THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

ITS  HISTORY,  ACTIVITIES 
AND    ORGANIZATION 


THE  INSTITUTE  FOR  GOVERNMENT  RESEARCH 

Washington,  D.  C. 

The  Institute  for  Government  Research  is  an  association  of 
citizens  for  cooperating  with  public  officials  in  the  scientific 
study  of  government  with  a  view  to  promoting  efficiency  and 
economy  in  its  operations  and  advancing  the  science  of  ad- 
ministration. It  aims  to  bring  into  existence  such  informa- 
tion and  materials  as  will  aid  in  the  formation  of  public  opin- 
ion and  will  assist  officials,  particularly  those  of  the  national 
government,  in  their  efforts  to  put  the  public  administration 
upon  a  more  efficient  basis. 

To  this  end,  it  seeks  by  the  thoroughgoing  study  and  exam- 
ination of  the  best  administrative  practice,  public  and  private, 
American  and  foreign,  to  formulate  those  principles  which  lie 
at  the  basis  of  all  sound  administration,  and  to  determine  their 
proper  adaptation  to  the  specific  needs  of  our  public  adminis- 
tration. 

The  accomplishment  of  specific  reforms  the  Institute  recog- 
nizes to  be  the  task  of  those  who  are  charged  with  the  respon- 
sibility of  legislation  and  administration;  but  it  seeks  to  assist, 
by  scientific  study  and  research,  in  laying  a  solid  foundation  of 
information  and  experience  upon  which  such  reforms  may  be 
successfully  built. 

While  some  of  the  Institute's  studies  find  application  only  in 
the  form  of  practical  cooperation  with  the  administrative  of- 
ficers directly  concerned,  many  are  of  interest  to  other  admin- 
istrators and  of  general  educational  value.  The  results  of 
such  studies  the  Institute  purposes  to  publish  in  such  form  as 
will  insure  for  them  the  widest  possible  utilization. 

Officers 

Robert  S.  Brookings,  Frank  J.  Goodnow, 

Chairman  Vice-Chairman 

James  F.  Curtis,  Frederick  Strauss, 

Secretary  Treasurer 

Trustees 

Edwin  A.  Alderman     Edwin  F.  Gay  Charles  D.  Norton 

Robert  S.  Brookings    Frank  J.  Goodnow  Martin  A.  Ryerson 

James  F.  Curtis  Jerome  D.  Greene  Frederick  Strauss 

R.  Fulton  Cutting        Arthur  T.  Hadley  Silas  H.  Strawn 

Frederic  A.  Delano      Herbert  C.  Hoover  William  H.  Taft 

George  Eastman  A.  Lawrence  Lowell  Ray  Lyman  Wilbur 

Raymond  B.  Fosdick   Samuel  Mather  Robert  S.  Woodward 
Felix  Frankfurter         Richard  B.  Mellon 

Director 
W.  F.  Willoughby 

Editor 
F.  W.  Powell 


INSTITUTE  FOR  GOVERNMENT  RESEARCH 

SERVICE  MONOGRAPHS 

OF  THE 

UNITED  STATES  GOVERNMENT 
No.  3 


THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

ITS  HISTORY,  ACTIVITIES 
AND  ORGANIZATION 


BY 

FRED  WILBUR  POWELL 


D.  APPLETON  AND  COMPANY 

NEW  YORK  LONDON 

1922 


COPYRIGHT,  1922,  BY 
INSTITUTE  FOR  GOVERNMENT  RESEARCH 


PRINTED  IK  THE  UNITED  STATES  OT  AMEKICA 


PUBLICATIONS  OF  THE 
INSTITUTE  FOR  GOVERNMENT  RESEARCH 


STUDIES  IN  ADMINISTRATION 

The  System  of  Financial  Administration  of  Great  Britain 

By  W.  F.  Willoughby,  W.  W.  Willoughby,  and  S.  M.  Lindsay 

The  Budget 

By  Rene  Stourm 
T.   Plazinski,  Translator;   W.  F.  McCaleb,  Editor 

The  Canadian  Budgetary  System 

By  H.  G.  Villard  and  W.  W.  Willoughby 
The  Problem  of  a  National  Budget 

By  W.  F.  Willoughby 
The  Movement  for  Budgetary  Reform  in  the  States 

By  W.  F.  Willoughby 
Teacher's  Pension  Systems  in  the  United  States 

By   Paul   Studensky 

Organized  Efforts  for  the  Improvement  of  Methods  of  Ad- 
ministration in  the  United  States 

By  Gustavus  A.,  Weber 

The  Federal  Service:    A  Study  of  the  System  of  Personal 
Administration  of  the  United  States  Government 

By  Lewis  Mayers 

The    System    of    Financial    Administration    of    the    United 
States   (In  Preparation) 

PRINCIPLES  OF  ADMINISTRATION 

Principles  Governing  the  Retirement  of  Public  Employees 

By  Lewis  Meriam 
Principles   of  Government  Purchasing 

By  Arthur  G.  Thomas 
Principles   of   Government  Accounting  and  Reporting 

By  Francis  Oakey,  C.  P.  A. 
Principles  of   Personnel   Administration 

By  Arthur  W.  Procter 

SERVICE    MONOGRAPHS    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES 

GOVERNMENT 
The  Geological  Survey 
The  Reclamation  Service 
The  Bureau  of  Mines 
The  Alaskan  Engineering  Commission 
The  Tariff  Commission 

The  Federal  Board  for  Vocational  Education 
The  Federal  Trade  Commission 
The   Steamboat-Inspection  Service 
The  National  Parks  Service 
The  Public  Health  Service 
The  Weather  Bureau 
The  Employee's   Compensation  Commission 


... 


FOREWORD 

The  first  essential  to  efficient  administration  of  any  enter- 
prise is  full  knowledge  of  its  present  make-up  and  operation. 
Without  full  and  complete  information  before  them,  as  to 
existing  organization,  personnel,  plant,  and  methods  of  oper- 
ation and  control,  neither  legislators  nor  administrators  can 
properly  perform  their  functions. 

The  greater  the  work,  the  more  varied  the  activities  en- 
gaged in,  and  the  more  complex  the  organization  employed, 
and  more  imperative  becomes  the  necessity  that  this  informa- 
tion shall  be  available — and  available  in  such  a  form  that  it 
can  readily  be  utilized. 

Of  all  undertakings,  none  in  the  United  States,  and -few,  if 
any,  in  the  world,  approach  in  magnitude,  complexity,  and 
importance  that  of  the  national  government  of  the  United 
States.  As  President  Taft  expressed  it  in  his  message  to  Con- 
gress of  January  17,  1912,  in  referring  to  the  inquiry  being 
made  under  his  direction  into  the  efficiency  and  economy  of  the 
methods  of  prosecuting  public  business,  the  activities  of  the 
national  government  "are  almost  as  varied  as  those  of  the  en- 
tire business  world.  The  operations  of  the  government  affect 
the  interest  of  every  person  living  within  the  jurisdiction  of 
the  United  States.  Its  organization  embraces  stations  and 
centers  of  work  located  in  every  city  and  in  many  local  sub- 
divisions of  the  country.  Its  gross  expenditures  amount  to 
billions  annually.  Including  the  personnel  of  the  military  and 
naval  establishments,  more  than  half  a  million  persons  are  re- 
quired to  do  the  work  imposed  by  law  upon  the  executive 
branch  of  the  government. 

"This  vast  organization  has  never  been  studied  in  detail  as 
one  piece  of  administrative  mechanism.  Never  have  the 
foundations  been  laid  for  a  thorough  consideration  of  the  re- 
lations of  all  its  parts.  No  comprehensive  effort  has  been 
made  to  list  its  multifarious  activities  or  to  group  them  in  such 
a  way  as  to  present  a  clear  picture  of  what  the  government  is 
doing.  Never  has  a  complete  description  been  given  of  the 
agencies  through  which  these  activities  are  performed.  At 

vii 


viii  FOREWORD 

no  time  has  the  attempt  been  made  to  study  all  of  these  activ- 
ities and  agencies  with  a  view  to  the  assignment  of  each  activ- 
ity to  the  agency  best  fitted  for  its  performance,  to  the  avoid- 
ance of  duplication  of  plant  and  work,  to  the  integration  of  all 
administrative  agencies  of  the  government,  so  far  as  may  be 
practicable,  into  a  unified  organization  for  the  most  effective 
and  economical  dispatch  of  public  business." 

To  lay  the  basis  for  such  a  comprehensive  study  of  the  or- 
ganization and  operations  of  the  national  government  as  Pres- 
ident Taft  outlined,  the  Institute  for  Government  Research 
has  undertaken  the  preparation  of  a  series  of  monographs,  of 
which  the  present  study  is  one,  giving  a  detailed  description  of 
each  of  the  fifty  or  more  distinct  services  of  the  government. 
These  studies  are  being  vigorously  prosecuted,  and  it  is  hoped 
that  all  services  of  the  government  will  be  covered  in  a  com- 
paratively brief  space  of  time.  Thereafter,  revisions  of  the 
monographs  will  be  made  from  time  to  time  as  need  arises,  to 
the  end  that  they  may,  as  far  as  practicable,  represent  current 
conditions. 

These  monographs  are  all  prepared  according  to  a  uniform 
plan.  They  give :  first,  the  history  of  the  establishment  and 
development  of  the  service;  second,  its  functions,  described 
not  in  general  terms,  but  by  detailing  its  specific  activities ; 
third,  its  organization  for  the  handling  of  these  activities; 
fourth,  the  character  of  its  plant;  fifth,  a  compilation  of,  or 
reference  to,  the  laws  and  regulations  governing  its  operations ; 
sixth,  financial  statements  showing  its  appropriations,  expen- 
ditures and  other  data  for  a  period  of  years;  and  finally,  a  full 
bibliography  of  the  sources  of  information,  official  and  private, 
bearing  on  the  service  and  its  operations. 

In  the  preparation  of  these  monographs  the  Institute  has 
kept  steadily  in  mind  the  aim  to  produce  documents  that  will 
be  of  direct  value  and  assistance  in  the  administration  of  public 
affairs.  To  executive  officials  they  offer  valuable  tools  of  ad- 
ministration. Through  them,  such  officers  can,  with  a  min- 
imum of  effort,  inform  themselves  regarding  the  details,  not 
only  of  their  own  services,  but  of  others  with  whose  facilities, 
activities,  and  methods  it  is  desirable  that  they  should  be  fa- 
miliar. Under  present  conditions  services  frequently  engage 
in  activities  in  ignorance  of  the  fact  that  the  work  projected 
has  already  been  done,  or  is  in  process  of  execution  by  other 
services.  Many  cases  exist  where  one  service  could  make  ef- 
fective use  of  the  organization,  plant  or  results  of  other  serv- 


FOREWORD  ix 

ices  had  they  knowledge  that  such  facilities  were  in  existence. 
With  the  constant  shifting  of  directing  personnel  that  takes 
place  in  the  administrative  branch  of  the  national  government, 
the  existence  of  means  by  which  incoming  officials  may  thus 
readily  secure  information  regarding  their  own  and  other  serv- 
ices is  a  matter  of  great  importance. 

To  members  of  Congress  the  monographs  should  prove  of 
no  less  value.  At  present  these  officials  are  called  upon  to 
legislate  and  appropriate  money  for  services  concerning  whose 
needs  and  real  problems  they  can  secure  but  imperfect  infor- 
mation. That  the  possession  by  each  member  of  a  set  of 
monographs,  such  as  is  here  projected,  prepared  according  to 
a  uniform  plan,  will  be  a  great  aid  to  intelligent  legislation 
and  appropriation  of  funds  can  hardly  be  questioned. 

To  the  public,  finally,  these  monographs  will  give  that 
knowledge  of  the  organization  and  operations  of  their  gov- 
ernment which  must  be  had  if  an  enlightened  public  opinion 
is  to  be  brought  to  bear  upon  the  conduct  of  governmental 
affairs. 

These  studies  are  wholly  descriptive  in  character.  No  at- 
tempt is  made  in  them  to  subject  the  conditions  described  to 
criticism,  nor  to  indicate  features  in  respect  to  which  changes 
might  with  advantage  be  made.  Upon  administrators  them- 
selves falls  responsibility  for  making  or  proposing  changes 
which  will  result  in  the  improvement  of  methods  of  adminis- 
tration. The  primary  aim  of  outside  agencies  should  be  to 
emphasize  this  responsibility  and  facilitate  its  fulfillment. 

While  the  monographs  thus  make  no  direct  recommenda- 
tions for  improvement,  they  cannot  fail  greatly  to  stimulate 
efforts  in  that  direction.  Prepared  as  they  are  according  to  a 
uniform  plan,  and  setting  forth  as  they  do  the  activities,  plant, 
organization,  personnel  and  laws  governing  the  several  serv- 
ices of  the  government,  they  will  automatically,  as  it  were, 
reveal,  for  example,  the  extent  to  which  work  in  the  same  field 
is  being  performed  by  different  services,  and  thus  furnish  the 
information  that  is  essential  to  a  consideration  of  the  great 
question  of  the  better  distribution  and  coordination  of  activi- 
ties among  the  several  departments,  establishments,  and  bu- 
reaus, and  the  elimination  of  duplications  of  plant,  organiza- 
tion and  work.  Through  them  it  will  also  be  possible  to  sub- 
ject any  particular  feature  of  the  administrative  work  of  the 
government  to  exhaustive  study,  to  determine,  for  example, 
what  facilities,  in  the  way  of  laboratories  and  other  plant  and 


x  FOREWORD 

equipment,  exist  for  the  prosecution  of  any  line  of  work  and 
where  those  facilities  are  located;  or  what  work  is  being  done 
in  any  field  of  administration  or  research,  such  as  the  promo- 
tion, protection  and  regulation  of  the  maritime  interests  of  the 
country,  the  planning  and  execution  of  works  of  an  engineer- 
ing character,  or  the  collection,  compilation  and  publication  of 
statistical  data,  or  what  differences  of  practice  prevail  in  re- 
spect to  organization,  classification,  appointment,  and  promo- 
tion of  personnel. 

To  recapitulate,  the  monographs  will  serve  the  double  pur- 
pose of  furnishing  an  essential  tool  for  efficient  legislation,  ad- 
ministration and  popular  control,  and  of  laying  the  basis  for 
critical  and  constructive  work  on  the  part  of  those  upon  whom 
responsibility  for  such  work  primarily  rests. 

Whenever  possible  the  language  of  official  statements  or  re- 
ports has  been  employed,  and  it  has  not  been  practicable  in  all 
cases  to  make  specific  indication  of  the  language  so  quoted. 


CONTENTS 

CHAPTER  PAGE 

FOREWORD 

I.    HISTORY  I 

Mining  Technological  Work  of  Geological  Survey   .     .  i 

Creation  and  Development  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines  .     .  3 

II.    ACTIVITIES  7 

Promotion  of  Safety  and  Health 8 

Investigation  of  accidents 8 

Research    in   accident   prevention 8 

Investigation   of  mine   hazards n 

Investigation   of   hygienic   conditions n 

Operation  of  mine-rescue  stations  and  cars  ....  13 

Publicity 15 

Technological   Researches   and  Investigations   .      .     .     .  16 

Mining 16 

Mineral   technology 2O 

Metallurgy 21 

Solid    mineral    fuels 22 

Petroleum  and  natural  gas 25 

Cooperation 29 

Administration 31 

Inspection  of  mines  and  mine  leases 31 

Mineral   land   leases 32 

Explosives   regulation 33 

Utilization  of  surplus  War  Department  explosives  .      .  33 

War  minerals   relief 34 

Operation  of  the  Government  Fuel  Yard 34 

Compilation  of  Mining  Laws  and  Regulations  ....  35 

War  Activities 35 

III.    ORGANIZATION  37 

General   Administration 39 

Office  proper  of   the   director 39 

Office  of  the  assistant  director 39 

Office  of  the  assistant  to  the  director 39 

Operations    Branch 39 

Division   of   office  administration 39 

Personnel 4P 

Accounts 4° 

Legal 40 

Mails  and  files 4° 

Property  and  shipments 41 

Mimeograph 41 

Division  of  education  and  information 41 

Editorial 42 

:  Jtf 


xii  CONTENTS 

CHAPTEB  PAGE 

Publications 42 

Motion  pictures  and  exhibits 43 

Statistics 43 

Codification  of  mining  laws 43 

Library 43 

Reference   files 43 

Division  of  mine-rescue  cars   and   stations    ....  43 

Safety  districts 44 

Rescue  stations 44 

Rescue   cars 44 

Government   fuel  yard 45 

Investigations  Branch 45 

Chief  surgeon 46 

Mining  division 46 

Division  of  mineral  technology 47 

Metallurgical    division 48 

Fuels  division 48 

Division  of  petroleum   and  natural  gas 49 

Division  of  mining  experiment  stations 49 

Experiment    stations 5° 

APPENDIX 

1.  Outline    of    Organization 51 

2.  Classification  of  Activities 70 

3.  Publications 72 

4.  Plant   and   Equipment 76 

5.  Laws 82 

Index  to  laws 82 

Compilation  of  laws 85 

6.  Financial   Statements 136 

Appropriations 136 

Expenditures 137 

Repayments 137 

Miscellaneous   receipts 137 

7.  Bibliography 146 

Index .161 


THE    BUREAU    OF    MINES: 

ITS  HISTORY,  ACTIVITIES  AND 

ORGANIZATION 

CHAPTER  I 
HISTORY 

The  Bureau  of  Mines  was  created  in  1910  as  a  part  of  the 
Department  of  the  Interior  to  conduct  inquiries  and  investiga- 
tions calculated  to  increase  health,  safety,  economy,  and 
efficiency  in  the  mining,  quarrying,  metallurgical,  and  miscel- 
laneous mineral  industries  of  the  country. 

While  some  of  the  interests  of  these  industries  had  been 
served  by  the  United  States  Geological  Survey  from  its  incep- 
tion in  1879,  there  was  a  growing  demand  for  special  recogni- 
tion and  aid  from  the  national  government,  particularly  among 
the  metal-mining  interests  in  the  western  states  and  the  east- 
ern bituminous  coal  mining  industry.  This  movement  first 
became  articulate  in  1896  when,  at  its  first  annual  convention 
at  Denver,  the  American  Mining  Congress  proposed  the  crea- 
tion of  a  national  department  of  mines  with  representation  in 
the  President's  cabinet.  From  time  to  time  thereafter  bills 
for  the  establishment  of  a  separate  organization  were  intro- 
duced into  Congress  with  the  ultimate  result  set  forth  in  the 
foregoing  paragraph. 

Mining  Technological  Work  of  Geological  Survey.  From 
the  first  the  Geological  Survey  had  established  a  close  relation 
to  the  mining  and  mineral  industries  through  the  preparation 
of  its  annual  report  on  "Mineral  Resources  of  the  United 
States/'  This  relation  was  steadily  strengthened  by  investiga- 
tions made  by  the  Survey  in  important  mining  areas,  by  inves- 


THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

'tigajticrns  •  arid  publications  relative  to  technologic  processes, 
beginning  in  1894,  and  by  the  publication  of  parts  of  a  geo- 
logic map  of  the  country,  most  of  the  early  issues  of  which 
covered  areas  of  interest  to  the  mining  industry.  In  1899 
a  systematic  inquiry  into  the  value  of  the  several  deposits  of 
economic  minerals  was  proposed  by  the  Director  of  the  Geo- 
logical Survey  as  a  task  which  might  well  be  undertaken  by 
a  division  of  mines  and  mining,  the  establishment  of  which 
he  recommended. 

The  first  effective  response  to  this  suggestion  came  in  1904 
(Act  of  February  18,  1904;  33  Stat.  L.,  15,  33)  when  Con- 
gress appropriated  $30,000  for  analyzing  and  testing  the  coals 
of  the  United  States.  In  1905  this  appropriation  was  en- 
larged to  $227,000  and  its  provisions  were  extended  to  cover 
all  fuels  (Act  of  January  5,  1905;  33  Stat.  L.,  602,603,  and 
act  of  March  3,  1905;  33  Stat.  L.,  1156,  1187).  Another 
appropriation  provided  for  an  investigation  of  structural 
materials. 

In  connection  with  both  investigations  the  Geological  Sur- 
vey was  called  upon  to  give  expert  advice  as  to  fuels  and 
structural  materials  to  other  branches  of  the  national  gov- 
ernment; and  the  preparation  of  specifications  and  the  testing 
of  fuels  and  materials  came  to  be  a  standing  feature  of  its 
work. 

Under  the  act  of  1904  the  work  of  fuel-testing  was  begun 
at  the  Louisiana  Purchase  Exposition  at  St.  Louis  under  the 
direction  of  Dr.  Joseph  A.  Holmes.  It  was  continued  at 
St.  Louis  until  1907  when  the  equipment  was  removed;  part 
of  it  going  to  the  Jamestown  Exposition  at  Norfolk  and  part 
to  Denver.  Other  fuel-testing  laboratories  were  established 
at  Columbus,  Pittsburgh,  and  Washington  (Act  of  June  30, 
1906,  34  Stat.  L.,  697,  728;  act  of  March  4,  1907,  34  Stat.  L., 
1275.  1335;  act  of  May  27,  1908,  35  Stat.  L.,  317,  349;  and 
act  of  March  4,  1909,  35  Stat.  L.,  945,  989). 

By  an  order  dated  April  2,  1907  the  Secretary  of  the  In- 
terior established  a  Technologic  Branch  in  the  Geological  Sur- 


HISTORY  3 

vey   to   conduct   the    work   of    testing    fuels   and    structural 
materials,  and  appointed  Dr.  Holmes  Chief  Technologist.    The 
duties  of  the  new  branch  were  extended  by  an  act  passed  in 
1908  (Act  of  May  22,  1908;  35  Stat.  L.,  184,  226.     See  also 
act  of  March  4,  1909;  35  Stat.  L.,  945,  989),  which  appro-X 
priated  $150,000  "for  the  protection  of  lives  of  miners  in  the  \ 
territories  and  in  the  District  of  Alaska,  and  for  conducting  I 
investigations  as  to  the  causes  of  mine  explosions  with  a  view 
to  increasing  safety  in  mining."     This  was  in  part  the  result 
of  the  representations  of  the  American  Mining  Congress,  but 
the  immediate  cause  was  the  awakened  interest  of  Congress 
following  a  series  of  disastrous  coal  mine  explosions  in  Decem- 
ber, 1907. 

Under  this  appropriation  the  Technologic  Branch  made  ex- 
aminations of  explosives  used  in  coal  mines  and  of  safety 
lamps  and  mine-rescue  apparatus.  It  also  conducted  inquiries 
into  the  occurrence  of  explosive  gases  and  inflammable  or 
explosive  dusts  and  into  the  use  of  electricity  in  mines.  This 
work  was  done  chiefly  at  Pittsburgh,  ( Pa. ) .  Stations  equipped 
with  mine-rescue  apparatus  were  established  at  Pittsburgh, 
(Pa.)  and  Urbana,  (111.)  in  1908,  and  additional  stations  were 
established  in  1909  at  Knoxville  and  at  Seattle.  These  sta- 
tions were  equipped  with  mine-rescue  apparatus,  and  manned 
with  a  personnel  trained  in  first-aid  and  rescue  methods.  By 
this  means  it  was  possible  to  afford  immediate  aid  after  mine 
explosions  and  to  train  miners  in  first-aid  methods  and  for 
rescue  work  following  mine  disasters. 

Creation  and  Development  of  Bureau  of  Mines.     For  the 

fiscal  year  1908-09  the  appropriations  for  the  three  classes  of 
technologic  investigations — testing  of  fuels,  testing  of  struc- 
tural materials,  and  investigation  of  mine  explosives — had 
reached  a  total  of  over  $500,000;  and  although  the  appropria- 
tion for  fuel-testing  was  reduced  the  next  year,  it  became 
apparent  that  the  investigation  of  mining  accidents  would  in- 
crease both  in  cost  and  in  importance.  The  lack  of  close  con- 
nection between  this  engineering  type  of  investigation  and  the 


4  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

regular  geologic  work  of  the  Geological  Survey,  the  growing 
realization  of  the  waste  of  both  life  and  resources  in  the 
mining  and  metallurgical  industries,  and  the  insistence  of  the 
organized  mining  interests  of  the  country  that  they  be  given 
definite  representation  in  the  national  government,  led  to  the 
proposal  that  a  Bureau  of  Mines  be  created  as  a  coordinate 
branch  of  the  Department  of  the  Interior  and  charged  with 
the  conduct  and  development  of  the  mining  technologic  work 
begun  by  the  Geological  Survey.  The  result  was  an  act  passed 
in  1910  (Act  of  May  6,  1910;  36  Stat.  L.,  369)  establishing 
the  Bureau  of  Mines. 

This  act  authorized  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  to  transfer 
to  the  new  bureau  the  three  types  of  investigations  hitherto 
conducted  by  the  Technologic  Branch  of  the  Geological  Survey, 
together  with  the  property,  equipment,  and  personnel  con- 
nected therewith.  It  became  effective  July  i,  1910,  and  Dr. 
Holmes  was  appointed  Director  after  a  short  interval.  Dr. 
Holmes  continued  to  direct  the  work  of  the  bureau  until  his 
death  in  July,  1913.  He  was  succeeded  by  Van  H.  Manning, 
who  resigned  in  June,  1920.  Dr.  F.  G.  Cottrell  was  then 
appointed  to  the  directorship.  He  resigned  on  December  31, 
1920  and  was  succeeded  by  H.  Foster  Bain,  the  present 
Director. 

/As  defined  by  the  organic  act  the  scope  of  the  Bureau  of 
Mines  was  extended  into  the  technical  processes  of  production 
and  of  utilization,  including  mineral  technology  and  metal- 
lurgy,— fields  of  investigation  which  had  not  been  mentioned 
in  any  of  the  appropriation  acts  for  the  Geological  Survey. 
Besides  the  testing  of  fuels  and  investigation  of  mine  explo- 
sions, taken  over  from  the  Geological  Survey,  it  included  in- 
vestigation of  the  methods  of  mining,  especially  in  relation 
to: 

The  safety  of  miners,  and  the  appliances  best  adapted  to 
prevent  accidents; 

The  possible  improvement  of  the  conditions  under  which 
mining  operations  are  carried  on; 


HISTORY  5 

The  treatment  of  ores  and  other  mineral  substances; 

The  use  of  explosives  and  electricity;  and 

The  prevention  of  accidents. 

It  also  included  "other  inquiries  and  technologic  investigations 
pertinent  to  said  industries." 

Before  it  went  into  effect  this  act  was  modified  in  two  par- 
ticulars (Act  of  June  25,  1910;  36  Stat.  L.,  703,  742,  743, 
765)  :  the  appointment  was  authorized  of  two  inspectors  of 
coal  and  other  mines  in  the  District  of  Alaska,  pursuant  to  the 
act  for  the  protection  of  the  lives  of  miners  in  the  territories 
(Act  of  March  3,  1891:  26  Stat  L.,  1104),  and  the  super- 
vision of  the  inspection  of  structural  materials  was  transferred 
to  the  Bureau  of  Standards  of  the  Department  of  Commerce 
and  Labor. 

In  1911  provision  was  made  (Act  of  March  4,  1911;  36 
Stat.  L.,  1363,  1419)  for  tests  or  investigations,  other  than 
those  performed  for  the  national  government  or  a  state  gov- 
ernment, on  a  fee  basis,  subject  to  authorization  by  the  Sec- 
retary of  the  Interior. 

The  bureau's  scope  was  extended  in  1913  by  an  amendment 
(Act  of  February  25,  1913;  37  Stat.  681)  which  wholly  sup- 
planted the  original  organic  act.  Here  it  was  described  as 
"a  bureau  of  mining,  metallurgy,  and  mineral  technology." 
One  section  describes  the  functions  of  the  bureau  as  follows : 

To  conduct  inquiries  and  scientific  and  technologic  investiga- 
tions concerning  mining,  and  the  preparation,  treatment,  and 
utilization  of  mineral  substances,  with  a  view  to  improving 
health  conditions,  and  increasing  safety,  efficiency,  economic 
development,  and  conserving  resources  through  the  prevention 
of  waste  in  the  mining,  quarrying,  metallurgical,  and  other 
mineral  industries; 

To  inquire  into  the  economic  conditions  affecting  those  in- 
dustries ; 

To  investigate  explosives  and  peat ;  and 

On  behalf  of  the  government  to  investigate  the  mineral 
fuels  and  unfinished  mineral  products  belonging  to,  or  for 
the  use  of,  the  United  States,  with  a  view  to  their  most  efficient 
mining,  preparation,  treatment  and  use. 


6  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

Another    section    further    elaborates   them    in   the    following 
terms : 

Inquiries  and  investigations  .  .  .  concerning  the  nature, 
causes,  and  prevention  of  accidents,  and  the  improvement  of 
conditions,  methods,  and  equipment,  with  special  reference  to 
health,  safety,  and  prevention  of  waste  in  the  mining,  quarry- 
ing, metallurgical,  and  other  mineral  industries;  the  use  of 
explosives  and  electricity,  safety  methods  and  appliances,  and 
rescue  and  first-aid  work  in  said  industries;  the  causes  and 
prevention  of  mine  fires.  .  .  . 

In  1915  Congress  passed  an  act  (Act  of  March  3,  1915; 
38  Stat.  L.,  959)  authorizing  the  establishment  of  seven  mine 
safety  stations  and  ten  mining  experiment  stations.  By  1921 
the  number  of  experiment  stations  had  increased  to  thirteen, 
and  there  were  in  addition  twelve  field  offices. 

From  time  to  time  additional  duties  have  been  imposed  upon 
the  bureau  by  statute  or  by  orders  of  the  Secretary  of  the 
Interior,  but  except  in  connection  with  matters  relating  to  the 
World  War  the  principal  activities  have  remained  as  fixed  by 
the  act  of  1913.  In  the  succeeding  chapter  those  activities 
are  considered  in  some  detail. 


CHAPTER  II 
ACTIVITIES  l 

As  has  been  indicated  in  the  foregoing  chapter  the  Bureau 
of  Mines  concerns  itself  with  mining  industries  of  all  kinds, 
that  is,  with  the  extraction  of  mineral  substances,  whether 
from  mines  or  quarries  or  from  oil  wells.  Its  interest  is 
not  confined  merely  to  extraction  from  the  ground  but  includes 
also  preparation,  treatment,  and  utilization, — the  field  of  metal- 
lurgy. Since  the  scope  of  the  field  is  large,  it  is  necessary  to 
have  relations  with  other  agencies,  and  these  relations  have 
been  established  on  the  following  terms : 

The  bureau  conducts  the  necessary  general  inquiries  and  in- 
vestigations in  regard  to  the  mining  and  metallurgical  indus- 
tries and  makes  the  results  available. 

Individual  states  are  looked  to  for  enacting  legislation  and 
setting  up  the  necessary  organization  for  inspection  of  mining 
operations. 

Mine,  mill,  and  smelter  operators  are  expected  to  introduce 
facilities,  methods,  and  processes  demonstrated  by  the  bureau's 
efforts  as  efficacious  in  the  elimination  of  hazardous  conditions 
and  waste  of  valuable  materials. 

Mine  managers  and  miners  are  to  cooperate  in  making  and 
enforcing  rules  and  regulations  calculated  to  promote  safety 
and  efficiency  of  operations.2 

1  See  also  Bureau  of  Mines,  Yearbook,  1916. 

2  "As  to  the  relations  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines  to  the  work  of  the 
States  and  private  corporations,  it  may  be  expected  that  the  bureau 
will  take  no  part  in  mine  supervision  or  in  mine  inspection,  these 
being  within  the  province  of  the   State.     But   the   Bureau  will   do 
what  it  can  to  encourage  the   investigation   of  local   mining   prob- 
lems by  the   States  and  the  private  corporations  most  directly   in- 
terested.    Furthermore,    the    bureau    will    not    undertake    to    do    or 
to   supplant   the   professional   work   which    is   now    being   done,   or 
is   to   be   done,   by   private   mining  engineers.     Its   main   work   will 

7 


8  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

The  activities  of  the  bureau  may  be  grouped  roughly  under 
the  two  following  heads : 

Safeguarding  the  lives  of  workers  in  the  mineral  industries, 
and  developing  more  efficient  and  less  wasteful  methods  for 
the  mining,  preparation,  treatment,  and  utilization  of  mineral 
substances. 

Promotion  of  Safety  and  Health.  The  Bureau  of  Mines 
is  directly  concerned  with  the  safety  and  health  of  workers  in 
mines  of  all  kinds,  in  quarries,  and  in  metallurgical  establish- 
ments. It  does  not  interest  itself  in  the  welfare  of  the  individ- 
ual worker,  but  in  general  conditions  which  affect  the  welfare 
of  groups  of  workers.  Its  activities  in  this  direction  follow 
the  lines  of  investigation  and  research,  instruction,  and  train- 
ing. 

Investigation  of  Accidents.  Investigations  of  mine  acci- 
dents, begun  by  the  Technologic  Branch  of  the  Geological 
Survey  in  1907,  have  been  conducted  by  the  Bureau  of  Mines 
since  its  organization.  Particular  attention  has  been  given  to 
coal-mine  explosions  on  account  of  their  high  record  of  fatali- 
ties, but  as  the  service  has  developed,  attention  has  been  given 
to  falls  of  roof,  falls  of  coal,  and  accidents  connected  with  the 
hoisting  and  hauling  of  coal.  The  investigative  work  includes 
accidents  and  the  development  of  appliances  and  methods  for 
their  prevention  in  the  coal-mining,  metal-mining,  quarrying, 
and  metallurgical  industries.  After  every  investigation,  a  re- 
port is  furnished  to  the  mine  operator,  setting  forth  changes 
deemed  advisable  to  insure  greater  safety. 

Research  in  Accident  Prevention.  While  recognizing  the 
importance  of  investigating  individual  accidents,  the  bureau 
has  placed  increasing  emphasis  on  researches  to  determine  the 

be  that  of  conducting  such  investigations  and  inquiries  as  relate 
to  the  more  general  or  national  phases  of  the  mining  and  metal- 
lurgical branches  of  the  industry,  and  the  distribution-  of  the 
results  of  its  investigations  and  inquiries  among  the  mine  workers 
and  mine  operators  of  the  country  in  such  manner  as  will  be  most 
effective  in  accomplishing  the  purposes  for  which  the  bureau  was 
created." — Secretary  of  the  Interior,  Annual  Report,  1919,  p.  28. 


ACTIVITIES  9 

conditions  that  lead  to  accidents  and  how  they  may  be  removed 
or  controlled.  A  beginning  was  made  by  the  Technologic 
Branch  of  the  Geological  Survey  in  1908,  under  the  terms  of 
an  appropriation  act  which  provided  for  studies  of  the  causes 
of  mine  explosions. 

In  its  first  year  of  operation,  the  bureau  leased  a  tract  of 
coal  land  near  Bruceton,  Pennsylvania,  and  opened  a  small 
experimental  mine  for  the  study  of  coal-dust  explosions.  The 
plan  as  announced  and  carried  through  was  the  "driving  of  a 
double  entry  or  tunnel,  into  the  coal  bed  for  about  2,000  feet 
and  then  opening  from  the  entries,  a  few  rooms  in  which 
experiments  may  be  conducted  to  determine,  under  the  con- 
ditions of  actual  mining,  the  behavior  of  different  types  of 
explosives,  the  conditions  that  determine  the  ignition  of  gas 
or  dust,  or  mixture  of  gas  or  dust  and  air,  and  the  factors 
involved  in  the  spread  of  the  resulting  explosions."  This  mine 
is  equipped  with  apparatus  for  recording  the  speed  of  an  ex- 
plosion and  the  pressure  produced  and  for  automatically  tak- 
ing samples  of  the  gases  formed  during  an  explosion.  The 
explosibility  of  the  dusts  of  bituminous  coals  from  different 
fields  throughout  the  country  has  been  demonstrated  at  this 
mine  and  methods  of  preventing  or  limiting  explosions  by  the 
use  of  rock  dust  have  been  devised. 

Frequent  public  demonstrations  have  been  held  in  the  pre- 
sence of  large  gatherings  of  miners  and  mine  officers. 

Laboratory  tests,  both  physical  and  chemical,  are  also  regu- 
larly made  of  dusts,  gases,  and  explosives.  In  the  case  of 
explosives  used  in  coal  mines,  the  bureau's  initial  efforts  were 
productive  of  almost  immediate  results.  Said  the  Annual 
Report  for  1913 : 

At  the  time  of  the  inauguration  of  this  work  black  powder, 
with  its  long  flame  and  poisonous  gases,  was  almost  universally 
used  in  coal-mining  operations  in  the  United  States.  One 
of  the  first  investigations  undertaken  by  the  bureau  was  that 
looking  to  improvement  in  the  character  of  the  explosives 
used.  As  a  result  of  conferences  with  mine  owners,  miners, 
and  manufacturers  of  explosives,  a  number  of  these  manufac- 


io  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

turers  agreed  to  undertake  the  making  of  a  new  type  of  ex- 
plosive that  would  have  for  its  special  characteristics  an  explo- 
sion flame  of  short  duration  and  relatively  low  temperature. 

The  bureau  cooperated  in  the  development  of  this  new  type 
of  explosives  by  establishing  the  necessary  standard  with  re- 
gard to  safety,  and  by  testing  the  explosives  submitted  from 
time  to  time  to  determine  whether  they  had  reached  such 
standard,  or  the  manner  in  which  and  the  extent  to  which  they 
failed  to  reach  such  standard.  As  a  result  of  this  work, 
within  a  little  more  than  three  years'  time,  the  use  of  the 
new  type  of  explosives,  termed  "permissible  explosives,"  has 
become  general  in  those  mines  where  the  risk  oi  gas  or  dust 
explosions  was  a  serious  one. 

Further  conferences  have  been  held  in  succeeding  years, 
resulting  in  the  development  of  other  tests  in  further  safe- 
guarding the  lives  of  miners. 

From  the  first  the  bureau  has  given  attention  to  the  develop- 
ment of  safer  types  of  mine  equipment  and  the  promotion  of 
their  manufacture  and  installation.  After  examination  of  the 
equipment  in  common  use,  new  or  improved  types  were  de- 
signed and  constructed,  and  the  cooperation  of  manufacturers 
was  enlisted  in  the  development  and  commercial  production 
of  those  which  had  been  perfected.  New  types  submitted  by 
manufacturers  are  subjected  to  test,  and  upon  satisfactory 
performance  they  are  formally  "approved"  and  entered  upon 
permissible  lists. 

As  a  result  of  the  bureau's  efforts  in  this  direction,  marked 
improvements  have  been  effected  in  the  types  of  portable 
electric  mine  lamps,  explosion-proof  motors,  storage-battery 
locomotives,  mine-lamp  cords,  flash  lamps,  flame  safety  lamps, 
gas  detectors,  danger  signals,  and  coal-cutting  apparatus. 
Studies  of  hoisting  ropes,  and  safety  catches  for  mine-hoist- 
ing cages,  safety  gates  for  mine  shafts,  and  mine  ladders  have 
also  been  pursued.  In  cooperation  with  professional  societies, 
operators,  and  equipment  manufacturers,  codes  of  rules  setting 
standards  of  safety  for  the  use  of  electricity  underground, 
for  the  installation  and  operation  of  electrical  equipment  in 
bituminous  coal  mines  and  for  metal  mines,  have  been  com- 


ACTIVITIES  ii 

piled,  and  their  adoption  has  been  productive  of  better  con- 
ditions. Several  states  have  enacted  stricter  laws  governing 
mine  equipment;  these  laws  being  based  upon  recommenda- 
tion of  the  Bureau  of  Mines. 

No  less  important  is  the  work  in  connection  with  mine- 
rescue  apparatus,  which  has  resulted  in  the  improvement  of 
breathing  apparatus  and  gas  masks  and  the  perfection  of 
danger  signals  and  signal  detectors.  A  recent  study  has  been 
made  of  the  geophone,  to  determine  its  value  in  mining  work. 

Investigation  of  Mine  Hazards.  The  investigation  of  mine 
hazards  is  another  important  feature  of  the  bureau's  work. 
This  involves  a  study  of  the  layout  of  the  mine  and  methods 
of  mining,  timbering,  transportation,  hoisting,  and  dumping, 
with  special  reference  to  safety  of  employees,  also  the  methods 
of  storage,  handling,  and  the  use  of  explosives,  fire  fighting 
equipment,  and  rescue  apparatus,  and  generally  of  the  con- 
ditions under  which  mining  operations  are  conducted  and  the 
lessening  of  mining  hazards.  Similar  field  investigations 
have  been  made  of  the  working  conditions  in  quarries.  The 
results  of  these  studies  are  made  available  to  the  operators 
and  to  the  mining  interests  generally. 

Investigations  have  also  been  made  as  to  the  causes  and 
prevention  of  accidents  at  blast  furnaces. 

Investigation  of  Hygenic  Conditions.  Matters  of  hygiene 
also  come  within  the  scope  of  activities  of  the  bureau.  The 
organic  act  creating  the  bureau  states  that  the  "Director  shall 
prepare  and  publish  reports  of  inquiries  and  investigations 
with  appropriate  recommendations  concerning  the  nature, 
causes,  and  prevention  of  accidents  and  improvements  of  con- 
ditions, methods,  and  equipment  with  special  reference  to 
health  ....  in  the  mining,  quarrying,  metallurgical,  and 
other  mineral  industries." 

In  1912  a  committee  of  surgeons,  as  consultants,  inves- 
tigated the  various  methods  for  resustication  after  asphyxia 
due  to  mine  gases.  This  resulted  in  obtaining  information 
indicating  that  the  Schaefer  Method  was  superior  to  other 


12  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

methods.  About  the  same  time,  development  of  first-aid  was 
begun,  chiefly  by  consultants  to  the  bureau.  This  work  has 
been  carried  on  by  the  regular  personnel  of  the  bureau  until 
at  the  present  time  the  methods  have  been  practically  stan- 
dardized as  far  as  the  mining  industry  is  concerned. 

Special  studies  in  mine  camp  sanitation  and  oil  camp  sani- 
tation have  been  made  and  reports  published  with  recom- 
mendations for  improvements.  Among  the  principal  studies 
of  health  hazards  has  been  that  of  carbon  monoxide,  includ- 
ing its  physiological  effects  on  both  men  and  animals,  to- 
gether with  methods  for  its  determination  and  treatment. 
The  problem  of  the  ventilation  of  mines,  including  the  effects 
of  non-poisonous  gases  and  the  effects  of  temperatures  and 
humidity,  has  been  extensively  investigated.  The  effects  of 
coal  dust  have  been  and  are  to  be  investigated,  but  on  a  much 
smaller  scale.  The  effects  of  various  poisonous  dusts,  as 
mercury,  lead,  and  arsenic,  in  the  mines  and  smelters,  have 
been  and  are  also  being  investigated.  Special  reports  have 
been  written  and  forwarded  to  those  most  vitally  interested. 

During  the  past  year  a  study  has  been  made  of  medical 
organizations  in  mining  communities  with  a  view  to  making 
recommendations  for  their  efficient  operation.  Health  and 
safety  campaigns  are  being  successfully  carried  on  in  some  of 
the  districts  by  car  engineers  and  car  surgeons. 

In  the  study  of  conditions  favoring  occupational  diseases 
in  the  mining  industries,  the  bureau  has  cooperated  with  the 
United  States  Public  Health  Service  and  with  state  organiza- 
tions pursuing  similar  special  investigations.  Subjects  which 
have  been  thus  considered  are :  pulmonary  disease  among 
miners,  hookworm,  mine  ventilation,  health  conditions  in  the 
quicksilver  industry  and  in  steel  and  metallurgical  plants. 

In  its  initial  report  the  bureau  recognized  the  danger  of 
overlapping  and  duplication  in  this  work,  and  in  1916  it 
declared  that  with  respect  to  health  conditions  in  steel  and 
metallurgical  plants  "it  seems  only  necessary  for  the  Bureau 
of  Mines  to  cooperate  ...  in  the  matter  of  special  technical 


ACTIVITIES  13 

questions  that  may  come  up  from  time  to  time."  3  In  the 
sundry  civil  appropriation  act  for  1918  and  succeeding  years, 
Congress  has  provided  that  "the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 
may  detail  medical  officers  of  the  Public  Health  Service  for 
cooperative  health,  safety,  or  sanitary  work  with  the  Bureau 
of  Mines."  Under  this  authority,  the  medical  personnel  of 
the  rescue  cars  and  stations  is  detailed  from  the  Public  Health 
Service  under  a  cooperative  agreement. 

Incident  to  its  investigation  of  gases  in  mines  as  affecting 
the  health  of  mine  workers,  the  bureau  in  1920  conducted  a 
thorough  investigation  of  automobile  exhaust  gases  in 
vehicular  tunnels,  their  composition,  their  production  by  dif- 
ferent types  of  vehicles,  and  their  removal  through  proper 
ventilation. 

Operation  of  Mine-Rescue  Stations  and  Cars.  The  pur- 
pose of  the  mine-rescue,  or  better,  "mine-safety,"  stations 
and  cars  was  set  forth  in  the  bureau's  first  annual  report 
(1911): 

Early  in  the  investigation  of  mine  disasters  it  was  necessary 
to  provide,  in  the  important  coal  fields,  facilities  for  enabling 
engineers  to  examine  mines  after  disasters,  while  the  mines 
were  still  full  of  poisonous  explosive  gases,  in  order  that  ex- 
amination might  be  made  while  the  evidences  of  a  disaster 
were  still  fresh.  It  was  found  also  that  such  prompt  examina- 
tions would  be  useful  in  opening  up  these  mines  and  in  rescuing 
miners  who  might  have  been  entombed.  For  the  above 
reasons,  there  has  been  established  in  those  of  the  larger  coal 
fields  in  which  mine  disasters  are  most  likely,  mine-safety 
stations  or  mine-safety  cars. 

At  that  time  there  were  six  stations  and  six  cars,  the  latter 
being  second-hand  Pullman  cars  refitted.  The  operation  of 
these  stations  and  cars  was  described  in  that  report  as  follows : 

These  cars  do  not  remain  at  their  headquarters,  but  each 
within  its  own  district  moves  from  one  mining  camp  to 
another.  When  a  serious  mine  disaster  occurs  in  any  district 

3  Annual  Report,  1916,  p.  68. 


I4  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

the  car  in  that  district  immediately  drops  its  ordinary  program 
and  is  carried  to  the  scene  of  the  disaster  either  by  special 
locomotive  or  by  the  first  available  train.  The  men  of  the 
car,  together  with  such  local  men  as  have  had  mine-rescue 
training,  examine  the  mine  as  quickly  as  possible,  penetrating 
the  poisonous  and  explosive  gases  in  it  by  means  of  the  breath- 
ing apparatus  that  they  wear,  and  aiding  in  the  rescue  of 
any  persons  who  may  have  been  entombed  in  the  mine.  In 
case  of  a  disaster  in  the  coal  fields  near  one  of  the  .  .  .  sta- 
tions ...  the  miner  in  charge  of  the  station,  with  all  avail- 
able rescue  and  first-aid  equipment,  proceeds  by  the  first  train 
to  the  scene  of  the  disaster,  and  endeavors  to  accomplish,  with 
the  help  of  locally  trained  miners,  the  purposes  mentioned 
above.  .  .  . 

The  mining  engineers  of  the  bureau  examine  the  safety 
conditions  at  mines,  advise  the  mine  officials  as  to  the  possibil- 
ities of  improving  these  conditions,  and  deliver  illustrated  lec- 
tures to  miners,  calling  their  attention  to  the  need  of  greater 
care  in  safeguarding  their  own  lives  and  the  lives  of  others. 
Daily  demonstrations  of  mine-rescue  and  first-aid  equipment 
and  methods  are  given.  Miners  are  trained  in  the  practical 
methods  of  handling  such  equipment  under  mine-disaster  con- 
ditions. .  .  . 

Permanent  results  are  appearing  in  the  establishment  of  a 
considerable  number  of  local  rescue  and  first-aid  stations 
equipped  by  mining  companies  and  manned  by  experienced 
local  mining  engineers  competent  to  investigate  mine  condi- 
tions, conduct  safety  demonstrations,  and  to  advise  mine 
officials  and  miners  as  to  methods  for  preventing  mine  acci- 
dents. .  .  . 

It  is  expected  that  ultimately  the  mine-rescue  and  first-aid 
work  will  be  taken  care  of  locally  through  the  training  and 
organization  of  miners  at  each  of  the  larger  mines  or  groups 
of  mines  in  the  different  coal  fields,  and  that  this  work  will 
then  be  supported  entirely  by  the  coal-mining  companies.  The 
work  undertaken  by  the  Bureau  of  Mines  is  pioneer  educa- 
tional work,  temporary  in  character. 

By  1921  the  number  of  stations  had  been  increased  to  ten, 
and  the  number  of  cars  to  ten,  of  which  six  were  new  steel 
cars.  Seven  of  the  stations  were  equipped  with  auto  rescue 
trucks.  "This  method  of  disseminating  information,"  says 
one  annual  report,  "is  more  effective  than  any  other  possible 


ACTIVITIES  15 

system.  Its  advantages  over  publications  will  be  appreciated 
by  those  who  understand  that  a  majority  of  these  miners  are 
foreign  born  and  ordinarily  read  little  or  no  English  printed 
matter." 

Persons  who  receive  certificates  of  first-aid  training  are 
instructed  and  examined  in  the  anatomy  of  the  human  body, 
the  treatment  of  hemorrhage,  fractures,  burns,  and  shock,  and 
the  transport  of  wounded  persons.  Certificates  of  rescue 
training  are  given  persons  who  pass  a  physical  examination 
for  fitness  for  rescue  work,  wear  breathing  apparatus  while 
doing  hard  labor  in  atmospheres  containing  noxious  or  irre- 
spirable  gases,  and  demonstrate  their  ability  to  adjust  and 
take  care  of  such  apparatus,  and  to  perform  the  duties  of 
rescue  men.  The  training  given  represents  fifteen  hours  of 
intensive  work. 

During  the  decade  ending  June  30,  1920,  the  Bureau  of 
Mines  trained  50,971  persons  in  rescue  and  first-aid  methods. 
Of  this  number  30,333  persons  received  first-aid  training 
only,  4836  received  mine-rescue  training  only,  and  15,802 
were  trained  both  in  mine-rescue  and  first-aid  work. 

The  number  trained  (734)  in  1911  represented  less  than  one 
miner  in  every  thousand  employed.  In  1920,  the  number 
trained  was  8993,  which,  based  upon  the  estimated  total  num- 
ber of  mine  employees  for  that  year,  represented  about  nine  in 
every  thousand.  The  total  number  of  persons  trained  during 
the  entire  ten-year  period  indicates  that  for  every  thousand  em- 
ployees at  coal  and  metal  mines  approximately  fifty-five  have 
received  training  in  rescue  or  first-aid  work,  or  both,  from 
the  Bureau  of  Mines. 

Publicity.  As  a  means  of  stimulating  public  interest  in 
first-aid  and  rescue  work,  the  Bureau  of  Mines  has  encour- 
aged the  holding  of  mine-rescue  and  first-aid  contests  and  field 
meets  throughout  the  mining  regions. 

The  results  of  the  bureau's  researches  and  investigations 
in  mine  safety  are  published  as  "Bulletins"  and  "Technical 
Papers"  or  in  the  form  of  "Miners'  Circulars,"  the  latter 


1 6  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

being  written  in  simple,  non-technical  English  and  widely  dis- 
tributed among  workers  in  mines,  quarries,  and  metallurgical 
plants. 

Since  its  establishment  the  bureau  has  regularly  compiled 
and  published  reports  on  mine  fatalities  in  order  to  provide 
a  body  of  reliable  information  for  use  in  determining  the 
hazards  of  workmen  in  the  mineral  industries  and  the  steps 
to  be  taken  in  lessening  the  death  rate  from  accidents.  In- 
formation as  to  accidents  in  coal  mines  is  furnished  by  the 
various  state  mine  inspectors,  and  the  returns  are  issued 
monthly.  Accidents  in  metal  mines,  quarries,  coke  ovens,  and 
metallurgical  plants,  except  blast-furnaces,  are  reported 
voluntarily  by  the  operators,  and  the  returns  are  published 
annually. 

Technological  Researches  and  Investigations.  The  tech- 
nologic work  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines,  extending  as  it  does 
through  the  various  mining  and  metallurgical  industries,  is 
of  such  a  varied  nature  as  almost  to  defy  classification.  In 
the  following  paragraphs  it  is  considered  under  a  series  of  heads 
which  are  accurately  descriptive  but  not  mutually  exclusive. 

Mining.  Studies  of  mining  methods,  and  equipment  with 
respect  to  safety  and  efficiency  have  been  continuously  con- 
ducted, and  unsafe  and  wasteful  methods  called  to  the  atten- 
tion of  the  mine  operators.  Many  of  the  investigations  rela- 
tive to  methods  and  equipment  for  lessening  mine  hazards  have 
already  been  described  under  Research  in  Accident  Preven- 
tion. The  testing  and  development  of  safer  types  of  ex- 
plosives, the  explosibility  tests  of  mine  gases  and  dusts,  and 
the  perfecting  of  stone-dust  barriers  and  other  means  for  pre- 
venting or  limiting  explosions  in  coal  mines,  have  added 
greatly  to  safety  from  explosion  hazards.  A  country-wide 
study  is  being  made  of  mine-explosion  hazards  and  mine-fire 
hazards.  After  each  explosion  or  fire,  a  careful  investiga- 
tion is  made  with  a  view  to  ascertaining  the  probable  origin, 
the  effects,  and  what  can  be  done  to  lessen  the  likelihood  of  a 
similar  disaster  in  the  same  or  other  mines. 


ACTIVITIES  17 

Besides  assistance  rendered  by  the  crews  of  the  rescue  cars 
and  stations  at  disasters,  bureau  engineers  frequently  assist 
or  direct  the  work  of  fighting  mine  fires.  A  special  technique 
has  been  developed  by  which  a  mine  fire  may  be  more  readily 
brought  under  control  and  the  extent  of  the  danger  area  deter- 
mined by  improved  gas  analysis  devices  and  other  means. 

Methods  of  timbering  and  other  means  of  support  have  been 
studied  both  with  regard  to  safety  of  the  workers  and  from 
the  viewpoint  of  the  practical  mining  man.  Attention  is  also 
being  given  to  methods  for  the  preservation  of  mine  timbers. 
Studies  of  mine  explosives  and  blasting  methods  are  made 
with  regard  to  economy  as  well  as  safety.  They  include 
the  use  of  various  explosives  new  in  mining;  for  example, 
liquid  oxygen  explosive,  and  excess  stocks  of  military  ex- 
plosives released  for  industrial  use.  With  a  view  to  lessen- 
ing waste  and  finding  cheaper  and  better  methods  in  the  handl- 
ing of  coal  or  ore  and  waste,  in  underground  mines,  the 
bureau  investigates  methods  for  the  separation  of  impurities 
from  the  coal  (or  ore)  in  the  mines,  disposal  of  the  waste, 
and  the  loading  and  transportation  of  ore  and  waste. 

Experiments  are  conducted  in  methods  of  coal  washing  and 
preparation,  and  coal  washing  practice  is  studied  with  a  view 
to  reduction  of  losses  of  good  coal  and  widening  the  field  of 
use  of  the  more  impure  coals. 

Special  studies  have  been  made  in  zinc  mining  and  treat- 
ment with  a  view  to  reducing  waste  in  the  zinc  mines  of  Wis- 
consin, Oklahoma,  Missouri,  Kansas,  and  other  states. 
Comprehensive  mining  investigations  have  included  studies 
of  methods  employed  in  the  iron-mining  industry,  placer  min- 
ing, open-pit  copper  mining,  and  the  operation  of  gold  dredges. 
Information  is  being  collected  for  a  monograph  on  coal  min- 
ing practice  in  the  United  States  with  a  view  to  affording 
comparison  of  the  methods  employed  in  different  fields  and 
making  information  on  the  more  efficient  practices  available 
to  all. 

Tunnel  methods  and  equipment,  from  the  point  of  view  of 


i8  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

both  safety  and  efficiency,  have  been  made  the  subject  of  in- 
vestigation and  report;  also  the  corrosion  of  metals  in  mine 
equipment.  To  aid  operators  of  mines  to  obtain  the  econ- 
omies practicable  through  careful  accounting,  descriptions  of 
mine  accounting  systems  have  been  prepared  and  published. 

The  bureau,  in  the  first  year  of  its  existence,  made  a  pre- 
liminary examination  into  quarry  methods  and  practices,  hav- 
ing in  mind  the  reduction  of  risk  to  life,  efficiency  of  opera- 
tion, and  the  elimination  and  utilization  of  quarry  waste.  In 
1914,  in  cooperation  with  the  Geological  Survey  and  the 
Bureau  of  Standards,  an  extensive  investigation  was  made  of 
building-stone  quarries.  This  included  a  study  of  marble 
and  sandstone  quarry  methods  in  1914  and  1915,  and  in  the 
next  two  years,  studies  of  methods  of  quarrying  limestone 
for  Portland  cement  and  for  blast-furnace  flux.  During  1920 
and  1921,  a  detailed  study  of  slate  quarrying  was  conducted, 
having  in  view  improved  methods  of  operation  and  utiliza- 
tion of  waste. 

As  the  mining  industry  is  world-wide  in  its  extent  and  as 
progress  is  being  made  on  its  problems  in  other  countries, 
the  Bureau  of  Mines  has  recognized  the  importance  of  collect- 
ing from  all  sources  information  as  to  all  phases  of  the  sub- 
ject for  the  guidance  of  the  agencies  of  the  national  and  state 
governments  as  well  as  those  whose  interest  lies  either  in  pure 
science  or  in  its  practical  application.  This  involves  an 
examination  of  mines  by  field  engineers,  and  of  the  literature 
of  the  subject  as  presented  in  books,  in  the  papers  of  scientific 
societies,  and  in  periodicals. 

In  1919  a  comprehensive  glossary  of  all  known  terms  used 
in  the  mining  and  mineral  industry  by  English-speaking  people 
was  published. 

In  1912  the  Chief  Mining  Engineer  headed  a  party  of  min- 
ing engineers  on  a  three-months'  trip  through  the  mines  of 
several  countries  of  Europe  with  a  view  to  bringing  about 
"the  adoption  in  American  mining  operations  of  any  prac- 
tices that  elsewhere  have  proved  effective  in  reducing  the  loss 


ACTIVITIES  19 

of  life  or  the  waste  of  resources  and  seem  applicable  to 
American  conditions."  Again  in  1919  the  Chief  Mining  Engi- 
neer visited  the  United  Kingdom,  Belgium,  France,  and  Ger- 
many, to  observe  and  report  on  mining  methods. 

Through  district  mining  engineers  stationed  and  working  in 
the  various  mining  districts  of  the  United  States,  a  constant 
interchange  of  information  takes  place  as  to  improved  methods 
and  practices.  Much  of  this  work  does  not  lend  itself  to 
formal  publication,  but  to  be  effective  must  be  imparted  to 
those  engaged  in  the  industry  by  personal  contact  under  min- 
ing conditions  and  in  the  mines  themselves.  Thus  continual 
advice  is  given  to  promote  greater  recovery  of  coal  and  mineral, 
to  improve  ventilation  underground,  and  to  further  the  in- 
troduction of  safe  practices,  and  demonstrations  are  made 
under  working  conditions  of  the  use  of  explosives  and  a  vari- 
ety of  improved  mine  equipment. 

Studies  of  rock  dust  in  relation  to  pulmonary  disease  among 
metal  miners  in  certain  mining  districts  have  demonstrated  the 
need  for  more  adequate  protection  of  metal  mine  workers.  A 
general  investigation  of  metal  mines  is  in  progress  covering 
ventilation,  rock  dust,  and  temperatures  and  humidities  in 
metal  mine  workings,  in  respect  to  their  relation,  one  to 
another,  and  their  effect  on  the  health,  comfort,  and  efficiency 
of  the  workers. 

The  bureau  under  authority  conferred  by  the  Secretary  of 
the  Interior,  has  cooperated  with  the  Indian  Office  in  super- 
vising mining  methods  in  mines  on  Indian  lands,  and  makes 
recommendations  for  the  increase  of  safety  and  prevention  of 
waste  in  mining  coal  and  other  minerals.  The  bureau  has 
also  cooperated  in  appraising  the  coal  under  lands  belonging 
to  Indian  tribes,  and  assists  the  Indian  Office  by  giving  tech- 
nical advice  and  making  reports  in  connection  with  the  leasing 
of  coal  lands,  oil  lands,  and  (Act  of  June  30,  1919;  41  Stat, 
L.,  3)  with  metalliferous  minerals  on  Indian  lands. 

The  mining  engineers  cooperate  with  national  or  state  legal 
bodies  and  societies  or  organizations  interested  in  promoting 


20  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

safety  and  efficiency  in  mining,  by  contributing  technical 
advice  in  the  revision  of  mining  codes,  and  lend  their  support 
in  putting  improved  codes  into  effect. 

Mineral  Technology.  In  the  field  of  miscellaneous  mineral 
technology  the  bureau  has  concerned  itself  with  the  increase 
of  efficiency  in  the  utilization  of  mineral  substances  and  es- 
pecially with  reducing  the  dependence  of  American  industry 
upon  foreign  sources.  Attention  has  been  directed  to  deposits 
of  fuller's  earth,  feldspar,  kaolin,  and  clays  available  to  centers 
of  consumption.  In  1917  an  experiment  station  was  estab- 
lished at  Columbus,  to  deal  exclusively  with  problems  of 
ceramics.  Information  of  value  to  the  talc  and  soapstone 
industries  is  now  being  collected. 

After  the  outbreak  of  the  war  in  Europe,  the  matter  of 
industrial  self-sufficiency  took  on  increased  importance,  and 
upon  the  entrance  of  the  United  States  in  1917,  the  military 
motive  became  paramount.  In  cooperation  with  the  War 
Department,  the  bureau  conducted  investigations  of  the  nitrate 
situation  and  of  the  processes  used  in  fixing  atmospheric  nitro- 
gen. In  cooperation  with  the  Council  of  National  Defense, 
the  bureau  studied  the  problem  of  mineral  raw  materials  for 
sulphuric  acid  manufacture.  Attention  was  also  given  to 
developing  domestic  sources  of  graphite  suitable  for  making 
crucibles  and  of  potash  for  fertilizer,  explosives,  and  other 
uses. 

An  important  series  of  special  investigations  relates  to  the 
extraction  of  rare  metals  for  native  ores. 

Particular  attention  has  been  given  to  the  production  of 
radium  for  use  in  the  treatment  of  cancer.  The  situation  at 
the  outset  was  thus  described  in  an  annual  report  of  the  bureau 


There  is  probably  not  more  than  30  grams  (about  i  ounce) 
of  ^radium  now  available  for  such  treatment  in  all  countries. 
Of  this  amount  there  is  probably  not  more  than  2  grams  of 
radium  bromide  in  the  United  States,  in  the  hands  of  a  few 
surgeons.  Probably  15  grams  of  radium  bromide  was  pro- 


ACTIVITIES  21 

duced  during  1912;  and  of  this  15  grams  nearly  11.5  grams 
was  extracted  in  various  European  countries  from  ores  shipped 
to  them  from  the  United  States — mainly  from  Colorado  and 
Utah.  .  .  . 

Meanwhile  the  American  hospitals  are  vainly  endeavoring  to 
purchase  and  bring  back  to  the  United  States  for  their  own 
use  some  small  part  of  this  radium,  even  at  such  prices  as 
$120,000  to  $160,000  per  gram,  or  $500,000  to  $800,000  for 
the  5  grams  of  radium  that  a  large  hospital  should  have  or 
have  access  to  for  special  cases.  .  .  . 

Owing  to  the  lack  of  funds  with  which  to  carry  on  the 
work,  the  Bureau  of  Mines  made  a  cooperative  agreement 
with  the  National  Radium  Institute  for  the  purpose  of  study- 
ing the  best  methods  of  handling  carnotite  ore  and  of  produc- 
ing therefrom  radium,  uranium,  and  vanadium.  An  experi- 
mental plant  was  established  at  Denver  by  the  Institute  and 
placed  under  the  supervision  of  investigators  in  the  bureau  ser- 
vice. This  plant  was  soon  enlarged  to  a  commercial  size,  and 
by  the  end  of  the  cooperative  arrangement  in  1917  it  had  pro- 
duced eight  and  a  half  grams  of  radium  element  in  the  form 
of  radium  bromide,  at  a  cost  of  only  $40,000  per  gram.  The 
processes  of  extracting  radium  that  were  developed  were 
patented  for  the  benefit  of  the  people  of  the  United  States. 

Metallurgy.  An  investigation  of  smelter  fumes  was  under- 
taken in  California,  with  the  idea  of  preventing  damage  to 
national  forests.  This  work  was  extended  to  the  recovery  and 
utilization  of  valuable  substances  in  the  fumes.  Smelter  and 
refining  plants  in  different  parts  of  the  country  were  examined 
and  laboratory  tests  made.  The  Director  of  the  Bureau  of 
Mines  served  on  two  commissions  concerned  with  smelter 
smoke  problems  in  California  and  Montana,  and  the  bureau 
cooperated  with  private  companies  in  similar  investigations. 
Attention  has  also  been  given  to  the  prevention  of  injury  to 
animals  and  vegetation  by  the  solution  discharged  from  cyan- 
ide plants. 

As  funds  became  available  other  metallurgical  work  was 
undertaken,  the  principal  object  of  which  was  the  prevention 


22  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

of  waste,  the  recovery  of  losses  in  metals,  and  the  commercial 
utilization  of  unworked  mineral  deposits. 

An  idea  of  the  general  range  of  the  metallurgical  activities 
of  the  bureau  can  be  best  conveyed  through  enumeration  of 
the  subjects  of  representative  investigations.  They  include 
hydrometallurgy  of  gold  and  silver;  cyanidation  of  silver 
ores;  measurement  of  blast-furnace  slag  viscosity;  melting  of 
brass  and  of  aluminum  chips;  treatment  of  various  low-grade 
and  complex  ores,  especially  lead,  zinc,  silver,  and  iron;  re- 
covery of  silver  from  oxidized  ores;  the  flotation  process  for 
lead  and  zinc  ores;  recovery  of  mercury;  the  volatilization 
process  for  lead  and  silver  ores;  recovery  of  potash  at  cement 
plants  and  blast  furnaces ;  metals  needed  in  the  preparation 
of  special  alloy  steels;  melting  of  non-ferrous  alloys;  and 
preparation  of  luminous  metallic  paint. 

Incidental  to  the  production  of  radium,  many  tons  of  iron 
vanadate  applicable  to  the  production  of  high-grade  vanadium 
steel  and  many  tons  of  oxide  of  uranium  for  use  in  coloring 
glass  and  hardening  tool-steel  were  produced.  The  extracting 
of  molybdenum,  tungsten,  manganese,  pyrite,  and  nickel  from 
native  ores  was  the  subject  of  investigation  before  the  entrance 
of  the  United  States  into  the  World  War,  the  purpose  being  to 
develop  larger  domestic  supplies  of  those  minerals  necessary 
to  the  industries  of  the  United  States. 

After  the  United  States  went  into  the  war  this  work  took 
on  increased  importance,  and  its  scope  was  greatly  widened 
to  include  mercury,  chromium,  antimony,  arsenic,  platinum, 
and  tin.  Under  special  authorization  of  Congress  (Act  of 
October  5,  1918;  40  Stat.  L.,  1009)  the  bureau  was  planning 
to  extend  its  investigations  relating  to  minerals  of  military 
importance,  when  the  signing  of  the  armistice  put  an  end 
to  the  work. 

Solid  Mineral  Fuels.  A  knowledge  of  the  chemical  and 
physical  nature  of  the  substances  constituting  coal  is  an  im- 
portant aid  in  attaining  efficiency  in  the  utilization  of  coal  and 
in  understanding  the  behavior  of  different  coals  in  burning. 


ACTIVITIES  23 

Also  such  knowledge  is  of  especial  value  in  considering  the 
causes  of  dust  explosions  in  mines  and  mills,  and  in  determin- 
ing why  some  coals  coke  and  other  do  not.  From  the  first 
the  bureau  has  conducted  investigations  into  the  origin  and 
constitution  of  coal,  including  chemical  studies,  microscopic 
studies,  and  studies  of  the  decomposition  of  coal  and  the 
primary  products  and  by-products  thereof. 

To  determine  the  possible  utilization  of  the  low-grade  fuel 
resources  of  the  country  the  bureau  has  also  conducted  a  series 
of  investigations  of  lignite  and  peat  from  the  point  of  view 
of  both  direct  burning  and  the  extraction  of  valuable  con- 
stituents. Provision  for  this  work  was  made  in  the  original 
organic  act  and  in  subsequent  acts  of  appropriation.  In  1919 
a  special  act  (Act  of  February  25,  1919;  40  Stat  L.,  1154) 
granted  the  sum  of  $100,000  for  further  studies. 

In  1920  a  special  study  was  made  of  conditions  in  the  coal 
industry,  particularly  as  regards  the  standardization  of  coal 
for  export. 

Fuel-efficiency  tests,  begun  by  the  Geological  Survey,  have 
been  continued  and  widened  in  scope  by  the  Bureau  of  Mines. 
The  conditions  under  which  different  types  of  fuel  can  be 
burned  with  greatest  efficiency  have  been  studied  and  the  best 
type  for  particular  uses  determined.  Representative  inves- 
tigations which  may  be  cited  are :  The  combustion  process  in  a 
fuel  bed ;  clinkering  tendency  of  coal ;  briquetting  of  low-grade 
coal  and  lignite;  use  of  powdered  coal;  and  use  of  coal  and 
coke  in  domestic  furnaces.  Attention  has  also  been  given 
to  efficient  methods  of  firing,  air  supply,  developing  means 
for  the  abatement  of  the  smoke  nuisance  in  cities,  and  effi- 
ciency testing  of  boilers  with  various  fuels.  Furnace  design 
has  been  considered  with  reference  to  complete  combustion 
of  the  various  fuels  to  be  used;  tests  have  been  made  of  dif- 
ferent types  of  furnaces  and  boilers;  and  gas  producers  have 
been  studied  with  a  view  to  better  utilization  of  fuel.  Other 
allied  subjects  investigated  are :  Heat  transmission  into  boil- 
ers; heat  insulation  of  furnaces;  and  boiler  and  furnace  effi- 


24  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

ciency  in  government  heating  and  power  plants.  Work  of 
this  nature  for  other  branches  of  the  government  has  been  con- 
tinuous and  extensive.  Particular  attention  has  been  given 
to  coke;  its  use  in  foundry  practice  and  its  valuable  by-pro- 
ducts. 

Several  branches  of  the  national  government  which  store 
large  quantities  of  coal  have  called  upon  the  bureau  for  in- 
vestigations of  the  risk  of  spontaneous  combustion  of  coal 
stored  under  different  conditions  and  also  of  the  loss  of  heat- 
ing values  through  deterioration  during  storage  in  the  open 
air  or  under  water.  The  results  of  a  five-year  study  were 
made  available  in  1917  and  1918. 

From  the  Geological  Survey  was  transferred  one  of  the 
most  important  of  the  bureau's  activies;  namely,  the  testing 
and  analysis  of  coals,  lignite,  and  other  mineral  fuels  pur- 
chased under  specification  for  the  use  of  the  government,  to 
ascertain  whether  those  fuels  conform  to  the  contract  stipula- 
tions under  which  they  were  purchased.  This  involves  samp- 
ling, laboratory  tests  and  analysis,  and  steaming  tests.  The 
direct  results  have  been  a  saving  in  government  fuel  outlays 
and  a  more  adequate  set  of  specifications.  Many  cities  and 
a  number  of  states  as  well  as  private  corporations  have  fol- 
lowed the  plans  adopted  by  the  national  government  in  their 
purchases  of  fuel. 

The  investigation  of  coals,  lignite,  and  other  mineral  fuels 
belonging  to  the  United  States  and  the  manner  in  which  they 
can  be  developed  and  used  to  best  advantage  and  with  least 
waste  is  another  activity  inherited  from  the  Geological  Sur- 
vey and  broadened  and  extended  by  the  bureau.  This  involves 
the  collection  of  samples,  in  cooperation  with  the  Geological 
Survey,  and  elaborate  chemical  and  physical  analyses  and  tests. 
In  1913  the  Director  of  the  bureau  exercised  general  super- 
vision over  an  expedition  to  the  Matanuska  coal  field  in  Alaska 
to  determine  whether  the  coal  was  suitable  for  navy  use;  and 
in  1918  an  engineer  in  the  service  of  the  bureau  was  detailed 
by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  as  a  member  of  a  party  to 


ACTIVITIES  25 

investigate  and  report  on  the  development  of  the  coal  beds 
in  that  field. 

In  1920-21  an  engineer  from  the  bureau  served  on  the 
engineering  staff  of  the  Super  Power  Survey. 

Petroleum  and  Natural  Gas.  From  its  inception,  the 
bureau  has  recognized  the  importance  of  exact  knowledge 
as  to  the  nature  of  petroleum  and  natural  gas,  and  has  carried 
out  investigations  into  the  character  of  the  various  petroleums 
found  throughout  the  United  States  and  the  products  made 
from  them.  It  has  done  this  with  a  view  to  determining  their 
value  and  chemical  composition  and  the  methods  of  utilizing 
them  efficiently  as  power  producers  in  industrial  plants,  on 
ships,  for  motor  vehicles,  and  as  lubricants.  These  investiga- 
tions cover  the  heavier  distillates  of  petroleum  as  well  as  of 
kerosene  and  gasoline.  Studies  have  been  made  of  the  natural 
gas  of  the  oil  fields,  and  special  attention  given  to  the  pos- 
sibility of  recovering  gasoline  and  their  products  on  a  com- 
mercial scale  from  natural  gas  ordinarily  wasted  or  ineffi- 
ciently used.  Attention  has  also  been  given  to  the  possible  loss 
in  the  heating  value  of  natural  gas  through  the  removal  of 
gasoline. 

The  prevention  of  waste  of  petroleum  and  natural  gas  has 
been  the  chief  motive  underlying  the  bureau's  studies  of  pro- 
duction, storage,  and  distribution,  although  the  lessening  of 
the  danger  to  human  life  has  not  been  overlooked.  These 
investigations  have  .had  to  do  with  such  matters  as  types  of 
derricks,  tools,  and  appliances  used  in  well-drilling,  under- 
ground engineering  problems,  the  cementation  process  for  ex- 
cluding water,  the  use  of  mud-laden  fluid  in  drilling  operations 
to  eliminate  the  waste  of  gas  and  oil,  the  capping  of  "gushers" 
and  "gassers,"  the  handling  ~of  producing  wells,  the  use  of 
water  or  compressed  air  to  recover  oil  that  can  not  be  re- 
covered by  the  usual  pumping  methods,  the  separation  of  gas 
and  oil  from  flowing  wells  by  means  of  gas  traps,  the  gaging 
of  oil  walls,  and  the  boring  and  operation  of  oil  and  gas  wells 
through  workable  coal  beds.  The  Bureau  of  Mines  had  also 


26  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

carried  out  many  investigations  in  the  field  and  has  worked 
with  operators  in  California,  Kansas,  Oklahoma,  Texas, 
Louisiana,  Wyoming,  Illinois,  and  West  Virginia  in  over- 
coming local  operating  problems  and  demonstrating  methods 
of  conservation. 

In  1920  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  appointed  the  Director 
of  the  bureau  chairman  of  a  committee  to  make  a  study  of  the 
natural  gas  situation  throughout  the  United  States,  and  to 
formulate  recommendations  for  conserving  the  supply.  The 
importance  of  this  work  is  indicated  by  the  fact  that  the 
bureau's  investigations  have  shown  that  the  annual  waste  of 
petroleum  and  natural  gas  amounts  to  billions  of  dollars. 

Included  in  this  figure  are  the  losses  of  great  magnitude 
in  the  storage  of  petroleum  and  petroleum  products  through 
seepage,  bottom  sediments,  evaporation,  and  fire.  Studies 
have  therefore  been  made  of  storage  methods,  and  designs  for 
improved  reservoirs  and  tanks  have  been  prepared.  Fires  at 
oil  wells  and  tanks  have  been  investigated  and  better  methods 
of  prevention  and  extinguishing  proposed.  Problems  deal- 
ing with  the  transportation  of  oil  both  by  railroad  and  by 
pipe  line  have  been  solved. 

As  an  aid  to  oil  operators  the  bureau  has  made  a  detailed 
study  of  the  decline  and  ultimate  production  of  oil  properties, 
thereby  providing  the  means  for  appraising  oil  properties  and 
estimating  the  oil  that  may  be  obtained  from  prospective  oil 
properties  or  from  producing  oil  properties.  As  a  further 
aid  it  has  made  available  the  result  of  a  study  of  cost  accounts 
for  oil  producers. 

For  the  Bureau  of  Internal  Revenue,  the  Bureau  of  Mines 
has  developed  new  principles  and  methods  of  evaluating  oil 
and  gas  lands  for  taxation.  These  methods  have  been  gener- 
ally adopted.  For  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  it  has  made 
a  special  study  of  the  value  of  the  natural  gas  in  various  fields, 
and  prepared  operating  regulations  for  oil  and  gas  wells  on 
government-leased  land  under  the  Leasing  Act  of  February  21, 
1920  (41  Stat.  L.,  437,  441). 


ACTIVITIES  27 

Refinery  practice  also  comes  within  the  scope  of  the  bureau's 
activities.  To  facilitate  this  work,  cooperative  relations  were 
established  with  a  large  number  of  scientific  societies,  and  an 
experimental  refinery  has  been  constructed  and  is  in  operation. 
Particular  attention  has  been  given  to  the  extraction  of  gas- 
oline from  petroleum,  natural  gas,  and  oil-bearing  shales. 
One  result  of  this  work  was  the  development  of  a  new  process 
for  the  production  of  gasoline,  benzene,  and  toluene  from  pe- 
troleum. Special  methods  for  treating  benzene  and  toluol  for 
use  in  the  dye  and  explosive  industries  have  also  been  devised. 

A  related  investigation  is  concerned  with  the  recovery  of 
oils  and  various  by-products  therefrom  from  oil  shales  found 
in  great  abundance  in  Utah,  Colorado,  and  Wyoming.  In 
addition  to  studies  of  the  quality  and  the  yields  of  oil  and 
by-products  from  various  oil  shales  of  the  United  States,  com- 
plete laboratory  investigations  of  these  products  have  been 
made.  Work  to  determine  what  refining  processes  will  be 
most  satisfactory  for  American  shales  is  being  carried  on,  and 
prospective  operators  are  advised  from  time  to  time  as  to 
the  actual  status  of  the  American  oil-shale  industry. 

Since  1918  the  bureau  has  collected  statistics  showing  the 
amount  of  oil  run  to  the  stills,  the  refineries  throughout  the 
United  States,  and  the  output  and  stocks  of  refined  products, 
such  as  gasoline,  kerosene,  lubricants,  fuel  oil  and  miscella- 
neous oils.  These  figures  are  published  monthly. 

Since  1915  the  bureau  has  prepared  a  series  of  bibliograph- 
ies on  petroleum  and  allied  substances,  with  a  view  to  pre- 
senting annually  references  to  books,  official  reports,  and  im- 
portant articles  in  periodicals.  These  are  issued  monthly  in 
mimeographed  form  and  printed  annually  as  bulletins. 

Reference  has  been  made  to  the  testing  and  analysis  of  fuels 
for  government  use  that  is  currently  performed  by  the  Bureau 
of  Mines.  Among  these  fuels  are  included  petroleum  and 
petroleum  products.  As  early  as  1911  the  bureau  prepared 
and  recommended  for  adoption,  desirable  specifications  for 
petroleum  products,  and  suggested  efficient  methods  of  test- 


28  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

ing  and  utilization.  In  1918  an  Executive  Order  authorized 
the  establishment  of  a  committee  on  the  standardization  of 
specifications  for  petroleum  products.  This  committee,  on 
which  the  bureau  was  represented,  adopted  the  specifications 
for  petroleum  products  now  used  by  the  government.  Field 
examinations  have  been  made  and  technical  and  practical 
advice  has  been  given  to  other  government  bureaus  in  con- 
nection with  the  operations  of  various  oil  properties  on  public 
lands.  In  1915  the  Bureau  of  Mines  began  a  series  of  sur- 
veys of  motor  gasoline  marketed  in  the  United  States,  and 
such  surveys  are  now  made  twice  a  year. 

For  the  use  of  its  engineers  in  connection  with  their 
petroleum  and  natural  gas  investigations,  the  bureau  has  pre- 
pared detail  drawings  covering  oil  and  gas  fields  and  the  loca- 
tion of  wells,  storage  tanks,  and  pipe  lines. 

Upon  the  entrance  of  the  United  States  into  the  World  War 
the  activities  of  the  bureau  in  relation  to  petroleum  became 
more  intense  and  varied.  In  cooperation  with  the  Geological 
Survey  a  report  was  prepared  in  1917  on  the  general  condi- 
tions in  the  petroleum  industry,  to  show  whether  war  needs 
could  be  readily  met.  An  educational  campaign  was  under- 
taken to  eliminate  waste  in  the  use  of  gasoline.  Specifica- 
tions for  the  gasoline  to  be  used  for  aeroplanes  were  prepared 
and  the  grades  of  gasoline  best  adapted  for  different  types 
of  aeroplane  motors  were  determined.  Fuel  submitted  for 
use  in  aeroplane  motors  was  tested.  Technical  advice  was 
given  on  the  boring  of  test  wells  in  England,  and  experts  were 
released  from  the  bureau's  service  to  superintend  the  work 
of  drilling.  Petroleum  engineers  were  also  sent  overseas  to 
serve  on  the  Inter-Allied  Petroleum  Conference  of  the  Allied 
Maritime  Transport  Council,  dealing  with  supplies,  stocks, 
specifications,  storage,  transportation,  and  allocation  of 
petroleum  products  for  the  allied  countries  and  the  American 
Expeditionary  Forces.  In  the  course  of  this  work  active  co- 
operation was  maintained  with  the  Fuel  Administration,  the 
Shipping  Board,  and  the  military  branches  of  the  govern- 


ACTIVITIES  29 

ment.  At  the  cessation  of  active  hostilities,  therefore,  the 
bureau  was  confronted  with  many  additional  problems  that 
had  arisen  during  the  war,  which  were  pressing  for  solution. 
With  increased  appropriations  and  facilities  the  Bureau  ofr 
Mines  is  now  studying  every  branch  of  the  petroleum  indus- 
try from  time  drilling  starts  to  the  time  the  products  are  con- 
sumed. 

Cooperation.  Since  the  mining  and  metallurgical  industries 
are  country-wide  in  extent  and  varied  in  nature  and  in  methods 
of  control,  the  Bureau  of  Mines  has  entered  into  many  co- 
operative agreements  for  the  conduct  of  work  within  its  field. 
These  have  included  other  branches  of  the  national  govern- 
ment, many  state  and  local  governments,  educational  institu- 
tions, scientific  societies,  and  private  agencies  wishing  to 
pursue  a  basic  investigation  of  importance  to  the  whole 
industry.  It  brings  into  this  cooperative  work,  the  view- 
point of  the  engineer  and  metallurgist. 

In  1920  the  bureau  had  formal  cooperative  agreements  with 
state  agencies  in  eleven  states,  twelve  universities,  and  nine- 
teen private  and  semiprivate  agencies.  The  total  amount  of 
money  spent  by  these  outside  agencies  on  cooperative  work 
was  about  $500,000  during  the  fiscal  year  1919-20.  The 
terms  of  the  agreements  necessarily  vary  with  individual 
cases.  The  manner  in  which  they  are  arranged  is  as  follows : 

Some  State,  or  university,  private  or  semiprivate  organiza- 
tion has  problems  in  mining  or  metallurgy  the  solution  of 
which  would  benefit  itself  and  the  public. 

These  outside  agencies  agree  to  pay  part  or  all  of  the  cost, 
both  in  personnel  and  materials,  of  the  investigation,  which 
is  to  be  carried  on  under  the  direction  of  and  according  to 
the  methods  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines. 

The  Bureau  of  Mines  retains  the  right  to  make  public  and 
print  the  results  of  all  such  investigations. 

Congress  in  1920  (Act  of  June  5,  1920;  41  Stat.  L.,  874, 
913)  provided  that  during  the  fiscal  year  1920-21  branches  of 
the  national  government  having  funds  available  for  scientific 


30  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

investigations  within  the  scope  of  the  functions  of  the  Bureau 
of  Mines  which  that  bureau  was  unable  to  perform  within  the 
limits  of  its  appropriations,  with  the  approval  of  the  Secretary 
of  the  Interior,  might  transfer  to  the  Bureau  of  Mines  such 
sums  as  might  be  necessary  to  carry  on  the  work. 

Formal  cooperative  agreements  with  state  agencies  effective 
in  1920  are  listed  as  below: 

University  of  Arizona, — Improvement  of  conditions  in  the 
mining,  quarrying,  metallurgical,  and  miscellaneous  mineral 
industries,  with  special  reference  to  the  treatment  of  low-grade 
copper  ores. 

Industrial  Accident  Commission  of  California, — Improve- 
ment of  conditions  in  mining,  quarrying,  metallurgical,  and 
other  mineral  industries,  safeguarding  life  among  employees, 
and  preventing  unnecessary  waste  of  resources. 

University  of  California, — Improvement  of  conditions  in 
mining,  quarrying,  metallurgical,  and  other  mineral  indus- 
tries, with  special  reference  to  quicksilver  and  the  precious 
metals. 

University  of  Idaho,  and  the  Idaho  Bureau  of  Mines  and 
Geology, — Improvement  of  conditions  in  the  mining,  quarry- 
ing, metallurgical,  and  other  mineral  industries,  with  special 
reference  to  the  losses  that  take  place  in  the  mining  and  mill- 
ing of  lead  and  zinc  ores,  safeguarding  life  among  employees, 
and  preventing  unnecessary  waste  of  resources. 

Colorado1  School  of  Mines, — Recovery  of  values  from  rare 
metals  and  from  low-grade  and  complex  ores. 

Engineering  Experiment  Station  of  the  University  of  Illi- 
nois, and  Illinois  Geological  Survey, — Coal-mining  methods, 
means  of  promoting  the  safety  of  coal  miners,  and  methods  of 
utilizing  coal. 

University  of  Minnesota, — Improvement  of  conditions  in 
the  mining,  quarrying,  metallurgical,  and  other  mineral  indus- 
tries, especially  in  connection  with  the  mining  and  concentra- 
tion of  iron  and  manganese  ores,  safeguarding  life  among 
employees  and  preventing  unnecessary  waste  of  resources. 

New  York  Bridge  and  Tunnel  Commission  and  the  New 
Jersey  Interstate  Bridge  and  Tunnel  Commission, — Investiga- 
tions with  reference  to  exhaust  gases  of  motor  vehicles  and 
the  physiological  effects  of  carbon  monoxide  gas. 

State  of  Oklahoma, — Improvement  of  conditions  in  the  oil 


ACTIVITIES  31 

industry  by  safeguarding  life  among  employees  and  prevent- 
ing unnecessary  waste  of  resources. 

Ohio  State  University, — Increased  efficiency  in  the  utiliza- 
tion of  mineral  substances  necessary  to  the  ceramic  industry, 
stimulating  and  upbuilding  this  industry  and  substituting 
ceramic  products  of  American  manufacture  for  those  now 
imported. 

Oregon  Bureau  of  Mines  and  Geology, — Improvement  of 
conditions  in  the  mining,  quarrying,  metallurgical,  and  other 
mineral  industries,  safeguarding  life  among  employees,  and 
preventing  unnecessary  waste  of  resources. 

Industrial  Commission  of  the  State  of  Utah, — Methods  of 
mining  that  relate  to  health,  sanitation,  and  safety  conditions, 
and  the  appliances  best  adapted  to  prevent  accidents  in  mines, 
mills,  and  smelters;  the  improvement  of  conditions  affecting 
health  and  safety  in  mining,  milling,  and  smelting;  improve- 
ments in  the  use  of  explosives  and  electricity  in  such  opera- 
tions ;  inquiries  and  investigations  relating  to  health,  sanitation, 
and  safety  in  the  mining  and  metallurgical  industries,  and  the 
obtaining  of  prompt  and  reliable  reports  of  accidents  to  per- 
sons in  such  industries. 

State  School  of  Mines  of  the  University  of  Utah, — Re- 
covery of  valuable  mineral  from  low-grade  and  complex  ores, 
the  prevention  of  waste  and  the  increase  of  efficiency  in  the 
preparation,  treatment,  and  utilization  of  mineral  substances. 

University  of  Washington, — Improvement  of  conditions  in 
the  mining,  quarrying,  metallurgical  and  other  mineral  indus- 
tries, with  special  reference  to  mining  and  preparation  of 
coals,  dressing  of  low-grade  ores,  and  electro-metallurgy ;  safe- 
guarding life  among  employees,  and  preventing  unnecessary 
waste  of  resources. 

Administration.  Although  the  Bureau  of  Mines  is  essen- 
tially an  agency  of  investigation  and  research,  certain  adminis- 
trative duties  have  been  imposed  upon  it  which  merit  attention 
in  any  summary  consideration  of  its  activities. 

Inspection  of  Mines  and  Mine  Leases.  By  direction  of  the 
Secretary  of  the  Interior  and  by  virtue  of  the  act  of  March 
3,  1891  (26  Stat.  L.,  1104)  mine  inspection  in  the  territories 
was  placed  in  1910  under  the  supervision  of  the  Director  of 
£he  Bureau  of  Mines,  The  mine  inspector  for  Alaska,  re- 


32  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

ports  through  the  Director  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines  to  the 
Secretary  of  the  Interior.  His  duties  are  necessarily  varied 
in  character,  but  special  attention  is  paid  to  mining  practice 
with  reference  to  safety. 

In  1913,  by  direction  of  the  Secretary,  the  bureau  was  made 
responsible  for  the  inspection  of  coal-mine  leases  on  the  public 
lands,  and  also  for  the  inspection  of  coal,  asphalt,  and  other 
mines  and  of  the  oil  and  gas  wells  on  lands  belonging  to  the 
Indians,  the  latter  being  in  cooperation  with  the  Office  of 
Indian  Affairs. 

Mineral  Land  Leases.  In  1916  the  bureau  cooperated  with 
the  other  bureaus  of  the  Department  of  the  Interior  in  carry- 
ing out  the  provisions  of  an  act  of  Congress  (Act  of  October 
20,  1914;  38  Stat.  L.,  741)  governing  the  leasing  of  coal 
lands  in  Alaska,  the  function  of  the  bureau  representatives 
being  to  recommend  the  proper  division  of  the  land  into  leas- 
ing units,  and  to  assist  in  the  preparation  of  regulations  to 
control  such  leases. 

The  Bureau  of  Mines  prepared  operating  regulations  to 
-govern  the  production  of  oil  and  gas  on  leased  lands  under 
the  provision  of  the  Leasing  Act  of  February  25,  1920  (41 
Stat.  L.,  437)  and  in  November,  1920,  the  Secretary  of  the 
Interior  put  the  bureau  in  immediate  charge  of  the  administra- 
tion of  these  regulations. 

Through  the  Chief  Petroleum  Technologist,  the  Oil  and 
Gas  Supervisor,  and  his  assistants,  the  bureau  supervises  the 
drilling  of  wells  and  the  production  of  oil  and  gas  on  public 
lands  covered  by  this  act,  and  in  addition  gages  all  oil  and 
computes  royalties  due  the  government.  Although  this  work 
has  only  begun,  it  is  estimated  that  the  Government's  royalty 
during  the  first  year  will  amount  to  over  six  million  dollars. 
Public  lands  subject  to  the  leasing  act  are  located  in  at  least 
fourteen  states  and  in  Alaska.  To  care  for  this  work  there 
is  an  organization  of  twenty-five  petroleum  engineers,  expert 
drillers,  gagers,  and  clerks.  The  office  of  the  Chief  Oil  Super- 
visor is,  in.  Denver,  and  there  are  district  offices  at  Caspar 


ACTIVITIES  33 

(Wyo.),  Winnett  (Mont),  Bakersfield  (Calif.),  and  Shreves- 
port  (La.).  Recently  the  inspection  and  oversight  of  the 
operations  on  the  Naval  Reserve  Oil  Lands  in  California  has 
been  turned  over  to  the  Bureau  of  Mines. 

On  April  30,  1921,  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  approved 
operating  regulations,  prepared  by  the  bureau,  to  govern  coal- 
mining methods  and  the  safety  and  health  of  miners  on  leased 
lands,  and  charged  the  bureau  with  the  duty  of  administering 
the  regulations. 

Supervision  of  mining  operations,  involving  coal,  phos- 
phate, oil  shale,  and  sodium  is  for  the  present  conducted 
through  a  District  Mining  Supervisor,  with  an  office  in  Den- 
ver, under  the  direction  of  the  Chief  Mining  Engineer. 

Explosives  Regulation.  In  1917  Congress  passed  the  Ex- 
plosives Regulation  Act  (Act  of  October  6,  1917;  40  Stat.  L., 
388)  to  govern  the  manufacture,  distribution,  storage,  use 
or  possession  of  explosives  and  their  ingredients,  the  purpose 
being  to  protect  the  citizens  and  industries  of  the  country  from 
the  careless  or  malicious  use  of  explosives.  Under  this  act, 
the  Director  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines  was  authorized  to  issue 
and  revoke  licenses  for  importers,  exporters,  manufacturers, 
dealers  in  and  users  of  explosives,  and  generally  to  direct  the 
administrative  organization  set  up  for  the  purpose  of  control, 
and,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior, 
to  frame  the  necessary  rules  and  regulations.  He  was  also 
authorized  to  investigate  all  explosions  and  fires  in  places  in 
which  explosive  substances  were  made,  stored,  transported, 
or  used,  and  in  case  of  evidence  of  wilful  act  to  take  appro- 
priate action.  This  act  was  declared  to  be  effective  "when  the 
United  States  is  at  war,"  but  following  the  armistice  the 
licence  requirements  were  relaxed  with  the  idea  of  relieving 
normal  industry  from  restrictions  no  longer  necessary;  and 
under  a  joint  resolution  approved  March  3,  1921  (41  Stat. 
L.,  1359),  this  act  terminated. 

Utilization  of  Surplus  War  Department  Explosives.  Upon 
representations  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  following  tests 


34  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

made  by  the  Bureau  of  Mines  to  determine  the  suitability  of 
the  explosives  for  engineering  work,  the  War  Department  in 
1918  turned  over  to  the  Department  of  the  Interior  about 
30,000,000  pounds  of  trinitrotoluol  ("T  N  T")  and  other 
explosives  to  be  used  on  construction  work  of  the  national 
government.  The  Secretary  of  the  Interior  delegated  to  the 
Director  of  the  Bureau,  the  supervision  of  the  apportionment 
of  these  explosives  among  the  several  branches  of  the  gov- 
ernment. 

By  an  amendment  (Act  of  July  i,  1918;  40  Stat.  L.,  671) 
to  the  Explosives  Regulation  Act,  the  Director  of  the  Bureau, 
under  rules  and  regulations  approved  by  the  Secretary  of  the 
Interior,  was  authorized,  during  the  period  of  the  war,  to 
limit  by  license  the  sale,  possession,  and  use  of  platinum,  pal- 
ladium, and  iridium  and  compounds  thereof,  because  of  the 
need  of  these  metals  in  the  equipment  of  plants  manufacturing 
chemicals  used  in  the  production  of  explosives.  Following 
the  armistice,  restrictions  were  removed. 

War  Minerals  Relief.  By  an  amendment  (Act  of  March 
2,  1919;  40  Stat.  L.,  1273)  to  the  War  Minerals  Control  Act 
of  October  3,  1918,  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  was  author- 
ized to  examine  claims  and  pay  off  financial  losses  of  the  pro- 
ducers of  manganese,  chrome,  pyrite,  and  tungsten,  where  it 
could  be  shown  that  the  production  had  taken  place  as  a  result 
of  government  action.  Under  this  act  a  War  Minerals  Relief 
Commission  was  appointed,  and  the  Director  of  the  Bureau 
of  Mines  was  authorized  to  appoint  engineers  and  other  force 
to  conduct  field  engineering  and  accounting  investigations 
needed  for  proper  adjudication  of  the  various  claims,  and  also 
the  office  routine  and  administrative  work  of  the  commission. 

There  were  filed  under  this  act  1284  claims,  of  which 
seventy-seven  were  delinquent,  having  been  filed  subsequent  to 
June  2,  1919. 

Operation  of  the  Government  Fuel  Yard.  In  1918  Con- 
gress authorized  the  establishment  of  a  Government  Fuel  Yard 
in  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  the  purchase  of  all  coal  for 


ACTIVITIES  35 

plants  of  the  national  and  district  governments  in  and  near 
the  District,  except  the  Navy  Yard  (Act  of  July  i,  1918;  40 
Stat.  L.,  634,672).  The  establishment,  maintenance,  and 
operation  of  this  yard  was  placed  by  the  Secretary  of  the 
Interior  under  the  direction  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines,  and  a 
revolving  fund  was  provided  by  Congress  for  the  financing 
of  the  enterprise.  About  275,000  tons  are  purchased  and  dis- 
tributed each  year.4 

Compilation  of  Mining  Laws  and  Regulations.     The  law 

examining  work  of  the  bureau  has  two  main  purposes :  to 
assemble  and  review  the  laws  and  regulations  most  effective 
in  increasing  health,  safety,  and  efficiency  in  mining,  quarry- 
ing, and  metallurgical  establishments  and  to  facilitate  reason- 
able uniformity  in  legislation  in  the  several  states.  To  this 
end  compilations  have  been  made  of  the  mining  laws  of  the 
United  States,  the  individual  states,  and  foreign  countries. 
Annotations  are  supplied  setting  forth  judicial  interpretations 
and  decisions,  and  the  rulings  of  administrative  authorities. 
Separate  digests  have  been  prepared  of  the  decisions  of  courts 
of  record,  of  the  General  Land  Office,  ^and  of  all  public  offi- 
cers show.ing  the  construction  placed  upon  the  substantive 
laws.  In  1913  the  first  of  a  series  of  bulletins  of  abstracts 
of  current  decisions  was  issued.  In  1915  a  two-volume  com- 
pilation of  United  States  mining  statutes  from  1785  to  1914 
was  published.  Supplementing  this  work  is  a  series  of  bul- 
letins of  the  annotated  statutes  of  the  separate  states,  the  first 
of  which,  relating  to  California,  was  issued  in  1918.  In 
1920  a  compilation  was  made  of  the  state  laws  governing  the 
use  of  electricity  in  mines.  In  1921  a  compilation  was  made 
of  the  petroleum  laws  of  the  several  states  of  the  United  States 
and  of  the  other  countries  of  North  and  South  America. 

War  Activities.  As  soon  as  the  entrance  of  the  United 
States  into  the  war  seemed  inevitable,  the  Bureau  of  Mines 

4  See  Senate  Select  Committee  on  Reconstruction  and  Production, 
Hearings,  p.  2063-80  (1921). 

5  See  also  War  Work  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines,  Bulletin  178. 


36  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

sought  to  render  such  special  services  in  the  emergency  as 
were  within  the  scope  of  its  equipment  and  personnel.  In 
order  to  enable  the  government  to  make  the  best  use  of  the 
country's  technical  experts,  the  bureau  at  the  request  of  the 
Council  of  National  Defense  cooperated  in  taking  a  census 
of  chemists,  metallurgists,  and  mining  engineers.  By  reason 
of  its  experience  in  investigating  deadly  mine  gases  and  the 
methods  of  protecting  miners  from  them,  the  bureau  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1917,  began  a  study  of  gas  masks  and  rescue  appar- 
atus for  military  and  naval  purposes.  This  work,  quickly 
supplemented  by  the  study  of  war  gases  and  smokes  and 
methods  of  manufacturing  them,  led  to  the  establishment  of 
a  special  experiment  station  and  the  enrollment  of  a  research 
staff  of  more  than  700  chemists.  All  the  work  for  the  Army 
and  Navy  at  this  experiment  station  was  in  direct  charge  of 
the  Bureau  of  Mines  until  July  i,  1918,  when  its  control  was 
transferred  to  the  War  Department  by  order  of  the  President. 
In  cooperation  with  the  War  and  Navy  Departments,  in- 
vestigation was  made  of  helium  as  a  non-inflammable  lifting 
gas  for  balloons,  and  a  commercial  plant  for  recovering  helium 
from  natural  gas  wals  designed,  constructed,  and  placed  in 
operation,  under  the  supervision  of  the  bureau's  chemists. 
Work  is  now  under  way  on  perfecting  mechanical  details 
for  maximum  recovery  and  purity,  studying  the  properties 
of  gases  at  low  temperature  with  special  reference  to  separa- 
tion of  helium  from  natural  gas,  and  on  methods  for  storing 
helium  in  large  quantites  for  future  use.  A  study  was  made 
of  methods  of  fixating  atmospheric  nitrogen  and  of  oxidizing 
ammonia  in  order  to  manufacture  nitrates  needed  in  agri- 
culture and  for  explosives,  and  the  design  of  apparatus  and 
plants  for  the  oxidation  of  ammonia;  and  special  investiga- 
tions were  made  of  minerals  and  metals  needed  in  the  pro- 
duction of  military  supplies.  The  bureau  cooperated  in  the 
preparation  and  editing  of  a  series  of  papers  on  the  political 
and  commercial  control  of  minerals,  these  papers  being  com- 
piled for  use  by  the  economic  advisers  of  the  American  dele- 
gation to  the  Peace  Conference. 


CHAPTER  III 
ORGANIZATION 

The  Bureau  of  Mines  is  under  the  supervision  of  a  Director 
who  is  appointed  by  the  President  subject  to  confirmation  by 
the  Senate.  The  Director  is  directly  responsible  to  the  Sec- 
retary of  the  Interior.  Under  the  organic  act  he  must  be 
"thoroughly  equipped  for  the  duties  of  said  office  by  technical 
education  and  experience."  His  salary  is  $6000,  fixed  by 
statute.  The  organic  act  provides  also  for  a  subordinate  per- 
sonnel, namely,  "such  experts  and  other  employes,  to  be  ap- 
pointed by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  as  may  be  required 
to  carry  out  the  purposes  of  this  act  in  accordance  with  the 
appropriations  made  from  time  to  time  by  Congress  for  such 
purposes."  It  further  provides  a  general  limitation:  that  "in 
conducting  inquiries  and  investigations  authorized  by  this  act 
neither  the  Director  nor  any  member  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines 
shall  have  any  personal  or  private  interest  in  any  mine  or  the 
products  of  any  mine  under  investigation,  or  shall  accept 
employment  from  any  private  party  for  services  in  the  exam- 
ination of  any  mine  or  private  mineral  property,  or  issue  any 
report  as  to  the  valuation  or  the  management  of  any  mine  or 
other  private  mineral  property'1';  but  this  is  qualified  by  the 
authorization  to  employ  temporarily,  at  a  maximum  per  diem 
compensation  of  ten  dollars,  "in  a  consulting  capacity  or  in 
the  investigation  of  special  subjects,  any  engineer  or  other 
expert  whose  principal  professional  practice  is  outside  of  such 
employment." 

On  August  15,  1921,  there  were  786  employees  on  duty, 
of  whom  532  were  in  the  "classified  service."  a 

The  bureau  was  reorganized  on  August  i,  1919,  according 

1  List  of  positions,  salary  rates,  and  personnel  appears  in  Appen- 
dix I. 

37 


38  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

to  the  principles  set  forth  in  the  following  paragraphs  from 
the  Director's  general  order  of  that  date: 

The  work  intrusted  to  the  Bureau  involves  matters  both  of 
business  and  of  investigation.  This  necessitates  that  there 
shall  be  both  administrative  and  technical  control.  In  some 
matters,  there  is  necessity  for  only  the  minimum  of  technical 
control  since  the  work  is  either  non-technical  in  character  or 
follows  established  routine.  In  matters  primarily  investiga- 
tive, it  is  desirable  that  the  minimum  of  non-technical  adminis- 
trative control  be  exercised.  For  this  reason  the  investigative 
work  is  set  off  as  much  as  possible  from  the  other  work  of 
the  Bureau.  The  Bureau  will,  therefore,  be  organized  with 
Investigations  and  Operations  Branches  with  suitable  subor- 
dinate divisions  and  sections,  and  so  far  as  possible,  work 
and  personnel  will  be  assigned  to  one  or  the  other.  It  will 
be  necessary  in  certain  instances  that  the  work  be  cooperative 
as  between  sections,  divisions,  or  branches,  or  that  a  member 
of  the  Bureau  may  work  for  a  period  or  regularly  for  part 
time  with  more  than  one  section  or  division.  In  all  cases  the 
officers  of  the  Bureau  are  charged  with  the  duty  of  marking 
out  a  clear  line  of  responsibility  in  regard  both  to  administra- 
tion and  technical  control,  subject  to  the  authority  and  final 
approval  of  the  Director.  Allotments  and  transfers  of  funds 
will  be  made  for  the  various  divisions  of  the  work  only  on 
authority  of  the  Director. 

It  is  recognized,  further  that  the  character  of  and  personnel 
engaged  in  investigation  and  research  work  is  constantly  chang- 
ing. Problems  are  finished  and  new  problems  often  inviting 
new  policies  and  direction,  are  constantly  being  entered  into. 
An  investigation  undertaken  in  one  division  or  with  a  par- 
ticular object  in  view  may  develop  to  be  of  major  interest 
in  some  other  division  or  field  of  the  industry. 

There  are,  therefore,  the  following  three  departments  of 
the  bureau's  work: 

General  Administration 
Operations  Branch 
Investigations  Branch 

To  insure  cooperation  throughout  tfie  bureau,  each  division 
has  an  advisory  committee  representing  related  services  within 
the  bureau  organization. 


ORGANIZATION  39 

General  Administration.     Administrative  work  of  a  gen- 
eral nature  is  conducted  through  the   following  units: 

Office  Proper  of  the  Director 

Office  of  the  Assistant  Director 

Office  of  the  Assistant  to  the  Director 
Office  Proper  of  the  Director.  At  the  head  of  the  service 
is  the  Director,  who  exercises  general  control  over  and  coordi- 
nates the  work  of  investigation  and  research.  In  the  case 
of  technical  work  not  specifically  assigned,  the  Director  exer- 
cises immediate  supervision. 

Office  of  the  Assistant  Director.  The  position  of  Assis- 
tant Director  was  created  in  1913  to  handle  such  features  of 
the  administrative  work  as  the  Director  might  assign.  Under 
the  new  organization  the  Assistant  Director  is  in  immediate 
charge  of  the  Investigations  Branch,  and  responsible  to  the 
Director  for  the  final  selection  of  problems,  determination 
of  the  scope  of  investigations,  choice  of  methods  of  study, 
inspection  of  work  in  progress,  and  criticism  of  results. 
Subject  to  appeal  to  the  Director,  he  has  veto  power  over  the 
choice  of  personnel  engaged  on  scientific  or  technical  duties 
and  the  assignment  of  problems  by  superintendents  of  mining 
experiment  stations  and  division  chiefs. 

Office  of  the  Assistant  to  the  Director.  Under  the  reor- 
ganization of  August  i,  1919,  the  Assistant  to  the  Director 
is  in  direct  charge  of  the  Operations  Branch,  and  responsible 
to  the  Director  for  all  of  the  non-research  or  business  work 
of  the  bureau. 

Operations  Branch.  The  Operations  Branch,  under  the 
immediate  supervision  of  the  Assistant  to  the  Director,  in- 
cludes the  following  divisions: 

Division  of  Office  Administration 
Division  of  Education  and  Information 
Division  of  Mine-rescue  Cars  and  Stations 
Government  Fuel  Yard 
Division  of  Office  Administration.     At  the  head   of  the 


40  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

Division  of  Office  Administration  is  the  Chief  Clerk,  who  has 
charge  of  routine  administrative  matters  at  the  central  office 
and  control  of  the  methods  of  office  administration  at  all 
stations  and  field  offices  as  well  as  advisory  responsibility  as 
to  bureau  personnel,  pay,  and  promotion  of  clerical  and  labor 
employees'  throughout  the  bureau.  This  division  is  composed 
of  the  following  sections : 

Personnel 

Accounts 

Legal 

Mails  and  Files 

Property  and  Shipments 

Mimeograph 

The  Personnel  Section  (which  is  actually  the  Chief  Clerk's 
office  acting  as  a  "section"  only  in  name)  handles  all  corres- 
pondence relating  to  appointments,  leaves  of  absence,  appli- 
cations for  transfer,  and  the  maintenance  of  records  relating 
thereto,  as  well  as  the  compilation  of  miscellaneous  tabular 
statements  regarding  personnel  and  such  current  reports  as 
may  be  required  from  time  to  time. 

The  Section  of  Accounts  is  responsible  for  all  matters  re- 
lating to  accounting  and  auditing  work  of  the  bureau.  It 
keeps  appropriation  and  allotment  records,  and  prepares 
monthly  statements  for  the  information  of  the  officers  respon- 
sible for  work  under  the  various  allotments.  It  examines  all 
accounts  presented  for  payment  and  passes  on  all  vouchers 
payable. 

The  Legal  Section  prepares  and  examines  contracts,  leases, 
and  agreements,  correspondence  relating  to  legal  matters  and 
United  States  mining  laws,  communications  to  the  Attorney 
General  and  the  Comptroller-General;  follows  legislation 
in  Congress  of  interest  to  the  bureau;  assists  in  drafting 
proposed  legislation  in  which  the  bureau  is  interested;  and 
prepares  legal  opinions  for  guidance  of  administrative  and 
accounting  officers. 

The  duties  of  the  Section  of  Mails  and  Files  consist  of 


ORGANIZATION  41 

receiving,  opening,  and  distributing  all  incoming  mail  to  the 
various  divisions  and  employees  of  the  service,  and  handling 
of  all  outgoing  mail,  and  the  maintenance  of  correspondence 
and  data  files.  The  messenger  force  is  under  the  direction  of 
this  section. 

The  Section  of  Property  and  Shipments  keeps  a  record  of 
location  and  condition  of  all  non-expendable  property  of  the 
bureau;  ships  and  receives  all  express  and  freight  of  the 
Washington  office ;  and  directs  the  labor  force  in  that  office. 

The  Mimeograph  Section  is  a  service  unit  for  the  work 
done  on  the  following  machines :  mimeograph,  multigraph, 
mimescope,  photostat,  blueprint  machine,  addressograph,  ad- 
dressing machine,  graphotype,  paper  cutting-machine',  paper- 
trimming  machine,  stitching  machine,  and  sealing  machine. 

Division  of  Education  and  Information.  In  1919  the  fol- 
lowing sections  of  the  bureau's  work  were  assembled  in  a 
new  Division  of  Education  and  Information,  with  a  mining 
engineer  in  charge: 

Editorial 

Publications 

Library 

Reference  Files 

Motion  Pictures  and  Exhibits 

Statistical 

Codification  of  Mining  Laws 

This  division  was  created  because  Section  2  of  the  organic 
act  creating  the  bureau  enjoins  it  "to  disseminate  informa- 
tion concerning  these  subjects  [mining  and  preparation, 
treatment,  and  utilization  of  mineral  substances]  in  such  man- 
ner as  will  best  carry  out  the  purpose  of  this  act." 

The  dissemination  of  scientific  information  is  obviously  a 
function  quite  distinct  from  that  involved  in  the  securing  of 
such  information  through  investigation  and  study  and  re- 
quires a  different  type  of  experience  and  ability.  The  work 
of  the  bureau  in  the  production  of  new  information  through 
research  and  study  had  grown  to  such  an  extent  that  it 


42  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

called  for  a  better  organization  and  equipment  for  the  dis- 
semination of  the  results  of  its  investigations.  An  addi- 
tional reason  for  giving  greater  attention  to  this  phase  of  the 
bureau',s  work  is  the  fact  that  the  increase  in  the  cost  of 
paper  and  of  labor  had  led  to  a  great  increase  in  the  expense 
of  dissemination  through  printed  publications. 

The  chief  of  this  division  is  responsible  for  establishing 
and  maintaining  contact  with  other  branches  of  the  national 
government  and  with  the  public.  He  makes  recommendations 
as  to  the  nature  and  scope  of  publications  and  exhibits,  and 
for  putting  the  results  of  investigations  into  serviceable  form 
for  government  departments,  cooperating  agencies,  and  the 
general  public. 

The  Editorial  Section,  which  is  conducted  by  an  engineer, 
is  responsible  for  the  editing  of  manuscripts  and  other  official 
matter  released  for  printing,  and  the  determination  of  en- 
graving processes  and  methods  of  illustration  to  be  used  in 
publications.  The  results  of  the  bureau's  investigations  and 
researches  appear  not  only  in  the  official  publications,  but  also 
in  part  in  the  technical  press. 

Brief  reports  on  minor  investigations  or  important  phases 
of  principal  investigations  are  assembled  and  prepared  for 
issuance  under  the  direct  supervision  of  the  chief  of  the  divi- 
sion, by  an  engineer  on  the  staff  of  his  personal  office. 

The  Publications  Section  is  concerned  with  the  distribution 
of  the  publications  showing  the  results  of  the  bureau's  activ- 
ities and  with  the  dissemination  of  information  helpful  to  the 
mining  interests  and  mine  workers.  These  publications  in- 
clude Bulletins,  Technical  Papers,  Miners'  Circulars,  and  other 
printed  or  mimeographed  articles  and  reports.  A  major  func- 
tion of  the  Publications  Section  is  the  answering  of  general 
letters  of  inquiry  addressed  to  the  bureau  on  all  phases  of  the 
mineral  industry.  About  one  hundred  thousand  letters  are 
received  by  this  section  annually;  most  of  them  are  answered 
in  the  section  and  a  few  are  referred  to  the  technical  divisions 
for  a  more  detailed  reply. 


ORGANIZATION  43 

The  Section  of  Motion  Pictures  and  Exhibits  arranges  for 
and  manages  exhibits  made  by  the  bureau  at  national  and 
international  expositions;  secures  cooperation  of  mineral  in- 
dustry companies  and  individuals,  and  arranges  for  and  directs 
the  production  of  educational  motion  pictures  relating  to  the 
mineral  industry,  and  also  for  the  showing  of  the  bureau's 
motion  pictures  before  audiences  connected  with  or  interested 
in  the  mineral  industry.  The  use  of  motion  pictures  is  an 
important  feature  in  the  work  of  promoting  health  and  safety 
among  miners.  Most  of  the  films  have  been  produced  with 
little  or  no  expense  to  the  bureau. 

The  Section  of  Statistics  compiles  for  issuance  annually 
reports  on  accidents  in  coal  mines,  metal  mines,  quarries,  and 
metallurgical  plants.  These  reports  contain  data  showing  by 
states  the  number  of  workers  in  the  industry,  the  number  and 
causes  of  fatal  accidents,  and  (except  for  coal  mines)  the 
number  and  causes  of  non- fatal  injuries,  as  well  as  comparable 
accident  rates  and  other  accident  data  interpretations.  The 
section  also  compiles  for  issuance  annually  figures  showing  the 
quantity  of  explosives  of  different  kinds  used  in  each  state  in 
coal  and  other  mining  work. 

The  work  of  the  Section  of  Codification  of  Mining  Laws 
is  indicated  by  its  title  and  has  been  previously  described. 

The  Library  collects,  maintains,  and  makes  available  for 
the  use  of  bureau  employees  and  other  persons,  printed  matter 
relating  to  subjects  with  which  the  bureau  is  concerned.  Its 
service  includes  the  Washington  office  and  field  stations  and 
offices.  There  are  branch  libraries  at  the  experiment  stations. 
The  various  collections  number  about  17,500  volumes. 

The  Reference  Files  Section  maintains  a  general  reference 
and  technical  information  file  on  matters  pertaining  to  the 
mining  and  mineral  industries. 

Division  of  Mine-rescue  Cars  and  Stations.  The  work  of 
the  mine-rescue  cars  and  stations  was  transferred  in  1919 
from  the  Mining  Division  to  a  new  Division  of  Mine-rescue 
Cars  and  Stations,  under  a  mining  engineer  with  headquarters 


44  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

at  Pittsburgh  (Pa.).  This  division  is  charged  with  the  opera- 
tion of  all  mine-rescue  cars  and  stations,  the  rendering  of 
assistance  at  mine  explosions,  fires,  and  other  accidents,  the 
testing  and  development  of  mine-rescue  apparatus,  the  train- 
ing of  miners  in  first-aid  and  rescue  methods,  and  the  conduct 
of  firstnaid  and  rescue  contests. 

When  not  engaged  in  rescue  and  first-aid  work,  engineers 
of  this  division  may  be  assigned  to  investigative  work  under 
the  Mining  Division.  Similarly,  engineers  in  the  Mining  Divi- 
sion may  be  assigned  to  rescue  and  first-aid  work. 

For  purposes  of  safety  work  the  country  is  divided  into 
safety  districts,  each  with  a  district  engineer  in  charge. 
These  districts  and  their  headquarters  are: 

District  Headquarters 

A.  Northern  Appalachian,  Pittsburgh,   Pa. 

B.  Southern  Appalachian,  Birmingham,  Ala. 

C.  Eastern  Interior,  Vincennes,    Ind. 

D.  Lake  Superior,  Minneapolis,    Minn. 

E.  Southwestern,  McAlester,   Okla. 

F.  Rocky  Mountain,  Denver,   Colo. 

G.  Northern  Rocky  Mountain  (or  Inter-     Salt  Lake,   Utah. 

mountain) 

H.  Northern  Pacific,  Seattle,  Wash.2 

I.    Southern   Pacific,  Berkeley,  Calif. 

There  are  also  ten  mine-rescue  stations  distributed  through- 
out the  mining  districts,  as  follows : 

District  Station  Special   Equipment  Established 

A.         Pittsburgh,  Pa.          Training    gallery;    motor 

rescue    truck  (1908) 

A.       Wilkes-Barre,   Pa.  (1920) 

A.  Norton,  Va.  Motor  rescue  truck  (1910) 

B.  Birmingham,  Ala.  (1909  and  1918) 

B.  Knoxville,    Tenn.      Motor  rescue  truck  (1918) 

C.  Vincennes,   Ind.          Training    gallery;    motor 

truck  (1918) 

C.       Evansville,    Ind.         Training  gallery  (1910) 
E.       McAlester,    Okla.      Training    gallery;    motor 

H.       Seattle,   Wash.  truck  (1909) 

I.        Berkeley,  Calif.  Motor  rescue  truck  (1919) 

The  bureau  operates  ten  mine-rescue  cars,  which  are  dis- 
tributed as  follows : 

2  Temporary  headquarters  at  Denver, 


ORGANIZATION  45 

District  Car.  No.  Headquarters 

A.  3  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

A.  8  Huntington,  W.  Va. 

C.  9  Terre  Haute,  Ind. 

C.  7  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

D.  10  Ironwood,  Mich. 

E.  4  Pittsburgh,  Kans. 

F.  2  Raton,  N.  Mex. 

G.  ii  Rock  Springs,  Wyo. 
H.                       5                       Butte,  Mont. 

I.  I  Reno,  Nev. 

Cars  i,  2,  5,  9,  10,  and  n  are  all-steel  cars  purchased  since 
1917.  Cars  3,  4,  7,  and  8  are  old  wooden  Pullman  cars  se- 
cured in  1910.  Car  6,  an  old  wooden  Pullman  car,  was  worn 
out  and  retired  from  service  in  1919. 

Government  Fuel  Yard.  The  maintenance  and  operation  of 
the  Government  Fuel  Yard  at  Washington  is  entrusted  to  a 
chief  engineer.  This  yard  was  begun  in  1918  and  the  installa- 
tion was  completed  in  1919.  It  supplies  coal  to  all  national 
and  municipal  plants,  except  the  Navy  Yard,  within  and  near 
the  District  of  Columbia, — the  distribution  points  being  over 
seven  hundred  in  number.3 

Investigations  Branch.  In  the  Investigations  Branch  are 
grouped  the  several  technical  divisions  and  also  the  division  of 
mining  experiment  stations  and  field  offices,  all  under  the 
immediate  jurisdiction  of  the  Assistant  Director.  The  divi- 
sions are  as  follows: 

Mining 

Mineral  Technology 

Metallurgy 

Fuels 

Petroleum  and  Natural  Gas 

Mining  Experiment  Stations 

The  chief  of  each  technical  division  acts  as  a  consulting 
engineer  on  the  problems  germane  to  his  work  arising  in  any 
division,  and  as  such  he  is  consulted  directly  by  all  other 
division  chiefs,  section  chiefs,  district  engineers,  and  station 

3  This  yard  is  particularly  described  in  Annual  Report,  1920,  pp. 
I37-49- 


46  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

superintendents.  He  advises  with  administrative  officers  as 
to  the  qualifications  of  personnel  to  whom  such  problems  may 
be  assigned  and  the  methods  of  investigation  to  be  employed, 
and  he  makes  inspections  of  investigation  work  in  progress. 
He  also  passes  on  all  reports  of  investigations  in  his  field 
submitted  for  publication.  Each  division  chief  is  also  subject 
to  assignment  by  the  Director  to  the  administration  as  well 
as  technical  control  of  work  of  a  special  nature  within  the 
field  of  his  special  knowledge. 

Chief  Surgeon.  The  office  of  Chief  Surgeon  was  created 
in  February,  1920,  with  headquarters  in  Washington,  attached 
to  the  Investigations  Branch.  The  medical  personnel,  includ- 
ing the  Chief  Surgeon,  is  detailed  from  the  United  States 
Public  Health  Service  under  a  cooperative  agreement.  This 
arrangement  succeeded  a  slightly  different  form  of  cooperation 
between  the  two  bureaus  for  the  study  of  accidents  and  health 
hazards  in  mining. 

The  investigative  work  of  the  Chief  Surgeon's  office  con- 
sists of  a  study  of  all  the  health  hazards  of  the  mining,  quarry- 
ing, metallurgical,  and  allied  industries.  The  problems  for 
investigation  are  assigned  by  the  Director  according  to  their 
relative  urgency  or  importance. 

The  investigations  are  carried  on  at  the  various  experiment 
stations  of  the  bureau  and  in  the  field.  Practically  all  the 
investigations  are  made  in  cooperation  with  bureau  engineers. 
From  time  to  time  consulting  surgeons,  physiologists,  and 
other  specialists  are  employed  to  study  some  of  the  problems 
or  to  assist  or  advise  the  regular  personnel  in  making  in- 
vestigations. 

Mining  Division.  The  field  of  work  of  the  Mining  Divi- 
sion includes  all  investigations  relating  to  the  mining  and 
preparation  of  coal  at  the  mine;  all  investigations  dealing 
with  metal  mining  engineering  problems  in  production  and 
such  associated  matters  as  the  Director  may  assign;  the  test- 
ing and  use  of  explosives;  safety  in  mines,  quarries,  mills, 
smelters,  and  other  works,  including  the  use  of  safety  devices 


ORGANIZATION  47 

and  appliances  in  and  around  mines.  The  administrative  head 
is  the  Chief  Mining  Engineer,  stationed  at  Washington,  who 
has  a  mining  engineer  as  an  assistant.  Coal-mining  investiga- 
tions are  directed  by  a  Coal-Mining  Engineer  and  explosives 
investigations  by  an  Explosives  Engineer,  both  stationed  at 
Pittsburgh  and  reporting  to  the  Chief  Mining  Engineer.  Con- 
sulting engineers  and  chemists,  are  employed  from  time  to 
time.  The  division  advisory  committee  is  made  up  of  the 
Chief  Mechanical  Engineer,  the  Chief  Mineral  Technologist, 
the  Chief  Metallurgist,  the  Supervisor  of  Stations,  the  Chief 
of  the  Division  of  Mine-Rescue  Cars  and  Stations,  and  the 
Chief  Explosives  Chemist.  The  Federal  Mine  Inspector  for 
Alaska  and  the  mining  supervisors  on  coal  and  certain  other 
mines  on  the  public  domain  serve  under  the  Chief  Mining 
Engineer. 

While  the  division  headquarters  is  Washington,  much  of 
the  work  is  done  at  experiment  stations,  particularly  Pitts- 
burgh, and  in  the  field.  Field  investigations  are  conducted  by 
field  engineers  through  the  district  engineers.  For  this  purpose 
the  country  is  divided  into  nine  mining  districts,  which  are 
identical  with  the  mine-safety  districts  already  described  4  and 
under  the  same  district  engineers.  The  district  engineer  in 
charge  of  the  Rocky  Mountain  District  is  also  Supervising 
Mining  Engineer  on  technical  investigations  in  the  four  west- 
ern districts. 

Division  of  Mineral  Technology.  A  Chief  Mineral  Tech- 
nologist is  in  charge  of  the  Division  of  Mineral  Technology. 
The  work  of  this  division  includes  problems  of  physics,  chem- 
istry, and  engineering  involved  in  the  production  and  refining 
of  metals  other  than  ferrous,  precious,  and  major  non-ferrous 
metals,  and  in  the  production  and  preparation  of  non-metals 
other  than  petroleum,  natural  gas,  and  fuels. 

Its  work  has  to  do,  for  example,  with  the  problems  in 
production  and  refining  of  radium,  vanadium,  and  platinum, 
preparation  of  alloy  steels,  quarrying  and  preparation  of  build- 

4  See  page  44, 


48  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

ing  stones,  production  and  utilization  of  clays,  graphite,  and 
potash. 

This  work  is  done  at  ^Washington,  at  experiment  stations, 
and  in  the  field,  through  permanent  employees  and  consulting 
engineers  and  chemists.  A  large  number  of  special  problems 
in  the  mining  and  metallurgical  fields,  the  solution  of  which 
involves  especially  work  in  physics  and  chemistry  are  referred 
to  the  chief  of  this  division.  The  advisory  committee  is 
composed  of  the  Chief  Mining  Engineer,  the  Chief  of  the 
Division  of  Education  and  Information,  and  the  Supervisor 
and  Assistant  Supervisor  of  Stations. 

The  field  office  at  Ithaca,  New  York,  is  subordinate  to  this 
division. 

Metallurgical  Division.  The  Metallurgical  Division  was 
created  in  1915.  The  Chief  Metallurgist  is  stationed  at  Wash- 
ington, but  most  of  the  work  of  the  division  is  done  at  the 
several  experiment  stations  scattered  throughout  the  country. 
An  Assistant  Chief  Metallurgist  is  stationed  at  San  Francisco 
and  charged  with  immediate  technical  control  of  metallurgical 
investigations  at  the  Western  experiment  stations.  Consult- 
ing engineers  and  chemists  are  engaged  from  time  to  time. 
In  general,  this  division  is  concerned  with  the  major  metals 
and  their  economical  reduction  from  low-grade  and  complex 
ores. 

Fuels  Division.  A  Chief  Mechanical  Engineer,  with  head- 
quarters in  Washington,  is  the  head  of  the  Fuels  Division, 
which  like  the  other  technical  divisions,  conducts  much  of  its 
work  at  experiment  stations  and  in  the  field,  both  through 
regular  personnel  and  through  consulting  engineers  and  chem- 
ists. This  work  has  to  do  with:  problems  relating  to  fuel 
preparation,  treatment,  and  utilization,  including  combustion; 
fuel  inspection  and  coal  analysis;  preparation  and  use  of 
powdered  fuel;  combustion  of  coal  and  other  fuel  to  avoid 
smoke  nuisances ;  manufacture  of  briquettes ;  coking  and  semi- 
coking  of  coal ;  production  and  use  of  artificial  gas  and  utiliza- 
tion of  natural  gas  and  petroleum  for  steam  generation; 


ORGANIZATION  49 

utilization  of  lignite  and  peat;  and  problems  relating  to  me- 
chanical and  electrical  equipment  in  mines,  including  the  test- 
ing and  approval  of  miners'  lamps.  A  close  relation  is  main- 
tained with  other  government  departments  in  giving  advice  as 
to  proper  selection,  purchase,  and  methods  of  firing  coal  and 
other  fuel. 

The  Chief  Mining  Engineer,  Chief  Petroleum  Technologist, 
Supervisor  of  Stations,  and  the  engineer  in  charge  of  the  Gov- 
ernment Fuel  Yard  comprise  the  advisory  committee. 

Division  of  Petroleum  and  Natural  Gas.  Provision  for  in- 
tensive work  in  petroleum  technology  was  first  made  by  Con- 
gress in  1914,  and  the  creation  of  the  Division  of  Petroleum 
and  Natural  Gas  was  the  result.  This  division  is  under  a 
Chief  Petroleum  Technologist,  at  Washington,  who  has  the 
usual  quota  of  consulting  engineers  and  chemists.  It  is  con- 
cerned with  all  problems  relating  to  the  drilling  of  wells,  the 
production  and  transportation  of  petroleum  and  natural  gas, 
and  the  refining  of  petroleum,  as  well  as  the  chemistry  and 
engineering  technology  of  petroleum  products. 

The  advisory  committee  includes  the  Chief  Mechanical 
Engineer,  Supervisor  of  Stations,  Chief  Mineral  Technologist, 
and  Chief  of  the  Division  of  Education  and  Information. 

The  field  offices  subordinate  to  this  division  are  at  Dallas, 
(Tex.),  Shreveport,  (La.),  Denver  and  Boulder  (Colo.), 
Casper  (Wyo.),  Winnett  (Mont.),  San  Francisco  and  Bakers- 
field  (Calif.). 

The  Oil  and  Gas  Supervisor  and  field  force  on  the  leasing 
work  report  to  the  Chief  Petroleum  Technologist. 

Division  of  Mining  Experiment  Stations.  The  need  for 
closer  coordination  between  the  technical  divisions  and  the 
experiment  stations  led  to  the  consolidation  of  those  stations 
in  a  Division  of  Mining  Experiment  Stations  in  1919.  The 
head  of  this  division  is  a  Supervisor  who,  at  present,  is  also 
Chief  Metallurgist,  and  under  him  is  an  Assistant  Chief  Metal- 
lurgist. There  are  thirteen  stations,  each  under  a  superintend- 
ent. They  are  as  follows : 


THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 


Location 
Bartlesville,  Okla. 

Berkeley,  Calif. 
Birmingham,  Ala. 

(Laboratory    at    Tuscaloosa, 
Columbus,   Ohio 
Fairbanks,  Alaska 

Minneapolis,  Minn. 
Pittsburgh,   Pa. 


Reno,  Nev. 
St.  Louis,   Mo. 

(Laboratory  at  Rolla,  Mo.) 
Salt  Lake,  Utah 

Seattle,   Wash. 


Tucson,  Ariz 
Urbana,  111. 


Subjects 
Under  Investigation 

Petroleum 

Metallurgy 

Non-metallic     minerals     and 
Ala.)        coke  by-products 

Ceramics 

Alaska  lode  and  placer  min- 
ing and  metallurgy 

Iron  mining  and  beneficia- 
tion 

Fuels,  coal  mining,  explos- 
ives, general  chemical  and 
service  laboratories 

Rare  and  precious  metals 

Lead  and  zinc  mining  and 
metallurgy 

Metal  mining  and  metal- 
lurgy ;  smoke  abatement 

Electrometallurgy ;  cera- 
mics, coal-washing,  min- 
ing methods 

Copper  mining  and  metal- 
lurgy 

Coal  mining,  fuels,  coal 
preparation 


The  work  of  the  Pittsburgh  station  may  be  grouped  under 
general  heads  as  follows:  Testing  of  explosives,  testing  of 
explosibility  of  coal  dusts,  coal  mining  investigations,  mine 
gases,  electrical  equipment,  mine-safety  and  rescue  work, 
metallurgy  of  non-ferrous  metals,  petroleum  research  lab- 
oratory, tests  of  fuels,  mechanical  equipment,  and  chemical 
research  laboratory. 

There  is  a  field  office  at  Moscow,  Idaho,  for  cooperative 
studies  with  the  University  of  Idaho  on  mining  and  metal- 
lurgical problems. 


APPENDIX  i 

OUTLINE  OF  ORGANIZATION 
EXPLANATORY  NOTE 

The  Outlines  of  Organization  have  for  their  purpose  to 
make  known  in  detail  the  organization  and  personnel  pos- 
sessed by  the  several  services  of  the  national  government  to 
which  they  relate.  They  have  been  prepared  in  accordance 
with  the  plan  followed  by  the  President's  Commission  on 
Economy  and  Efficiency  in  the  preparation  of  its  outlines  of 
the  organization  of  the  United  States  government.1  They 
differ  from  those  outlines,  however,  in  that  while  the  com- 
mission's report  showed  only  organization  units,  the  presenta- 
tion herein  has  been  carried  far  enough  to  show  the  personnel 
embraced  in  each  organization  unit. 

These  outlines  are  of  value  not  merely  as  an  effective  means 
of  making  known  the  organization  of  the  several  services.  If 
kept  revised  to  date  by  the  services  they  constitute  exceedingly 
important  tools  of  administration.  They  permit  the  directing 
personnel  to  see  at  a  glance  the  organization  and  personnel 
at  their  disposition.  They  establish  definitely  the  line  of 
administrative  authority  and  enable  each  employee  to  know 
his  place  in  the  system.  They  furnish  the  essential  basis  for 
making  plans  for  determining  costs  by  organization  division 
and  subdivision.  They  afford  the  data  for  a  consideration  of 
the  problem  of  classifying  and  standardizing  personnel  and 
compensation.  Collectively,  they  make  it  possible  to  determine 
the  number  and  location  of  organization  divisions  of  any 
particular  kind,  as  for  example — laboratories,  libraries,  blue- 
print rooms,  or  any  other  kind  of  plant  possessed  by  the 
national  government,  to  what  services  they  are  attached  and 

1  House  Doc.  458,  62d  Cong.,  2(1  Sess.  1912 — 2  vols. 

51 


52  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

where  they  are  located,  or  to  determine  what  services  are  main- 
taining stations  at  any  city  or  point  in  the  United  States. 
The  institute  hopes  that  upon  the  completion  of  the  proposed 
series  it  will  be  able  to  prepare  a  complete  classified  statement 
of  the  technical  and  other  facilities  at  the  disposal  of  the 
government.  The  present  monographs  will  then  furnish  the 
details  regarding  the  organization,  equipment,  and  work  of 
the  institutions  so  listed  and  classified. 

OUTLINE  OF  ORGANIZATION 

BUREAU  OF  MINES 

DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 

AUGUST  15,  1921 

Organisation   Units;  Annual  Salary 

Classes  of  Employees;  Number  Rate  2 

i.    General  Administration 

1.  Office  proper  of  the  Director 

Director  i  $6,000 

Private  Secretary  to  the  Director  i  2,160 

Clerk  i  1,620 

2.  Special  Technical  Assistant  to  the 

Director 

Mining  and  Metallurgical  Engineer       i  4,500 

Clerk  i  1,440 

3.  Office  of  the  Assistant  Director 

Assistant  Director  i  5,5°° 

Clerk  i  1,500 

Chief  Explosives  Chemist  i  4,800 

Junior   Clerk  i  1,320 

Chief   Surgeon    (U.   S.  Public  Health 

Service)  i  4,000 

Clerk  i  1,500 

4.  Office  of  the  Assistant  to  the  Director 

Assistant    to    the    Director  i  4,000 

Mining  Engineer  i  4,000 

Mine  Safety  Commissioner  i  3,300 

Clerk  2  1,620 

Assistant  Petroleum  Engineer  i  3,6oo 
Executive  Secretary — Leasing  Act 

Enforcement  i  2,100 

Stenographer  and  Typist  i  1,200 

Engineer  Draftsman  i  1,920 
\l  2.    Operations  Branch 

2  Net,  or  without  the  temporary  "bonus"  or  additional  compensation 
of  60  per  cent  on  classes  below  $400,  of  $240  on  classes  of  $400  to  $2, 
500,  and  of  an  amount  necessary  to  make  the  total  compensation 
$2,740  on  classes  of  $2,500  to  $2,740.  This  is  subject  to  minor  ex- 
ceptions in  special  cases. 


OUTLINE  OF  ORGANIZATION 


53 


I.    Division  of  Office  Administration 

1.  Office  of  the  Chief  Clerk 

Chief    Clerk 
Junior   Clerk 

2.  Personnel  Section 

3.  Section  of  Accounts 

Accountant 
Auditor 
Senior  Clerk 


Clerk 


Junior   Clerk 

Under  Clerk 

4.  Legal    Section 

Law  Examiner 
Junior  Clerk 

5.  Section  of  Mails  and  Files 

Clerk 

Junior  Clerk 

Under  Clerk  v 

Laborer 

Messenger 

6.  Section  of  Property  and  Shipments 

Clerk 

Junior  Clerk 
Unskilled  Laborer 

7.  Mimeograph  Section 

Clerk 

Multigraph    Operator 
Junior   Clerk 
Addressograph   Operator 

Mimeograph  and  Photograph 

Operator 
Messenger 


8.    Helium  Accounts  Section 

Clerk 

Division  of  Education  and  Information 
i.    Office  of  the  Engineer  in  Charge 

Mining  Engineer 

Mining    and    Metallurgical     Engi- 
neer 
Junior    Clerk 


3,000 
1,380 

1,200 

2,400 
2,400 
2,100 
1,920 
1, 8OO 

1,680 
i, 600 
1,560 
1,400 

1,200 
1,200 

1,980 
I,32O 

1,920 

1, 680 

1,320 

1,200 

1,140 

840 

600 

510 

1,620 

1,200 

720 

1,440 
1,380 
1,200 
1, 080 
90O 

1, 080 
60O 
510 

2',OOO 


4,240 
2,22O 

2, 1 60 
1,380 


54  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

2.  Editorial  Section 

Engineer  i  3,ooo 

Illustrator  I  1,860 

Assistant  Editor  i  1,800 

Editorial  Assistant  i  1,560 

Junior  Clerk  i  1,380 

3.  Publications  Section 

Senior  Clerk                                          I  2,220 

Junior   Clerk                                         i  1,380 

i  1,320 

Under  Clerk                                         i  1,140 

3  1,100 

4.  Library 

Assistant  Librarian  i  1,740 

Junior  Clerk  i  1,320 

5.  Reference  Files  Section 

Copyist  Topographical  Draftsman   i  1,320 

Junior  Clerk  i  1,260 

6.  Section  of  Motion  Pictures  and 

Exhibits 
Safety    Engineer  I  3,240 

7.  Statistical  Section 

Mine-Accident   Statistician  i  2,400 

Statistical  Assistant  2  1,500 

Clerk  i  1,500 

Under   Clerk  i  1,140 

1  1,000 
Typist  i  1,000 

8.  Mining  Law  Section 

Law  Examiner  i  3,300 

Junior  Clerk  i  1,320 

3.    Division  of  Mine  Rescue  Cars  and  Stations 
V        i.     Office  of  Mine  Safety  Engineer,  Pitts-, 

burgh,  Pa. 

Mine  Safety  Engineer  i  4,240 

Junior  Clerk  2  1,320 

2  3,120 
2.    Northern  Appalachin  Safety  District 

1.  Mine  Safety  Station,  Pittsburgh, 

Pa. 

Foreman  Miner  i  1,800 

Foreman  Miner,  Detached  i  1,800 

Engrosser  i  1,200 

Mechanic  Helper  i  960 

2.  Mine  Safety  Station,  Wilkes- 

Barre,  Pa. 
Foreman    Miner  i  1,800 

3.  Mine  Safety  Car  No.  3,  Pitts- 

burgh, Pa. 

Foreman   Miner  i  1,740 

First  Aid  Miner  i  1,440 

Clerk  i  1,260 

Cook  i  780 


OUTLINE  OF  ORGANIZATION 


55 


4.  Mine  Safety  Station,  Norton,  Va. 

Foreman  Miner  I 

First  Aid  Miner  i 

5.  Mine  Safety  Car  No.  8,  Hunting- 

ton,  W.  Va. 

Foreman  Miner  I 

First  Aid  Miner  I 

Cook  i 

3.  Southern  Appalachin   Safety  District 

1.  Mine  Safety  Station,  Birmingham, 

Ala. 

Mining  Engineer  i 

Foreman  Miner  i 

Under  Clerk  i 

Laborer  i 

2.  Mine  Safety  Station,  Knoxville, 

Tenn. 
Foreman   Miner  i 

4.  Eastern  Interior  Safety  District 

1.  Mine  Safety  Station,  Vincennes, 

Ind. 

District  Engineer  i 

Foreman  Miner  i 

First   Aid   Miner  i 

2.  Mine  Safety  Station,   Evansville, 

Ind. 
Foreman  Miner  I 

3.  Mine  Safety  Car  No.  6,  Terre 

Haute,  Ind. 

Car  Engineer       .  i 

Surgeon  i 

Foreman  I 

First  Aid   Miner  I 

Junior  Clerk  i 

Cook  i 

4.  Mine     Safety    Car    No.     7,     Des 

Moines,  Iowa 

Foreman  Miner  i 

First  Aid  Miner  i 

Cook  i 

5.  Lake  Superior  Safety  District 

i.    Mine    Safety    Car    No.    10,    Iron- 
wood,  Mich. 
Car  Engineer 
Surgeon 
Foreman  Miner 
First   Aid    Miner 
Junior  Clerk 
Cook 

6.  Southwestern  Safety  District 

i.  Mine    Safety    Station,    McAlester, 
Okla. 
Foreman  Miner 


i, 800 
1,440 


i, 800 

1,440 

780 


3,240 

1,740 

900 

(per  diem)       a  2 


1,700 


4,000 
i, 800 
1,500 


i, 800 


3,000 
3,120 
i,740 
1,440 
1,260 
780 


i, 800 

1,500 

780 


3,000 
3,120 
1,740 
1,440 

T,200 
780 


1, 800 


THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 


Laborer  i 

2.    Mine    Safety    Car.    No.    4,    Pitts- 
burgh, Kans. 

Foreman    Miner  i 

First  Aid  Miner  i 

Cook  i 

7.  Rocky  Mountain  Safety  District 

i    Mine    Safety   Car,    No.    2,    Raton, 

N.  Mex. 

Car   Engineer  i 

Foreman    Miner 

First  Aid  Miner 

Junior   Clerk 

Cook 

2.    Mine    Safety    Car    No.    5,    Butte, 
Mont. 

Car  Engineer 

Foreman  Miner 

First  Aid  Miner 

Junior    Clerk  i 

Cook  i 

8.  Intermountain    (or    Northern    Rocky 

Mountain  Safety  District 
I.    Mine  Safety  Car  No.   Ji,  Rock 

Springs,  Wyo. 
Car  Engineer 
Surgeon 

Acting  Foreman  Miner 
First  Aid  Miner 
Junior  Clerk 
Cook 

9.  Northern  Pacific   Safety  District 

i.    Mine     Safety     Station,      Seattle, 

Wash. 

Foreman  Miner  i 

10.    Southern  Pacific  Safety  District 

i.    Mine    Safety     Station,     Berkeley, 

Calif. 

Miner  i 

First  Aid  Miner  i 

Junior  Clerk  i 

Mechanic  i        (per  hour) 


(per  diem)   a  2 


i, 800 

1,440 

780 


2,500 
1,740 
1,440 
1,200 
780 


3,000 
1,740 
1,440 
1,260 
780 


3,000 
3,120 
1,500 
1,500 

1,200 

780 


1, 800 


1, 800 
1,440 
1,380 


2.    Mine    Safety    Car    No.    i,    Reno, 

Nev. 

Car  Engineer  i 

Foreman  Miner  i 

First    Aid    Miner  i 

Junior  Clerk  i 

Cook  i 

^4.    Government  Fuel  Yard 

i.    Office  of  Chief  Engineer 

a  When    actually   employed.     Maximum   $300   per    annum. 


3,000 
i, 800 
1,440 
1,260 
780 


OUTLINE  OF  ORGANIZATION 


57 


Chief  Engineer 
Assistant  to  Ch 
Fuel  Inspector 
Superintendent 

tion 

Senior  Clerk 
Junior  Clerk 


Under    Clerk 

Bookkeeping 

(temp.) 
Calculating    1 
Classified  Laborer 
Accountant 

2.  Yards 

Senior  Clerk 

Fuel  Inspector 

Stacker  and  C< 

Fireman-Watchman 

Watchman 

Coal  Conveyor 

Laborer 

3.  Garage 

Superintendent 
Foreman  Auto 
Auto  Mechanic 


Blacksmith 
Machanic's  Helper 
Junior  Clerk 
Skilled  Laborer 
Watchman 

Fireman 

Chauffeurs  Max/35;  aver.  16  (per  hour)  b4i-44c 

Laborer  Max.6;  aver.  5     ( per  hour )  b    4Oc 

J  5.    Enforcement   of    Operating    Regulations 

under  General  Leasing  Act 

i.    Bakersville,  Calif. 

Deputy  Supervisor  of  Oil  and   Gas 

Operations  I  4,140 

Engineer  Draftsman  I  2,100 

Gauger  .  i  2,100 

Junior  Oil  Clerk  i  1,500 

a  When   actually   employed.     Maximum   $300  per   annum, 
bWhen  actually  employed. 


r 

i 

:      4,240 

hief  Engineer 

i 

2,100 

r 

i 

2,040 

:     of    Fuel     Distribu- 

i 

1,  800 

i 

1,  860 

i 

1,400 

i 

1,380 

i 

1,260 

5 

1,200 

(temp.) 

i 

1,080 

i 

1,020 

Machine       Operator 

i 

1,  080 

[achine    Operator 

i 

1,  080 

Drer 

i 

1,200 

i 

(per  hour)  a  1.50 

i 

2,040 

i 

1,740 

onveyor  Operator 

i 

£ 

1,560 

iman 

~ 

720 

2 

(per  diem)  a        4 

Expert 

I 

(per  hour)  a       10 

Max.  30  aver.  14 

(per  hour)  a    4oc 

I 

i,  800 

Mechanic 

I 

1,680 

2 

1,500 

I 

1,440 

2 

1,380 

2 

1,260 

I 

1,380 

Iper 

I 

1,020 

I 

1,320 

r 

I 

I,O2O 

I 

840 

2 

(per  diem)  a        4 

I 

1,200 

58  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

2.     Caspar,  Wyo. 

Deputy  Supervisor  of  Oil  and   Gas 

Operations  i  4J4O 

Expert  Driller  i  3,6oo 

Chief  Gauger  i  3>6oo 

Gauger  3  2,100 

Assistant    Petroleum    Engineer  i  2,100 

Junior  Clerk  i  1,500 

3    Denver,  Colo. 

1.  Mining  Operations 

Deputy  Supervisor  i  4,000 

Technical  Examiner  i  3,6oo 

Junior  Clerk  i  1,200 

2.  Oil   and  Gas  Operations 

Supervisor  i  4,800 
Associate  Natural  Gas  Engi- 
neer i  3,6oo 
Engineer  Draftsman  i  2,100 
Senior  Oil  Clerk  i  1,680 
Junior  Oil  Clerk  i  1,260 

4.  Shreveport,  La. 

Deputy  Supervisor  (Vacancy) 

Petroleum  Engineer                       i  3, 300 

Junior   Oil   Clerk                            i  1,500 

5.  Winett,  Mont. 

Oil  Recovery  Engineer  i  3,6oo 

Gauger  i  2,100 

3.    Investigations  Branch 
i.    Mining  Division 

i.    Office  of  Chief  Mining  Engineer 


Chief    Mining    Engineer 
Mining  Engineer 
Metal  Mining  Engineer 
Clerk 
Junior  Clerk 


5400 
3.840 
4,000 
1,56* 
1,440 


1,320 

2.  District  Engineers 

Supervising     Mining    Engineer,     F, 

Denver  Colo.  i  4,240 

Junior  Clerk,  F,  Denver  Colo.  i  1,200 

Metal    Mining    Engineer,     G,     Salt 

Lake,   Utah  i  3.600 

Stenographer  i  900 

H,  Seattle,  Wash.  (Vacancy) 

Mining      Engineer,       I,       Berkeley, 

Calif.  i  4,000 

3.  Inspection  of  Mines  in  Alaska 

Federal  Mine  Inspector  for  Alaska  i  3,ooo 

Clerk  i  1,500 

2.    Division  of  Mineral  Technology 

i,    Office      of      Chief      Mineral      Tech- 
nologist 


OUTLINE  OF  ORGANIZATION 


59 


Chief   Mineral   Technologist;    Chief 

Chemist  l 

Assistant  Chief  Chemist 
Mineral  Technologist  I 

Chemist  I 

Junior  Clerk 

Cyrogenic  Laboratory 

1.  Mechanical  Section 

Mechanical  Engineer  i 

Machinist 

Junior  Clerk 
Laborer   (temp.) 

2.  Chemical  Section 

Physical  Chemist 


Laboratory    Aid 

3.  Helium        Repurification        Plant, 

Langley  Field,  Va. 

Mechanical  Engineer  I 

Assistant    Mechanical    Engineer 

(temp.) 

Assistant  Engineer  (temp.) 
Carpenter  (temp.) 
Gas  Operator  (temp.) 
Steam  Fitter's  Helper 
Rigger 

Stenographer    (temp.) 
Draftsman 

4.  Helium  Laboratory,    Fort   Worth, 

Tex. 

Chemist 

Assistant  Chemist 

5.  Field  Office,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

Chief  Alloy  Chemist 
Assistant  Alloy  Chemist 
Junior  Clerk 

3.  Metallurgical  Division 

i.    Office  of  Chief  Metallurgist  (and 
Supervisor  of  Stations 

4.  Fuels  Division 

1.  Office  of  Chief  Mechanical  Engi- 

neer 

Chief    Mechanical    Engineer        i 
Mechanical    Engineer  I 

Mechanical  Draftsman  i 

Junior  Clerk  I 

2.  Fuel   Inspection 

Assistant  Fuel  Engineer  i 

When  actually  employed. 


5,000 

3,650 
3,600 
3,000 
1,440 

1,200 


4,000 

2,100 

1, 600 

1,380 

(per  hour)       4oc 

3^40 

3,340 

960 


(per  mo.)       350 


(per  mo.) 
(per  mo.) 
(per  mo.) 
(per  mo.) 
(per  mo.) 
(per  mo.) 
(per  diem)  a 
(per  hour)  a 


210 

150 

135 

125 

80 

80 

5 
i 


2,700 
2,280 

4,240 

2,500 

(per  diem)  a        4 


5,400 
3,120 
2,100 
1,320 

2,500 


6o  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

Junior  Clerk  I  1,380 

1  1,260 

Coal  Yard  Foreman  I  1,260 

Coal    Inspector    and    Sampler      i  1,200 

3.    Lignite      Investigation,      Hefron, 
N.  Dak. 

Fuel  Engineer  i  3,8°° 

Junior  Fuel   Chemist  i  1,560 

Junior  Aid  in  Chemistry  I  1,200 

5.    Division   of   Petroleum    and    Natural 
Gas 

1.  Office     of    the    Chief    Petroleum 

Technologist 

Chief    Petroleum    Technologist    i  5,000 

Petroleum   Technologist  i  3,840 

2  3,000 

Petroleum  Economist  i  2,400 

Junior   Clerk  i  1,380 

1  1,260 

2  1,200 

2.  Petroleum  Laboratory 

Petroleum  Chemist  i  3,300 

Physical    Laboratory    Helper  i  1,380 

Junior  Chemist  i  a  1,800 

3.  Field  Office,  Dallas,  Tex. 

Petroleum  Engineer  i  4,140 
Oil  Recovery  Engineer  i  3,6oo 
Expert  Driller  i  3,6oo 
Assistant  Petroleum  Tech- 
nologist i  2,820 
Receipt  Clerk  i  1,560 

4.  Field  Office,   San  Francisco,   Calif. 

Petroleum    Engineer  i  4,020 

Oil    Recovery    Engineer  i  3,6oo 

Illustrative  Draftsman  i  1,980 

Junior   Analytical    Chemist  i  1,740 

Chemical    Laboratorian  i  1,560 

Clerk  i  1,620 

Editorial    Assistant  i  1,320 

Junior  Clerk  I  1,200 

5.  Field    Staff:     Cooperative  Work, 

Boulder,  Colo. 
Oil   ShaleTechnologist 
J   6.    Division      of      Mining      Experiment 

Stations 

i.    Office  of  Supervisor  of  Stations 
Supervisor     of     Stations     (and 

Chief    Metallurgist)  i  5,ooo 

Senior    Clerk  I  1,860 

Junior    Clerk  I  1,380 

a  Salary  paid  by  U.  S.  Shipping  Board 


OUTLINE  OF  ORGANIZATION  61 

2.    Mining        Experiment        Station, 
Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
i.    Administrative  Section 
Superintendent ;   Supervising 

Chemist                                   I  5,ooo 

Senior   Clerk                              i  ,980 

Principal    Clerk                         i  ,860 

Research   Reference    Clerk     i  ,800 

Clerk                                            i  ,620 

1  ,560 

Junior    Clerk                             i  ,440 

Library    Assistant                     i  ,320 

Junior    Clerk                             2  ,320 

4  ,200 

Junior  Computer                       i  ,080 

Under  Clerk                               i  ,080 

2  ,O20 

Stenographer   and    Typist       i  ,020 

Captain  of  the  Watch             i  1,020 

Chauffeur                                 i  i!,o2o 

Unskilled  Laborer                     i  1,020 

Under  Clerk                              i  960 

i  840 

Telephone   Operator                 i  900 

Unskilled    Laborer                    i  900 

Janitor                                         i  900 

i  840 

Watchman                                 3  780 

Messenger                                  2  600 

4  480 

Laborer                                       8  540 
2.    Chemical   Section 

i.    Supervising         Chemist's 
Office 

Associate      Supervising 
Chemist  (Vacancy) 
Glass  Blower  and  Instru- 


ment   Maker 
Laboratory  Assistant 
Laboratory  Helper 
Junior  Clerk 


,920 
,680 
,200 
,320 


,200 
^  Under  Clerk  >O2o 

2.  General    Analytical    Labor- 

atory 

Assistant  Analytical 

Chemist  i  2,880 

Junior     Analytical 

Chemist  i  2,220 

Junior   Organic   Chemist  2  1,680 

Junior   Clerk  i  1,440 

3.  Coal  Analyses  Laboratory 

Chemist  i  3,240 


62 


THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 


Assistant     Physical 

Chemist 

Junior   Analytical   Chemist 
Junior  Chemist 
Analyst 

Laboratory  Assistant 
Laboratory  Helper 
Laboratory  Aid 
Clerk-Computer 

Typist 

4.  Coal    and    Coal    Products 

Chemist 

Associate  Chemist 
Junior    Analytical 

Chemist  i 

5.  Explosives  Laboratory 

Associate     Explosives 
Chemist  I 

Assistant  Explosives 

Chemist  I 

I 

Junior     Analytical 

Chemist  I 

6.  Gas  Laboratory 

Assistant   Gas   Chemist  I 
Junior      Analytical 

Chemist  i 

Junior    Physical    Chemist  i 

Chemical   Laboratorian  i 

Laboratory  Assistant  i 

7.  Gas      Masks,      Respirators, 

and  Breathing  Apparatus 
Assistant     Physical 

Chemist  I 

Junior      Analytical 

Chemist  i 

Junior  Physical  Chemist   i 

8.  Microscopical  Laboratory 

Chemist  i 

Petrographer  i 

9.  Physical  Laboratory 

Associate   Physicist  i 

10.    Sulphur  in   Fuels 

Asssociate     Physical 

Organic    Chemist  '        i 
Junior   Organic   Chemist    i 
3.    Coal  Mining  Section 

i.    The  Section  Proper 

Coal  Mining  Engineer       i 

i 
Assistant   Coal   Mining 


3.240 
1,560 
1,500 
1,500 
1,200 

1,200 

900 
1,440 

1,200 
1,020 

3,480 
3,360 

1,680 


3,360 

2,160 

1,920 
1, 800 
2,500 
1, 680 

1,560 

1,200 
1,200 


2,500 

1, 800 
1, 680 

3,240 
2,400 

3,480 


3,120 

1,560 


4,240 

3>I2Q 


OUTLINE  OF  ORGANIZATION  63 

Engineer                            I  2,120 

Assistant   Physicist              i  2,340 

Assistant    Fuel    Chemist    i  1,900 

Junior   Clerk                         i  1,200 

Under   Clerk                         i  1,140 

Chemical  Labor atorian       i  1,080 
2.    Experimental  Mine,  Bruce- 
ton,  Pa. 

Coal     Mine     Superinten- 
dent                                  i  2,880 
Carpenter                               i     (per  diem)      7.50 
Mine  Driver                         i     (per  diem)      7.12 
Laborer                     ave.    18     (per  diem) 

min.  5.93  max.  7.50 

4.  Explosives  Section 

1.  Office    of    the    Explosives 

Engineer 

Explosives  Engineer           i  3,6°° 

Explosives  Testing  Engi- 
neer                                   i  3,24° 

Assistant  Explosives 

Engineer                            i  2,500 

Computer                               i  1,200 

Junior    Clerk                        i  1,200 

2.  Explosives  Experiment 

Station 

Assistant   Mechanical 

Engineer                            i  2,500 
Assistant  Explosives 

Engineer                            i  2,100 

i  1,980 
Junior   Explosives 

Engineer                            I  1,680 

Carpenter                              i  1,380 

Shot  Firer                            i  1,080 
Laborer                                  i   (per  diem)  a    4.72 

5.  Fuels  Section 

Fuel   Engineer                          i  4,200 

i  2,500 

Assistant  Fuel  Engineer           i  2,280 

i  1,920 

i  i, 800 

Junior  Fuel   Engineer              i  1,680 

Assistant  Engineer                    i  2,100 

Assistant  Chemical  Engi- 
neer                                         i  i, 800 

i  i, 680 

Junior  Physicist                        2  1,800 

Ventilating   Draftsman            i  1,800 

Assistant   Mechanical 

Engineer                                 I  ^,740 

a  When  actually  employed, 


THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 


Clerk 

Computer 

Observer  and  Computer 

in  Fuel  Analysis 
Laboratory    Helper 
Mechanic 
Fireman 
Unskilled  Laborer 

6.  Technical  Service 

Assistant   Engineer 
Draftsman 
Photographer 
Junior  Photographer 
Clerk 

Copyist  Draftsman 

Apprentice  Motion  Picture 

Operator 
Photostat  Operator 

7.  Petroleum  Section 

Petroleum  Chemist 
Chemical  Engineer 
Organic  Chemist 
Assistant  Refinery 

Engineer 
Assistant  Oil  Shale 

Engineer 

Laboratory  Assistant 
Junior  Clerk 

8.  Electrical  Section 

Electrical  Engineer 
Assistant  Electrical 

Engineer 
Junior  Electrical 

Engineer 


Electrical  Engineering 

Aid 
9.    Mechanical  Section 

Mechanical   Mine  Safety 
Engineer 

10.  Non-Ferrous  Metals  Section 

Metallurgist 
Assistant  Chemist 

11.  Tunnel   Gas   Investigation 

Mechanical    Engineer 

12.  Shops,    Power   Plant,    and 

Labor   Service   Section 

i.    Superintendent's  Office 

Superintendent 


2,500 

2,100 
i, 800 
1,320 

3,500 
1,980 

i, 800 
1,620 
1,500 

1,440 


2,500 

3,060 
1,920 

3,900 


OUTLINE  OF  ORGANIZATION 


2.    Instrument  Shop 

Foreman  Instrument 

Maker 
Instrument  Maker 

Junior  Instrument 

Maker 
Mechanician 


3- 


Carpenter  Shop 
Millwright 
Carpenter 


4.  Machine    Shop 

Machinist 

Machinist's   Helper 
Plumber 
Electrician's    Helper 

5.  Power  Plant 

Fireman 

Oiler  and  Engine 
Runner 


6.  Labor  Force 

Labor  Foreman 
Unskilled  Laborer 

Laborer 

7.  Garage 

Garage  Foreman 
Garageman 
Apprentice  Auto 
Mechanic 

3.  Mining  Experiment  Station, 

Bartlesville,   Okla. 
Superintendent ;  Refinery 

Engineer 

Petroleum   Technologist 
Petroleum  Engineer 
Principal  Clerk 
Junior   Clerk 

Engineer-Janitor 
Assistant    Organic   Chemist 
Junior  Chemist 
Refinery  Engineer 
Refinery   Operator 

4.  Mining   Experiment    Station, 

On  leave  without  pay  on  cooperative  agreements. 


1,830 
1,710 

1,590 

1,490 
i,530 
1,430 

1,500 
1,380 
1,320 

1,500 
i, 080 
900 
1,440 
1,320 

1,020 

960 

840 

1,380 
960 
900 
900 

1,380 
9OO 

480 


4,020 
4,000 
3,120 
1, 800 

1,200 

960 

1.080 

a 
a 


66 


THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 


Berkeley,  Calif. 
Superintendent ;  Assistant 

Chief   Metallurgist 
Physical   Chemist 
Junior  Clerk 

(temp.) 
Laboratory  Helper 

5.  Mining  Experiment   Station,   Bir- 

mingham-Tuscaloosa,  Ala. 
Superintendent    (and    District 

Engineer) 

Mineral  Technologist 
Associate  Physical  Chemist 
Associate  Metallurgical 

Chemist 
Junior  Analytical  Chemist 

(temp.) 
Junior  Clerk 

6.  Mining  Experiment   Station, 

Columbus,  Ohio. 
Superintendent ;   Chief 

Ceramist 

Associate  Chemist 
Ceramic  Chemist 
Junior  Ceramic  Chemist 
Ceramic  Assistant 


Junior  Ceramic  Engineer 

(temp.) 

Laboratory   Assistant 
Laboratory  Aid  (temp.) 
Unskilled   Laborer 
Senior  Clerk 
Junior  Clerk 

7.  Mining  Experiment,   Station, 

Fairbanks,  Alaska. 
Superintendent ;  Mining 

Engineer 
Analytical  Chemist  and 

Mineralogist 
Assistant  Mechanical  Engineer 

Mechanic 
Senior  Clerk 

Unskilled  Laborer    (temp.) 
Laborer 

8.  Mining  Experiment  Station,  Min- 

neapolis, Minn. 
Superintendent ;  Mineral 

Technologist  i 

Metallurgist  i 

When  actually  employed. 


4,800 
2,400 
1,200 

(per  hour) a     6oc 
(per  hour)       75C 


(per  mo.) 


4,800 
4,000 
3,000 

(per  hour)  a  .70 
1,740 
1,620 


(per  mo.) 


4,600 

3,240 
3,000 
1,920 
i, 800 

(per  hour)  a     .80 
(per  hour)  a      .80 


4,240 
3,240 


OUTLINE  OF  ORGANIZATION 


Assistant   Metallurgist 

Junior  Analytical  Chemist 
Laboratory  Aid  (temp.) 
Senior  Clerk 
Unskilled   Laborer 
9.    Mining  Experiment  Station, 
i  Reno,  Nev. 

Superintendent ;  Physical 

Chemist 
Metallurgist 

Assistant  Chemist 
Assistant   Physical    Chemist 
Principal  Clerk 
Janitor 

10.  Mining  Experiment  Station,   St. 

Louis-Rolla,  Mo. 

Superintendent  (acting)  ;  Min- 
ing Engineer  (and  District 
Engineer) 

Metallurgist 

Assistant   Metallurgist 

Technical  Examiner 
Senior  Clerk 
Junior   Clerk 
Drill  Runner   (temp.) 

11.  Mining  Experiment  Station, 

Salt  Lake,  Utah. 

1.  The  Station  Proper 

Superintendent;  Metal- 
lurgist 

Hydro-Metallurgist 
Ore  Dressing  Engineer 
Assistant  Chemist 
Metallurgical  Assistant 
Assistant  Oil  Shale  Tech- 
nologist 
Clerk 

Junior  Clerk 
Unskilled  Laborer 

2.  Field  Office,   Moscow,  Id. 

Ore    Dressing   Engineer 
Assistant  Metallurgist 
(temp.) 

12.  Mining   Experiment   Station, 

Seattle,  Wash. 
Superintendent 
Ceramist   (temp.) 
Metallurgical  Chemist 

When  actually  employed. 


(per  mo.) 


67 

2,460 

1,980 

1,500 

80 

i, 860 
900 


4,240 
3,720 
i, 800 
2,200 

2,000 

1,860 
840 


3,600 


3,000 
2,280 
3,600 
i,  860 

1,200 

(per  mo.)       150 


4,500 
3,000 
2,400 

2,040 

1,980 
1,740 

1,200 
960 

2,400 
1, 800 


(per  mo.)       300 
2,400 


68 


THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 


Electro-Metallurgist 
Mining  Engineer 
Junior  Mining  Engineer 
Mechanician 
Mill  Mechanic 
Clerk 

Junior  Clerk 
Analyist   (temp.) 

13.  Mining  Experiment  Station, 

Tucson,  Ariz. 
Superintendent;  Mining  Engi- 

neer and  Metallurgist 
Metallurgist 
Junior  Chemist 
Analyst 
Senior  Clerk 
General  Mechanic 
Laboratory  Aid 

14.  Mining  Experiment   Station, 

Urbana,  111. 
Superintendent 
Illuminating  Gas  Engineer 
Assistant  Chemist 
Assistant  Mining  Engineer 
Under  Clerk 

U.  S.  Helium  Plant  No.  3,  Petrolia, 
Tex. 

i.    Office  proper  of  Liquefaction 
Engineer 

Liquefaction   Engineer 
Superintendent 
Assistant  Office  Manager 
Stenographer 
Watchman 


2. 


Laboratory 
Chemist 
Plant 

Assistant 


Liquefaction      Engi- 


neer 

Chief   Engineer 
Test   Engineer 
Senior  Engineer 
Mechanic 
Consultants 
Ceramist 
Chemist 

Metallurgical  Chemist 
Physical  Chemist 

Junior  Fuel  Chemist 
aWhen  actually  employed. 


2,400 

2,280 

,680 

,500 

,320 

,500 

a     ,260 

(per  mo.)       100 

4,240 

3,840 

i,  800 

i,  800 

i,  800 

1,200 

900 

I 

4,000 

I 

3,240 

I 

2,IOO 

I 

2,040 

I 

1,020 

I 

7,500 

I 

4,000 

I 

2,160 

I 

i,  800 

2 

(per  hour)  a     «55c 

I 

i,  800 

I 

3,900 

I 

3,600 

I 

2,700 

I 

2,500 

I 

2,400 

Per  Diem  * 

I 

10 

I 

10 

I 

(per  annum)       -i 

I 

8 

I 

10 

I 

8 

I 

(per  hour)       750 

OUTLINE  OF  ORGANIZATION 


69 


Assistant   Research    Chemist 
Economist 
Mine  -Economist 
Engineer 

Assistant   Engineer 
Chemical  Engineer 

Coal  Mining  Engineer 
Construction  Engineer 
Electrical  Engineer 
Explosives  Engineer 
Fuel  Engineer 
Mechanical   Engineer 
Metallurgical  Engineer 
Mining   Engineer 

Petroleum  Engineer 

Refinery  Engineer 

Metallurgist 

Microscopist 

Mining  Expert 

Petroleum  Technologist 

Physicist 

Physiologist 

Quarry  Technologist 

Statistician 

Surgeon 

Technologist 


2 


2 

4 
I 

15 


(per  annum) 


2,500 

5 
10 

10 
10 

8 

IO 
IO 

I 

10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 


i  (per  annum)    i 

3  10 

i  8 

i  10 

10  10 

i  (per  hour)    i 

i  10 

3  10 

1  10 
3  10 

2  10 

i  (per  hour)   i 

5  10 

i  10 


APPENDIX  2 
CLASSIFICATION  OF  ACTIVITIES 

EXPLANATORY  NOTE 

The  Classifications  of  Activities  have  for  their  purpose  to 
list  and  classify  in  all  practicable  detail  the  specific  activities 
engaged  in  by  the  several  services  of  the  national  government. 
Such  statements  are  of  value  from  a  number  of  standpoints. 
They  furnish,  in  the  first  place,  the  most  effective  showing 
that  can  be  made  in  brief  compass  of  the  character  of  work 
performed  by  the  service  to  which  they  relate.  Secondly,  they 
lay  a  basis  for  a  system  of  accounting  and  reporting  that  will 
permit  of  the  showing  of  total  expenditures  classified  accord- 
ing to  activities.  Finally,  taken  collectively,  they  make  pos- 
sible the  preparation  of  a  general  or  consolidated  statement  of 
the  activities  of  the  government  as  a  whole.  Such  a  state- 
ment will  reveal  in  detail,  not  only  what  the  government  is 
doing,  but  the  services  in  which  the  work  is  being  performed. 
For  example,  one  class  of  activities  that  would  probably 
appear  in  such  a  classification  is  that  of  "scientific  research." 
A  subhead  under  this  class  would  be  "chemical  research." 
Under  this  head  would  appear  the  specific  lines  of  investiga- 
tion under  way  and  the  services  in  which  they  were  being 
prosecuted.  It  is  hardly  necessary  to  point  out  the  value  of 
such  information  in  planning  for  future  work  and  in  consider- 
ing the  problem  of  the  better  distribution  and  coordination  of 
the  work  of  the  government.  The  Institute  has  it  in  con- 
templation to  attempt  such  a  general  listing  and  classification 
of  the  activities  of  the  government  upon  the  completion  of 
the  present  series. 

70 


CLASSIFICATION  OF  ACTIVITIES  71 

CLASSIFICATION  OF  ACTIVITIES 

1.  Promotion  of  Safety  and  Health  in  the  Mining  and  Metallurgical 

Industries 

1.  Investigation  of  accidents 

2.  Research    in   accident-prevention 

3.  Investigation  of  mine  hazards 

4.  Investigation  of  hygienic  conditions 

5.  Research    for    improvement    of    conditions    affecting    health, 

comfort,  or  efficiency  of  workers 

6.  Operation  of  mine-safety  stations  and  cars 

7.  Training  and  information  to  the  miner 

2.  Technological  Researches  and  Investigations 

1.  Mining 

2.  Mineral  technology 

3.  Metallurgy 

4.  Solid  mineral  fuels 

5.  Petroleum  and  natural  gas 

3.  Administration 

1.  Inspection  of  mines  and  mine  leases 

2.  War  minerals  relief 

3.  Government  fuel  yards 

4.  Compilation  of  Legal  and  Special  Statistical  Data  needed  in  con- 

nection  with   the   investigations   of   the   bureau   and    for   the 
industry. 


APPENDIX  3 
PUBLICATIONS 

The  Bureau  of  Mines  publishes  bulletins,  technical  papers, 
miners'  circulars,  a  monthly  statement  of  fatalities  in  coal 
mines,  annual  statements  of  metal-mine,  quarry,  coke-oven,  and 
metallurgical  plant  accidents,  the  annual  report  of  the  Director, 
and  miscellaneous  publications,  such  as  hand-books  on  special 
subjects,  posters,  charts,  lists,  and  schedules. 

The  bulletins  include  those  reports  which  present  in  detail 
the  results  of  technical  and  scientific  investigations.  They  are 
of  interest  primarily  to  engineers,  chemists,  mine  officers,  and 
other  persons  familiar  with  the  subject  discussed. 

The  technical  papers  are  shorter  and  less  formal  than  the 
bulletins.  They  give  preliminary  notice  of  the  results  of 
detailed  investigations,  or  describe  small  incidental  investiga- 
tions. 

Miners'  circulars  deal  with  such  practical  matters  as  acci- 
dent prevention,  rescue  and  first-aid  methods,  the  safeguard- 
ing of  health,  and  other  topics  that  directly  concern  the 
workers  in  mines,  mills,  and  metallurgical  plants.  They  are 
written  in  simple  non-technical  English,  and  they  are  issued 
in  large  editions.  A  circular  on  first-aid  for  miners  was 
printed  in  Italian,  Polish,  and  Slovak,  with  the  English  version 
on  opposite  pages. 

The  annual  report  of  the  Director  is  a  formal  statement 
addressed  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  showing  the  organ- 
ization of  the  bureau,  its  activities,  and  the  nature  and  results 
of  its  work,  together  with  proposals  for  future  undertakings. 
Of  the  first  ten  reports  only  three  are  indexed. 

Up  to  the  end  of  the  fiscal  year  1920  the  bureau  had  issued 

72 


PUBLICATIONS 


73 


117  bulletins,  243  technical  papers,  and  twenty-one  miners' 
circulars. 

Arrangements  have  been  perfected  with  foreign  and  do- 
mestic government  mining  departments  or  bureaus,  mining 
and  technical  libraries,  and  periodicals  for  an  exchange  of 
publications. 

Monthly  post  cards  are  sent  out  notifying  interested  persons 
of  the  issuance  of  new  publications,  and  from  time  to  time 
descriptive  circulars  of  the  bureau's  publications  available  for 
distribution  are  issued. 

A  ten-year  record  of  publications  distributed  directly  by 
the  bureau  is  given  below  (copies  sold  by  the  Superintendent 
of  Documents  not  included)  : 


Fiscal 

Annual 

Bul- 

Tech- 

Miners' 

Miscel- 

Total 

Year 

Reports 

letins 

nical 

Circu- 

laneous 

Papers 

lars 

1911 

.... 

36,020 

5,155 

69,329 

.... 

110.504 

1912 

2,022 

96,762 

56,903 

351,849 

507,536 

1913 

11,542 

142,322 

243,756 

416,849 

21,087 

835,556 

1914 

8,319 

154,706 

2-26,320 

559,322 

90,926 

1,039,603 

1915 

11,140 

90,793 

171,797 

579,423 

100,332 

953,485 

1916 

9,892 

97,095 

174,631 

318,002 

93,636 

693,256 

1917 

2,294 

72,883 

129,000 

479,H9 

119,600 

802,926 

1918 

i,894 

8i,374 

168,411 

91,459 

185,294 

528,432 

1919 

2,502 

9^,485 

170,036 

235,289 

90,642 

590,954 

1920 

i,375 

67,793 

183,847 

453,154 

106,692 

813,061 

Authority  for  the  issuance  of  publications  is  given  in  Sec- 
tion 2  of  the  organic  act  of  February  25,  1913:  'That  it 
shall  be  the  province  and  duty  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines,  subject 
to  the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  to  ...  dis- 
seminate information  concerning  these  subjects  in  such  manner 
as  will  best  carry  out  the  purpose  of  this  Act" ;  also  in  Section 
3,  which  provides;  "That  the  director  of  said  bureau  shall 
prepare  and  publish,  subject  to  the  direction  of  the  Secretary 
of  the  Interior,  under  the  appropriations  made  from  time  to 
time  by  congress,  reports  of  inquiries  and  investigations,  with 
appropriate  recommendations  of  the  bureau,  concerning  the 


74  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

nature,  causes  and  prevention  of  accidents,  and  the  improve- 
ment of  conditions,  methods  and  equipment  with  special  refer- 
ence to  health,  safety,  and  prevention  of  waste  in  the  mining, 
quarrying,  metallurgical  and  other  mineral  industries ;  the  use 
of  explosives  and  electricity,  safety  methods  and  appliances, 
and  rescue  and  first-aid  work  in  said  industries ;  the  causes  and 
prevention  of  mine  fires;  and  other  subjects  included  under 
the  provisions  of  this  act."  Further  authority  is  granted  in 
the  joint  resolution  of  June  25,  1910  (36  Stat.  L.,  883),  which 
provides  that  the  publications  of  the  bureau  shall  be  published 
in  such  editions  as  may  be  recommended  by  the  Secretary,  not 
to  exceed  ten  thousand  copies  in  the  case  of  a  first  edition ;  also 
that  whenever  the  edition  of  any  of  the  publications  shall  have 
become  exhausted  and  the  demand  for  it  continues,  "there 
shall  be  published,  on  the  requisition  of  the  Secretary  of  the 
Interior,  as  many  additional  copies  as  the  Secretary  of  the 
Interior  may  deem  necessary  to  meet  the  demand." 

A  change  of  policy  was  instituted  in  1919,  the  cause  and 
nature  of  which  are  set  forth  in  the  annual  report  for  1920: 

The  demands  of  the  mining  and  allied  industries  upon  the 
bureau  for  publications  have  been  so  great  that  it  has  been 
impossible  under  the  appropriations  granted  by  congress  to 
keep  on  hand  a  supply  of  all  of  them  for  free  distribution. 
The  bureau,  therefore,  to  meet  the  demands  in  some  manner, 
has  been  compelled  to  affix  a  price  on  a  few  of  its  publications, 
and  in  such  instances  refers  the  applicants  to  the  Superinten- 
dent of  Documents,  Government  Printing  Office,  Washington, 
D.  G,  who  is  permitted  by  law  to  set  a  nominal  price  upon 
publications  covering  the  cost  of  printing  but  not  the  cost  of 
the  investigations,  which  is  borne  by  the  Bureau  of  Mines. 
The  bureau  reasons  that  having  made  the  investigations  and 
obtained  the  valuable  and  timely  data  for  the  industries,  and 
not  then  having  money  for  the  printing  of  the  paper,  it  is 
to  the  best  interests  of  the  industries  to  request  the  Super- 
intendent of  Documents  to  print  an  edition  for  sale.  .  .  . 

If  the  demands  of  the  mining  and  allied  industries  continue 
to  grow  as  in  the  past,  and  there  is  every  evidence  that  they 
will,  there  will  be  increasing  necessity,  in  order  to  give  prompt 


PUBLICATIONS  75 

and  efficient  service,  to  have  more  and  more  of  its  publications 
printed  under  similar  arrangements,  a  price  being  affixed 
and  the  papers  sold  through  the  Superintendent  of  Documents. 
The  bureau  has  found  that  such  a  plan  is  acceptable  to  the 
industries  in  that  the  prompt  and  efficient  service  is  not  to 
be  weighed  against  the  nominal  cost. 

In  addition  to  this  sale  of  certain  of  its  publications,  the 
bureau,  as  a  rule,  intends  to  print  only  a  first  edition  of  its 
free  reports,  and  after  this  is  exhausted  the  applicants  will  be 
referred  to  the  Superintendent  of  Documents,  who  is  supposed 
to  have  an  edition  of  each  publication  for  sale.  In  this  way 
the  Superintendent  of  Documents  is  selling  each  year  about 
35,000  copies  of  Bureau  of  Mines  publications. 

The  number  of  Bureau  of  Mines  publications  sold  by  the 
Superintendent  of  Documents  up  to  July  i,  1920  was  344,395 ; 
and  the  receipts  from  these  sales  amounted  to  $36,129. 


APPENDIX  4 
PLANT  AND  EQUIPMENT 

The  central  offices  and  three  of  the  laboratories  of  the 
Bureau  of  Mines  are  located  in  the  Interior  Department  Build- 
ing, 1 8th,  i  Qth,  E,  and  F  streets,  N.  W.,  Washington. 

The  laboratories  in  Washington  are  as  follows : 

The  cyrogenic  laboratory  is  maintained  for  the  purpose  of 
investigating  fundamental  physical  and  chemical  problems  in- 
volved in  the  production  of  helium  on  a  commercial  scale  to 
meet  the  requirements  of  the  Army  and  Navy.  It  is  equipped 
with  apparatus  of  semi-commercial  size.  It  is  proposed  to 
make  the  facilities  of  this  laboratory  available  to  university 
investigators  who  wish  to  work  on  these  or  similar  problems. 

The  petroleum  laboratory  is  used  for  routine  analyses  of 
crude  oil,  fuel  oil,  kerosene,  and  gasoline  for  other  govern- 
ment departments,  and  for  conducting  semi-annual  surveys 
of  motor  gasoline  sold  throughout  the  United  States. 

The  small  mineral  technology  laboratory  is  used  for  two 
purposes,  (i)  The  preliminary  examination  of  mineral  sub- 
stances submitted  to  the  bureau  by  other  government  agencies ; 
(2)  The  carrying  on  of  minor  research  problems  in  the 
utilization  of  the  minerals,  under  the  direct  supervision  of  the 
Chief  and  Assistant  Chief  Mineral  Technologist. 

The  Government  Fuel  Yard  is  located  on  rented  land  at 
Half  and  I  streets,  S.  E.,  Washington,  D.  C.  It  has  two 
railroad  spurs,  each  with  a  capacity  of  sixteen  cars,  on  a 
ij£  per  cent  grade.  It  is  fully  equipped  for  the  economical 
handling  of  coal  from  the  car  to  the  consumer's  bin,  having 
track  hoppers,  belt  conveyors,  an  automatic  electric  conveyor 
scale,  self -clearing  bins,  traveling  hopper,  locomotive  crane, 
reserve  storage  space,  and  a  fleet  of  motor  trucks.  This  equip- 

76 


PLANT  AND  EQUIPMENT  77 

ment  has  an  unloading  capacity  from  cars  of  300  tons  an 
hour,  from  bins  into  trucks  of  1200  to  2000  tons  daily,  and 
a  storage  capacity  of  20,000  tons.  The  cost  of  the  yard  and 
its  fixed  equipment  was  $260,000.  For  the  storage  and  re- 
pair of  the  motor  equipment,  a  rented  garage  with  a  machine 
shop  attached  is  maintained  at  58  B  street,  S.  W.  The  cost 
of  automobile  trucks  and  garage  equipment  was  $170,000. 

Bakersfield,  California,  is  the  headquarters  for  the  deputy 
supervisor  who  has  charge  of  operations  on  government  oil 
lands  in  California.  His  offices  are  in  the  Hopkins  Building, 
at  i  Qth  and  Chester  Avenues. 

At  Bartlesville,  Oklahoma,  is  the  Petroleum  Experiment 
Station,  occupying  a  spacious  two-story  administration  and 
petroleum  laboratory  building  owned  by  the  bureau  and 
errected  on  land  donated  to  the  United  States.  The  laboratory 
is  fully  equipped  for  conducting  special  investigations  and  for 
routine  work.  Equipment  includes  all  apparatus  necessary  for 
making  physical  tests  and  chemical  analyses  of  petroleum  and 
petroleum  products  and  also  an  experimental  refinery.  A  com- 
plete machine  shop  and  large  garage  form  part  of  the  station. 

At  Berkeley,  California,  the  Pacific  Mining  Experiment 
Station,  a  mine-rescue  station,  and  the  headquarters  of  a  dis- 
trict mining  engineer  are  housed  in  the  Hearst  Memorial 
Mining  Building  of  the  University  of  California.  The  rescue 
station  is  supplied  with  a  motor  rescue-truck,  and  the  university 
metallurgical  laboratory  equipment  is  used  for  experimental 
work. 

At  Birmingham,  Alabama,  the  bureau  owns  a  special  build- 
ing on  land  donated  for  the  headquarters  of  a  district  mining 
engineer  and  for  a  mine-rescue  station,  which  is  equipped  with 
a  training  gallery  and  a  motor  rescue-truck. 

Under  a  cooperative  agreement  with  the  State  of  Colorado, 
offices  and  laboratories  for  study  of  oil  shale  problems  are 
maintained  at  the  University  of  Colorado,  Boulder,  Colorado. 

Butte,  Montana,  is  the  headquarters  of  mine-rescue  car  No. 
5- 


78  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

Offices  are  maintained  for  a  deputy  oil  and  gas  supervisor 
and  his  assistant  at  508  Consolidated  Royalty  Company  Build- 
ing, Caspar,  Wyoming.  From  this  office,  field  work  is 
directed  and  royalties  are  determined  on  government  oil  lands 
in  Wyoming. 

The  Ceramics  Experiment  Station  at  Columbus,  Ohio,  is 
housed  in  Lord  Hall,  one  of  the  buildings  of  Ohio  State 
University.  There  are  eight  laboratories  and  a  large  gas-fired 
test  kiln.  Much  of  the  equipment  is  specially  designed  to  suit 
particular  investigations. 

The  Dallas,  Texas,  field  office  for  the  study  of  petro- 
leum production  problems  is  located  in  the  Insurance  Build- 
ing in  quarters  provided  by  the  local  chamber  of  com- 
merce. 

Denver,  Colorado,  is  the  headquarters  for  a  district  mining 
engineer,  for  the  Mining  Supervisor  in  charge  of  enforcement 
of  the  coal  mine  regulations  under  the  act  of  February  25, 
1920,  as  well  as  the  Chief  Oil  and  Gas  Supervisor.  These 
offices  are  all  situated  in  the  Custom  House  Building  at 
Denver. 

Des  Moines,  Iowa,  is  the  headquarters  of  mine-rescue  car 
No.  7. 

A  mine-rescue  station,  with  a  motor  rescue-truck  is  main- 
tained at  Evansville,  Indiana.  The  station  is  housed  in  the 
Post  Office  Building. 

The  Alaska  Mining  Experiment  Station  is  at  Fairbanks, 
and  maintains  an  ore-testing  laboratory  and  a  chemical  and 
assay  laboratory  in  rented  quarters. 

Mine-rescue  car  No.  8  has  headquarters  at  Huntington, 
West  Virginia. 

No.  10,  a  new  steel  car,  is  stationed  at  Iron  wood,  Michigan. 

The  Ithaca,  New  York.,  field  office,  which  is  concerned 
chiefly  with  problems  in  preparing  special  alloys  and  electric 
furnace  practice,  is  located  in  one  of  the  buildings  of  Cornell 
University.  Some  of  the  special  laboratory  equipment  is 
owned  by  the  bureau. 


PLANT  AND  EQUIPMENT  79 

At  Knoxville,  Tennessee,  is  a  mine-rescue  station,  in  the 
Post  Office  Building. 

McAlester,  Oklahoma,  is  a  district  headquarters  of  the  Min- 
ing Division.  There  is  a  substantial  brick  mine-rescue  station 
owned  by  the  United  States,  equipped  with  a  training  gallery. 

The  offices  of  the  North  Central  Mining  Experiment 
Station  are  located  at  Minneapolis  in  a  building  provided  by 
the  University  of  Minnesota,  and  the  laboratories  of  the  School 
of  Mines  are  available.  One  of  these  offices  is  also  the  head- 
quarters of  the  district  mining  engineer. 

The  Moscow,  Idaho,  field  office  for  investigation  of  ore 
treatment  problems  is  housed  in  the  School  of  Mines  of  the 
University  of  Idaho. 

At  Norton,  Virginia,  in  the  government  building  is  a  mine- 
rescue  station. 

The  bureau  maintains  an  office  at  Petrolia,  Texas,  in  con- 
nection with  its  supervision  of  the  helium  plant,  under  funds 
supplied  by  the  Army  and  Navy. 

Pittsburgh,  Kansas,  is  the  headquarters  of  mine-rescue 
car  No.  4. 

The  most  important  field  post  of  the  bureau  is  at  Pitts- 
burgh, Pennsylvania.  Here  is  the  headquarters  of  the  Divi- 
sion of  Mine-Rescue  Cars  and  Stations,  a  district  headquarters 
of  the  Mining  Division,  a  mining  experiment  station,  fuel  test- 
ing laboratories,  mine  gas  and  coal  analysis  laboratories,  ex- 
plosives laboratory  and  general  mining  library,  drafting, 
photography,  and  other  service  work,  a  mine-rescue  station, 
equipped  with  a  training  gallery  and  a  motor  truck,  and  the 
headquarters  of  mine-rescue  car  No.  3.  There  is  a  series  of 
new  brick  buildings,  owned  by  the  government  and  built  on 
government  land  at  4800  Forbes  Street.  The  main  building 
is  three  stories  high,  has  a  frontage  of  332  feet,  and  is  flanked 
at  either  end  with  two-story  wings,  45  by  211  feet.  The  cen- 
tral part  of  the  building  contains  the  administration  offices. 
In  the  east  wing  are  the  chemical  laboratories  and  in  the  west 
wing  the  mechanical  laboratory.  In  the  rear  is  a  separate 


8o  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

building  occupied  by  the  power  plant  and  the  metallurgical 
and  fuel  testing  laboratories. 

The  experimental  mine  is  located  about  a  mile  south  of 
Bruceton,  Pennsylvania,  on  land  leased  from  a  coal  company. 
The  mine  has  two  parallel  entries  about  1400  feet  long  with 
three  butt  entries  to  one  of  the  main  entries ;  also  rooms  open- 
ing from  these  butt  entries.  There  is  a  building  for  office 
work  and  for  the  storage  of  instruments;  also  a  power  plant 
and  a  grinding  plant.  Adjacent  is  the  explosives  testing 
station,  where  the  safety  and  efficiency  of  various  commercial 
explosives  are  determined  for  mine  work. 

Mine-rescue  car  No.  2  has  headquarters  at  Raton,  New 
Mexico. 

Car  No.  i,  has  headquarters  at  Reno,  Nevada,  where  the 
Rare  and  Precious  Metals  Experiment  Station  is  also  situated 
in  buildings  owned  by  the  University  of  Nevada. 

Car  No  II  is  stationed  at  Rock  Springs,  Wyoming. 

At  Rolla,  Missouri,  in  quarters  furnished  by  the  State 
School  of  Mines  is  the  laboratory  of  the  St.  Louis  Mining 
Experiment  Station. 

The  St.  Louis  Mining  Experiment  Station  is  located  in  the 
Chamber  of  Commerce  Building. 

Salt  Lake,  Utah,  is  headquarters  of  a  district  mining  engi- 
neer. The  Intermountain  Mining  Experiment  Station  is  quar- 
tered in  buildings  and  laboratories  provided  by  the  University 
of  Utah. 

The  San  Francisco  field  office  has  offices  in  the  Custom 
House  and  a  laboratory  equipped  for  research  in  petroleum 
problems. 

At  Seattle,  Washington,  is  the  Northwest  Mining  Experi- 
ment Station,  and  a  mine-rescue  station  equipped  with  a  train- 
ing gallery  and  motor  rescue-truck.  Quarters  are  provided 
by  the  University  of  Washington. 

The  Shreveport  field  office  for  the  supervision  of  leasing 
regulations  in  Louisiana  fields  is  located  in  rented  quarters 
at  614  Merchants  Buildings,  Shreveport,  La. 


PLANT  AND  EQUIPMENT  81 

A  new  steel  mine-rescue  car,  No.  9,  has  headquarters  at 
Terre  Haute,  Indiana. 

The  laboratories  of  the  Southern  Mining  Experiment 
Station  are  situated  at  Tuscaloosa,  Ala.,  in  quarters  furnished 
by  the  University  of  Alabama,  but  for  convenience  in  field 
work  the  head  office  is  at  Birmingham. 

The  Southwest  Mining  Experiment  Station,  at  Tucson, 
Arizona,  is  housed  in  buildings  and  laboratories  belonging 
to  the  University  of  Arizona. 

At  Vincennes,  Indiana,  is  a  mine-rescue  station,  housed  in 
rented  quarters  in  the  La  Plant  building,  and  equipped  with 
a  rescue-truck.  The  district  mining  engineer  also  has  his 
headquarters  at  this  place. 

The  Central  District  Mining  Experiment  Station,  situated 
at  Urbana,  Illinois,  occupies  quarters  and  uses  laboratories 
provided  by  the  University  of  Illinois. 

A  deputy  oil  and  gas  supervisor  has  been  stationed  at  Win- 
nett,  Montana,  with  rented  offices  in  a  business  building. 


APPENDIX  5. 

LAWS 
(A)  INDEX  TO  LAWS 

Organisation 

Bureau  of  Mines  established    36  Stat.    L.,    369 

37  Stat.   L.,   681 
Personnel 

Director,    qualifications;    appointment;    salary    ..37  Stat.   L.,    68 1 

Acting    Director,    Assistant    Director    or    officer 39  Stat.  L.,   262,  ; 

designated    by    Secretary    303 

Federal    Mine    Inspector    for    Alaska,    qualifica-26  Stat.  L.,  1104 

tions ;    appointments ;    surety    

Qualifications      36  Stat.  L.,  1363, 

1419 

Salary ;  per  diem  and  expenses a  35       Stat.       L., 

703,  742 

b  41       Stat.      L., 
1367,  1401 

Clerk    for,   salary;   per   diem   and   ex- a  38       Stat.      L., 

penses       — ., 822,  858 

b  41       Stat.      L., 

1367,   1401 
Experts  and  other  employees;  appointment    ....37    Stat.    L.,  681 

Field    employees    on   temporary   detail  a  38       Stat.      L., 

to  D.   C 822,   859 

b  41       Stat.      L., 
1367,  1402 

Temporary,     appointment;    compensa-37   Stat.  L.,  681, 

tion 682 

At  Washington,  estimates  required   . .  a  38       Stat.      L., 

609,   647 
b4i       Stat.      L., 

1367,     1402 

General,   no  personal    interest   in   subject   of   in-37   Stat.   L.,   681, 
vestigations ;    no    outside    compensation    for     682 
official  services ;  no  unofficial  reports  on  prop- 
erty    valuations     

Limitation   on  personal  service   in   D.a38    Stat.    L.,   4, 

C 48 

b  41       Stat.      L., 
1367,  1402 

a  Initial  provision  in  act  of  appropriation  which,  being  temporary, 
is  reproduced  in  succeeding  pages  only  in  special  cases. 
b  Current  appropriation  act,   1921-1922. 


LAWS  83 

Medical    officers,    may    be   detailed    from    Public '40      Stat.      L., 

Health    Service    105,   146 

b  41       Stat.      L., 

1367,  1402 
Activities 

Mine  accidents,  investigation  a  36      Stat.      L., 

703,  742 

37   Stat.   L.,   681 
b  41       Stat.      L., 
1367,    1400 

Mine-rescue  stations,   additional   38   Stat.   L.,   959 

Mine-rescue    cars,    additional    38   Stat.   L.,  959 

*  39       Stat.      L., 

262,   303 
Mining,    treatment,    and   utilization    of   minerals, 37    Stat.    L.,   681 

investigation     »  37       $tat       L., 

Mining,  treatment,  and  utilization  of  nonmetallic     417,    458 

minerals,    investigation    b  41       Stat.      L., 

1367,   1400 
Pub.    No.    18,    67 

Cong. 
Fuels,    testing    37    Stat.   L.,   681 

*  36      Stat.      L., 

703,   742 
b  41       Stat.      L., 
1367,  1400 

Peat,    investigation    , "...37    Stat   L.,   681 

Lignite  and  peat,  investigation 40  Stat.  L.,  1154 

Petroleum  and  natural  gas,  investigation   37   Stat.    L.,   681 

a  38      Stat.      L., 

609,  647 

b  41       Stat.      L., 
1367,  1401 

Mining  experiment  stations,  additional    38    Stat.   L.,   959 

a  39      Stat.      L., 

262,  302 

b  41       Stat.      L., 
1367,   1401 

Mines   in  Alaska,   inspection    26  Stat  L.,  1104 

Mineral  land  leasing  act,  enforcement   a  3^       Stat.      L., 

703,   742 
b  41      Stat.      L., 

1367,  1401 
41  Stat.  L.,  437 
a4i   Stat.   L., 

1156,  1172 
b  41   Stat.   L., 

;  •*fir"5*5? ~~'~  "•—•.-— -•-          1367,1401 

Explosives,  regulation  40   Stat.    L.,   385 

a  Initial  provision   in   act   of  appropriation   which,   being   tempor- 
ary,  is  reproduced  in  succeeding  pages  only  in  special  cases. 
b  Current  appropriation  act,  1921-1922. 


84  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

Explosives,    cooperation    with    Interstate    Com- a  40       Stat. .     L., 

merce   Commission 634,  671 

41  Stat.  L.,  1444, 

1445 
War    materials,    investigation ...40    Stat.    L.,   490 

40  Stat.  L.,  1009, 
1010 

Government  Fuel  Yard,  Washington,  operation  . .  a  40       Stat.       L., 

634,    673 

41  Stat.  L.,  1367, 
1402 

War   minerals    relief,    administration    40  Stat.  L.,  1272, 

1274 
Publications 

Director   to   prepare   and  publish   reports  of   in- 37    Stat.    L.,   68 1 

quiries   and   investigations    a3^       Stat.       L., 

703,  742 

First   editions   limited ;    reprints   authorized    . . . .  36    Stat.    L.,   883 
Plant 

Land    for    mining    experiment    and    mine-rescue^g    Stat.    L.,   959 

stations,   donations   may  be  accepted    

Land  for  mine-rescue  car  headquarters,  purchase  a  37       Stat.      L., 

or  lease;  donations  may  be  accepted   ^j^  ^rg 

Land     for     mining     experiment     station,     Pitts-™    5 tat.    L.,    388 
burgh,  Pa.,  may  be  accepted  from  city  on  ex- 
change       

Land    and    building    for    mine-rescue     stations,^   Stat.    L.,    510 

McAlester,    Okla,   purchase    

Land,  etc.,  for  Government  Fuel  Yard,  Wash-       40   stat    L     634, 

ington,  purchase  or  lease  5^2 

Building    for    mining   experiment    station,    Pitts-^   stat.  L.,  866, 
burgh,  Pa.,  construction  ggg 

Garage,  mine-rescue  station,  Norton,  Va 38    Stat.    L.,   251 

38   Stat.'  L.,''  609, 

613 

38   Stat.  L.,  822, 
827 

41  Stat.  L.,  1367, 

1400 

Building    for    headquarters,     Washington,     con-^  Stat.  L.,   676, 
struction 6^9 

37   Stat.  L.,  866, 

880 
Mine-rescue   cars,   additional,   purchase    39   Stat.   L.,  262, 

303 
40  Stat.  L.,   105, 

147 
Appropriations 

Estimates  for  personal  service  in  D.  C.  required. a 38       Stat.       L., 

609,    647 
b4i       Stat.      L., 
1367,  1402, 

a  Initial  provision  in  act  of  appropriation  which,  being  temporary, 
is  reported  in  succeeding  pages  only  in  special  cases. 
b  Current  appropriation  act,  1921-1922. 


LAWS  85 

Transfer  of  investigation  appropriations  by  other* 41       Stat.      L., 
branches  of  government  authorized  874,  913 

b  41       Stat.      L., 
1367,   1402 

Repayments 

Sales     of     fuel,     Government     Fuel     Yard;     toa4O       Stat.      L., 

"operation" 634,  673 

b4i       Stat.      L., 

1367,  1402 
Hauling  services,  Government  Fuel  Yard  41    Stat.   L.,  874, 

913 

Receipts,  Miscellaneous  a3^      Stat.      L., 

Fees    for    tests    and    investigations    for    private     1363,   1419 
parties ;  to  "miscellaneous  receipts,"  Treasury  . .  37   Stat.   L.,  681, 

682 
Expenditures 

Supply  and  equipment,  purchase  on  open  market  40  Stat.  L.,  634, 
outside  D.  C.  authorized ;  maximum  $50 672 

(B)  COMPILATION  OF  LAWS 

1891— Act  of  March  3,  1891  (26  Stat.  L.,  1104)— An  Act 
For  the  protection  of  the  lives  of  miners  in  the 
Territories,  as  amended  by  the  Act  of  July  i,  1902 
(32  Stat.  L.,  63I).1 

[Sec.  i].  That  in  each  organized  and  unorganized  Territory  of  the 
United  States  wherein  are  located  coal  mines,  the  aggregate  annual 
output  of  which  shall  be  in  excess  of  one  thousand  tons  per  annum, 
the  President  shall  appoint  a  mine  inspector,  who  shall  hold  office 
until  his  successor  is  appointed  and  qualified.  Such  inspector  shall, 
before  entering  upon  the  discharge  of  his  duties,  give  bond  to  the 
United  States  in  the  sum  of  two  thousand  dollars,  conditioned  for 
the  faithful  discharge  of  his  duties. 

Sec.  2.  That  no  person  shall  be  eligible  for  appointment  as  mine 
inspector  under  section  one  of  this  act  who,  is  not  either  a  practical 
miner  or  mining  engineer  and  who  has  not  been  a  resident  for  at 
least  six  months  in  the  Territory  for  which  he  shall  be  appointed; 
and  no  person  who  shall  act  as  land  agent,  manager,  or  agent  of  any 
mine,  or  as  mining  engineer,  or  be  interested  in  operating  any  mine 
in  such  Territory  shall  be  at  the  same  time  an  inspector  under  the 
provisions  of  this  act. 

Sec.  3.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  mine  inspector  provided 
for  in  this  act  to  make  careful  and  thorough  inspection  of  each 
coal  mine  operated  in  such  Territory,  and  to  report  at  least  annually 
upon  the  condition  of  each  coal  mine  in  said  Territory  with  refer- 
ence to  the  appliances  for  the  safety  of  the  miners,  the  number  of 
air  or  ventilating  shafts,  the  number  of  shafts  or  slopes  for  ingress 
or  egress,  the  character  and  condition  of  the  machinery  for  ventilat- 

a  Initial  provision  in  act  of  appropriation  which,  being  temporary, 
is  reported  in  succeeding  pages  only  in  special  cases. 
b  Current  appropriation  act,  1921-1922. 
1See  Acts  of  June  25,  1910  and  March  4,  1911 


86  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

ing  such  mines,  and  the  quantity  of  air  supplied  to  same.  Such 
report  shall  be  made  to  the  governor  of  the  Territory  in  which  such 
mines  are  located  and  a  duplicate  thereof  forwarded  to  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Interior,  and  in  the  case  of  an  unorganized  Territory 
directly  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior. 

Sec.  4.  That  in  case  the  said  mine  inspector  shall  report  that 
any  coal  mine  is  not  properly  constructed  or  not  furnished  with 
reasonable  and  proper  machinery  and  appliances  for  the  safety  of 
the  miners  and  other  employees  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  governor 
of  such  organized  Territory  it  shall  be  the  duty  [sic]  of  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Interior  to  give  notice  to  the  owners  and  managers  of 
said  coal  mine  that  the  said  mine  is  unsafe  and  notifying  them  in 
what  particular  the  same  is  unsafe,  and  requiring  them  to  furnish 
or  provide  such  additional  machinery,  slopes,  entries,  means  of  escape, 
ventilation,  or  other  appliances  necessary  to  the  safety  of  the  miners 
and  other  employees  within  a  period  to  be  in  said  notice  named,  and 
if  the  same  be  not  furnished  as  required  in  such  notice  it  shall  be 
unlawful  after  the  time  fixed  in  such  notice  for  the  said  owners  or 
managers  to  operate  said  mine. 

Sec.  5.  That  in  all  coal  mines  in  the  Territories  of  the  United 
States  the  owners  or  managers  shall  provide  at  least  two  shafts, 
slopes,  or  other  outlets,  separated  by  natural  strata  or  not  less  than 
one  hundred  and  fifty  feet  in  breadth,  by  which  shafts,  slopes,  or 
outlets  distinct  means  of  ingress  and  egress  shall  always  be  avail- 
able to  the  persons  employed  in  said  mine.  And  in  case  of  the 
failure  of  any  coal  mine  to  be  so  provided  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the 
mine  inspector  to  make  report  of  such  fact,  and  thereupon  notice 
shall  issue,  as  provided  in  section  four  of  this  act,  and  with  the  same 
force  and  effect. 

Sec.  6.  That  the  owners  or  managers  of  every  coal  mine  shall 
provide  an  adequate  amount  of  ventilation  of  not  less  than  eighty- 
three  and  one-third  cubic  feet  of  pure  air  per  second,  or  five  thousand 
cubic  feet  per  minute  for  every  fifty  men  at  work  in  said  mine,  and 
in  like  proportion  for  a  greater  number,  which  air  shall  by  proper 
appliances  or  machinery  be  forced  through  such  mine  to  the  face 
of  each  and  every  working  place,  so  as  to  dilute  and  render  harm- 
less and  expel  therefrom  the  noxious  or  poisonous  gases.  Wherever 
it  is  practicable  to  do  so  the  entries,  rooms,  and  all  openings  being 
operated  in  coal  mines  shall  be  kept  well  dampened  with  water  to 
cause  the  coal  dust  to  settle,  and  that  when  water  is  not  obtainable 
at  reasonable  cost  for  this  purpose  accumulations  of  dust  shall  be 
taken  out  of  the  mine,  and  shall  not  be  deposited  in  way  places  in 
the  mine  where  it  would  be  again  distributed  in  the  atmosphere  by 
the  ventilating  currents.  .  .  .  [Italicized  as  amended.] 

Sec.  7.  That  any  mine  owner  or  manager  who  shall  continue  to 
operate  a  mine  after  failure  to  comply  with  the  requirements  of  this 
act  and  after  the  expiration  of  the  period  named  in  the  notice  pro- 
vided for  in  section  four  of  this  act,  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a 
misdemeanor,  and  shall  be  fined  not  to  exceed  five  hundred  dol- 
lars. 

Sec.  8.  That  in  no  case  shall  a  furnace  shaft  be  used  or  for  the 
purposes  of  this  act  be  deemed  an  escape  shaft. 

Sec.  9.     That  escape  shafts  shall  be  constructed  in  compliance  with 


LAWS  87 

the  requirements  of  this  act  within  six  months  from  the  date  of  the 
passage  hereof,  unless  the  time  shall  be  extended  by  the  mine  in- 
spector, and  in  no  case  shall  said  time  be  extended  to  exceed  one 
year  from  the  passage  of  this  act. 

Sec.  10.  That  a  metal  speaking-tube  from  the  top  to  the  bottom 
of  the  shaft  or  slope  shall  be  provided  in  all  cases,  so  that  conversa- 
tion may  be  carried  on  through  the  same. 

Sec.  ii.  That  an  approved  safety  catch  shall  be  provided  and 
sufficient  cover  overhead  on  every  carriage  used  in  lowering  or 
hoisting  persons.  And  the  mine  inspectors  shall  examine  and  pass 
upon  the  adequacy  and  safety  of  all  such  hoisting  apparatus. 

Sec.  12.  That  no  child  under  twelve  years  of  age  shall  be  em- 
ployed in  the  underground  workings  of  any  mine.  And  no  father 
or  other  person  shall  misrepresent  the  age  of  anybody  so  employed. 
Any  person  guilty  of  violating  the  provisions  of  this  section  shall 
be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  upon  conviction  thereof 
shall  be  fined  not  to  exceed  one  hundred  dollars. 

Sec.  13.  That  only  experienced  and  competent  and  sober  men  shall 
be  placed  in  charge  of  hoisting  apparatus  or  engines.  And  the 
maximum  number  of  persons  who  may  ascend  or  descend  upon  any 
cage  or  hoisting  apparatus  shall  be  determined  by  the  mine  inspector. 

Sec.  14.  That  it  shall  be  lawful  for  any  inspector  to  enter  and 
inspect  any  coal  mine  in  his  district  and  the  work  and  machinery 
belonging  thereto  at  all  reasonable  times,  but  so  as  not  to  impede 
or  obstruct  the  working  of  the  mine;  and  to  make  inquiry  into  the 
state  of  the  mine,  works,  and  machinery,  and  the  ventilation  and 
mode  of  lighting  the  same,  and  into  all  matters  and  things  connected 
with  or  relating  to  the  safety  of  the  persons  employed  in  or  about 
the  same,  and  especially  to  make  inquiry  whether  the  provisions 
of  this  act  are  complied  with;  and  the  owner  or  agent  is  hereby 
required  to  furnish  means  necessary  for  such  entry,  inspection,  exam- 
ination and  inquiry,  of  which  the  said  inspector  shall  make  an  entry 
in  the  record  in  his  office,  noting  the  time  and  material  circum- 
stances of  the  inspection. 

Sec.  15.  That  in  all  cases  of  fatal  accident  a  full  report  thereof 
shall  be  made  by  the  mine  owner  or  manager  to  the  mine  inspector, 
said  report  to  be  in  the  [sic]  writing  and  made  within  ten  days 
after  such  deaths  shall  have  occurred. 

Sec.  16.  That  as  a  cumulative  remedy,  in  case  of  the  failure 
of  any  owner  or  manager  of  any  mine  to  comply  with  the  require- 
ments contained  in  the  notice  of  the  Governor  of  such  Territory  or 
the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  given  in  pursuance  of  this  act,  any 
court  of  competent  jurisdiction,  or  the  judge  of  such  court  in  vaca- 
tion, may,  on  the  application  of  the  mine  inspector  in  the  name  of 
the  United  States  and  supported  by  the  recommendation  of  the 
governor  of  said  Territory,  or  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior, 
issue  an  injunction  restraining  the  further  operation  of  such  mine 
until  such  requirements  are  complied  with,  and  in  order  to  obtain 
such  injunction  no  bond  shall  be  required. 

Sec.  17.  That  wherever  the  term  "owner  or  manager"  is  used  in 
this  act  the  same  shall  include  lessees  or  other  persons  controlling 
the  operation  of  any  mine.  And  in  case  of  the  violation  of  the  pro- 


88  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

visions  of  this  act  by  any  corporation  the  managing  officers  and 
superintendents,  and  other  managing  agents  of  such  corporation,  shall 
be  personally  liable  and  shall  be  punished  as  provided  in  act  for 
owners  and  managers. 

Sec.  18.  That  the  mine  inspectors  provided  for  in  this  act  shall 
each  receive  a  salary  of  two  thousand  dollars  per  annum,  and  their 
actual  travelling  expenses  when  engaged  in  their  duties.  [See  act  of 
June  5,  1920.] 

Sec.  19.  That  whenever  any  organized  Territory  shall  make  or 
has  made  provision  by  law  for  the  safe  operation  of  mines  within 
such  Territory,  and  the  governor  of  such  Territory  shall  certify  said 
fact  with  a  copy  of  the  said  law  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior, 
then  and  thereafter  the  provisions  of  this  act  shall  no  longer  be  en- 
forced in  such  organized  Territory,  but  in  lieu  thereof  the  statute 
of  such  Territory  shall  be  operative  in  lieu  of  this  act. 

1910 — Act  of  May  16,  1910  (36  Stat  L.,  369) — An  Act  To 
establish  in  the  Department  of  the  Interior  a  Bureau 

of  Mines.1 

j 

Sec.  i.  That  there  is  hereby  established  in  the  Department  of  the 
Interior  a  bureau,  to  be  called  the  Bureau  of  Mines,  and  a  director 
of  said  bureau,  who  shall  be  thoroughly  equipped  for  the  duties 
of  said  office  by  technical  education  and  experience  and  who  shall 
be  appointed  by  the  President,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent 
of  the  Senate,  and  who  shall  receive  a  salary  of  six  thousand  dollars 
per  annum;  and  there  shall  also  be  in  the  said  bureau  such  experts 
and  other  employees  as  may  from  time  to  time  be  authorized  by  Con- 
gress. 

Sec.  2.  That  it  shall  be  the  province  and  duty  of  said  bureau  and 
its  director,  under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  to 
make  diligent  investigations  of  the  methods  of  mining,  especially  in 
relation  to  the  safety  of  miners,  and  the  appliances  best  adapted 
to  prevent  accidents,  the  possible  improvement  of  conditions  under 
which  mining  operations  are  carried  on,  the  treatment  of  ores  and 
other  mineral  substances,  the  use  of  explosives  and  electricity,  the 
prevention  of  accidents,  and  other  inquiries  and  technologic  investiga- 
tions pertinent  to  said  industries,  and  from  time  to  time  make  such 
public  reports  of  the  work,  investigations,  and  information  obtained 
as  the  Secretary  of  the  said  department  may  direct,  with  the  recom- 
mendations of  such  bureau. 

Sec.  3.  That  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  shall  provide  the  said 
bureau  with  furnished  offices  in  the  city  of  Washington,  with  such 
books,  records,  stationery  and  appliances,  and  such  assistants,  clerks, 
stenographers,  typewriters,  and  other  employees  as  may  be  necessary 
for  the  proper  discharge  of  the  duties  imposed  by  this  Act  upon 
such  bureau,  fixing  the  compensation  of  such  clerks  and  employees 
within  appropriations  made  for  that  purpose. 

1  The   original    organic   act ;    amended   and    superseded   by   the   act   of 
February  25,  1913. 


LAWS  89 

Sec.  4.  That  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  is  hereby  authorized 
to  transfer  to  the  Bureau  of  Mines  from  the  United  States  Geological 
Survey  the  supervision  of  the  investigations  of  structural  materials 
and  the  analyzing  and  testing  of  coals,  lignites,  and  other  mineral 
fuel  substances  and  the  investigation  as  to  the  causes  of  mine  ex- 
plosions; and  the  appropriations  made  for  such  investigations  may 
be  expended  under  the  supervision  of  the  Director  of  the  Bureau  of 
Mines  in  manner  as  if  the  same  were  so  directed  in  the  appropria- 
tions Acts;  and  such  investigations  shall  hereafter  be  within  the 
province  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines,  and  shall  cease  and  determine 
under  the  organization  of  the  United  States  Geological  Survey;  and 
such  experts,  employees,  property  and  equipment  as  are  now  em- 
ployed or  used  by  the  Geological  Survey  in  connection  with  the 
subjects  herewith  transferred  to  the  Bureau  of  Mines  are  directed 
to  be  transferred  to  said  bureau.  [Repealed  by  act  of  June  25,  1910, 
in  so  far  as  it  relates  to  the  transfer  to  the  Bureau  of  Mines  of 
the  supervision  of  the  inspection  of  structural  materials  and  equip- 
ment.] 

Sec.  5.  That  nothing  in  this  Act  shall  be  construed  as  in  any 
way  granting  to  any  officer  or  employee  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines  any 
right  or  authority  in  connection  with  the .  inspection  or  supervision 
of  mines  or  metallurgical  plants  in  any  State. 

Sec  6.  This  Act  shall  take  effect  and  be  in  force  on  and  after 
the  first  day  of  July,  nineteen  hundred  and  ten. 

1910 — Act  of  June  25,  1910  (36  Stat  L.,  676,  699) — An  Act 
To  increase  the  limit  of  cost  of  certain  public  build- 
ings, to  authorize  the  enlargement,  extension,  re- 
modeling or  improvement  of  certain  public  build- 
ings, to  authorize  the  erection  and  completion  of 
public  buildings,  to  authorize  the  purchase  of  sites 
for  public  buildings,  and  for  other  purposes. 


Sec.  32.  That  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  be,  and  he  is  hereby, 
authorized  and  directed  to  prepare  designs  and  estimates  for  a  fire- 
proof building  of  modern  office-building  type  of  architecture  .to  be 
erected  on  square  numbered  one  hundred  and  forty-three,  in  the 
City  of  Washington,  District  of  Columbia,  now  owned  by  the  United 
States,  which  building,  including  fireproof  vaults,  heating  and  ven- 
tilating apparatus,  elevators,  and  approaches,  complete,  to  cost  not 
exceeding  two  million  five  hundred  thousand  dollars,  and  to  be  de- 
signed and  constructed  of  sufficient  area  and  capacity  to  occupy 
all  of  said  square  as  a  building  site,  and  to  afford,  when  completed, 
office  accommodations  for  the  entire  organization  at  Washington 
of  the  office  of  the  Geological  Survey,  office  of  Indian  Affairs,  office 
of  the  Reclamation  Service,  the  General  Land  Office,  and  the  Bureau 
of  Mines ;  and  such  designs  and  estimates  shall  be  approved  by  a 
board  consisting  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  the  Secretary  of 


90  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

the  Treasury,  and  the  Superintendent  of  the  Capitol  Buildings  and 
Grounds:  Provided,  That  no  part  of  the  amount  heretofore  men- 
tioned as  the  limit  of  cost  is  authorized  to  be  appropriated  by  this 
Act  except  for  the  preparation  of  designs  and  estimates.  And  so 
much  as  may  be  necessary  of  the  unexpended  balance  of  the  amount 
heretofore  authorized  for  the  acquisition  of  said  site  shall  be  avail- 
able for  the  preparation  of  designs  and  estimates:  Provided  further, 
That  the  foregoing  authorization  shall  be  in  addition  to  and  in- 
dependent of  the  authorizations  and  appropriations  for  personal  ser- 
vices for  the  office  of  the  Supervising  Architect  otherwise  made. 

1910— Act  of  June  25,  1910  (36  Stat.  L.,  703,  742,  743)- 
An  Act  Making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  ex- 
penses of  the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending 
June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  twelve,  and  for 
other  purposes. 

*  *    *    * 

Said  inspectors  [authorized  by  the  act  of  March  3,  1891]  are 
hereby  authorized  to  inspect  coal  and  other  mines  in  the  District  of 
Alaska,  to  which  District  the  provisions  of  said  act  are  hereby  ex- 
tended and  made  applicable. 

*  *     *     * 

So  much  of  the  act  establishing  a  Bureau  of  Mines,  approved  May 
sixteenth,  nineteen  hundred  and  ten,  as  transfers  to  said  Bureau  the 
supervision  of  the  investigations  of  structural  materials  and  equip- 
ment therefor  is  repealed. 

1910 — Joint  Resolution  of  June  25,  1910  (36  Stat.  L.,  883) — • 
Joint  Resolution  Limiting  the  editions  of  the  pub- 
lications of  the  Bureau  of  Mines. 

[Sec.  i].  That  the  publications  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines  shall  be 
published  in  such  editions  as  recommended  by  the  Secretary  of  the 
Interior,  but  not  to  exceed  ten  thousand  copies  for  the  first  edition. 

Sec.  2.  That  whenever  the  edition  of  any  of  the  publications  of 
the  Bureau  of  Mines  shall  have  become  exhausted  and  the  demand 
for  it  continues,  there  shall  be  published,  on  the  requisition  of  the 
Secretary  of  the  Interior,  as  many  additional  copies  as  the  Secretary 
of  the  Interior  may  deem  necessary  to  meet  the  demand. 

1911 — Act  of  March  4,  1911  (36  Stat.  L.,  1363,  1419) — An 
Act  Making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  ex- 
penses of  the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending 
June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  twelve,  and  for 
other  purposes. 


LAWS  91 

*  *    *    * 

For  tests  or  investigations  authorized  by  the  Secretary  of  the 
Interior,  other  than  those  performed  for  the  Government  of  the 
United  States,  a  reasonable  fee  covering  actual  necessary  expenses 
shall  be  charged,  according  to  a  schedule  submitted  by  the  director 
and  approved  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  who  shall  prescribe 
the  rules  and  regulations  under  which  such  tests  or  investigations 
shall  be  made  and  under  which  such  fees  shall  be  charged  and  col- 
lected. All  moneys  received  from  such  fees  shall  be  paid  into  the 
Treasury  to  the  credit  of  miscellaneous  receipts; 

*  *     *     * 

Said  inspectors  [authorized  by  the  act  of  March  3,  1891]  are 
hereby  authorized  to  inspect  coal  and  other  mines  in  the  District  of 
Alaska,  to  which  District  the  provisions  of  said  Act,  except  so  much 
as  requires  six  months  residence  in  a  Territory  prior  to  appointment, 
are  hereby  extended  and  made  applicable. 

1912 — Act  of  August  24,  1912  (37  Stat.  L.,  417,  458 — An 
Act  Making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  ex- 
penses of  the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  end- 
ing June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  thirteen,  and 
for  other  purposes. 

*  *    *    * 

That  no  part  thereof  [appropriation  "for  inquiries  and  investiga- 
tions into  the  mining  and  treatment  of  ores  and  other  mineral  sub- 
stances, with  special  reference  to  safety  and  waste"]  may  be  used 
for  investigation  in  behalf  of  any  private  party,  nor  shall  any 
part  thereof  be  used  for  work  authorized  by  law  to  be  done  by  any 
other  branch  of  the  public  service.  [Repeated  in  act  of  June, 
23,  1913,  38  Stat.  L.,  4,  48;  act  of  August  i,  1914,  38  Stat.  L., 
609,  647;  act  of  March  3,  1915,  38  Stat.  L.,  822,  858;  and  act  of 
July  i,  1916,  39  Stat.  L.,  262,  302.] 

For  the  purchase  or  lease  of  the  necessary  land,  where  and  under 
such  conditions  as  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  may  direct,  for 
the  headquarters  of  five  mine-rescue  cars  and  for  the  construction 
of  the  necessary  railway  sidings  on  the  same,  $4,000:  Provided,  That 
the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  is  hereby  authorized  to  accept  any 
suitable  land  or  lands  that  may  be  donated  for  said  purpose. 

1913 — Act  of  February  25,  1913  (37  Stat.  L.,  681) — An  Act 
To  amend  an  Act  entitled  "An  Act  to  establish 
in  the  Department  of  the  Interior  a  Bureau  of 
Mines,"  approved  May  sixteenth,  nineteen  hundred 
and  ten. 

[Sec.  i].  That  the  Act  to  establish  in  the  Department  of  the  Inte- 
rior a  Bureau  of  Mines,  approved  May  sixteenth,  nineteen  hundred 


92  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

and  ten,  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby,  amended  to  read  as   follows: 

"That  there  is  hereby  established  in  the  Department  of  the  Interior 
a  bureau  of  mining,  metallurgy,  and  mineral  technology,  to  be  desig- 
nated the  Bureau  of  Mines,  and  there  shall  be  a  director  of  said 
bureau,  who  shall  be  thoroughly  equipped  for  the  duties  of  said 
office  by  technical  education  and  experience  and  who  shall  be  ap- 
pointed by  the  President,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of 
the  Senate,  and  who  shall  receive  a  salary  of  six  thousand  dollars 
per  annum;  and  there  shall  also  be  in  the  said  bureau  such  experts 
and  other  employees,  to  be  appointed  by  the  Secrtary  of  the  Interior, 
as  may^be  required  to  carry  out  the  purposes  of  this  Act  in  accord- 
ance with  the  appropriations  made  from  time  to  time  by  Congress 
for  such  purposes. 

Sec.  2.  That  it  shall  be  the  province  and  duty  of  the  Bureau  of 
Mines,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  to 
conduct  inquiries  and  scientific  and  technologic  investigations  concern- 
ing mining,  and  the  preparation,  treatment,  and  utilization  of  min- 
eral substances  with  a  view  to  improving  health  conditions,  and 
increasing  safety,  efficiency,  economic  development,  and  conserving 
resources  through  the  prevention  of  waste  in  the  mining,  quarrying, 
metallurgical,  and  other  mineral  industries;  to  inquire  into  the 
economic  conditions  affecting  these  industries;  to  investigate  ex- 
plosives and  peat;  and  on  behalf  of  the  government  to  investigate 
the  mineral  fuels  and  unfinished  mineral  products  belonging  to,  or 
for  the  use  of,  the  United  States,  with  a  view  to  their  most  efficient 
mining,  preparation,  treatment  and  use ;  and  to  disseminate  in- 
formation concerning  these  subjects  in  such  manner  as  will  best 
carry  out  the  purposes  of  this  Act. 

Sec.  3.  That  the  director  of  said  bureau  shall  prepare  and 
publish,  subject  to  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior, 
under  the  appropriations  made  from  time  to  time  by  Congress, 
reports  of  inquiries  and  investigations,  with  appropriate  recom- 
mendations of  the  bureau,  concerning  the  nature,  causes,  and  pre- 
vention of  accidents,  and  the  improvement  of  conditions,  methods, 
and  equipment,  with  special  reference  to  health,  safety,  and  pre- 
vention of  waste  in  the  mining,  quarrying,  metallurgical,  and  other 
mineral  industries;  the  use  of  explosives'  and  electricity,  safety 
methods  and  appliances,  and  rescue  and  first-aid  work  in  said 
industries;  the  causes  and  prevention  of  mine  fires;  and  other  sub- 
jects included  under  the  provisions  of  this  Act. 

Sec.  4.  In  conducting  inquiries  and  investigations  authorized 
by  this  Act  neither  the  director  nor  any  member  of  the  Bureau  of 
Mines  shall  have  any  personal  or  private  interest  in  any  mine  or 
the  products  of  any  mine  under  investigation,  or  shall  accept  em- 
ployment from  any  private  party  for  services  in  the  examination  of 
any  mine  or  private  mineral  property,  or  issue  any  report  as  to 
the  valuation  or  the  management  of  any  mine  or  other  private 
mineral  property:  Provided,  That  nothing  herein  shall  be  construed 
as  preventing  the  temporary  employment  by  the  Bureau  of  Mines, 
at  a  compensation  not  to  exceed  ten  dollars  per  day,  in  a  consulting 
capacity  or  in  the  investigation  of  special  subjects,  of  any  engi- 
neer or  other  expert  whose  principal  professional  practice  is  out- 
side of  such  employment  by  said  bureau. 


LAWS  93 

Sec.  5.  That  for  tests  or  investigations  authorized  by  the  Sec- 
retary of  the  Interior  under  the  provisions  of  this  Act,  other  than 
those  performed  for  the  Government  of  the  United  States  or  State 
governments  within  the  United  States  a  reasonable  fee  covering  the 
necessary  expenses  shall  be  charged,  according  to  a  schedule  pre- 
pared by  the  Director  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines  and  approved  by 
the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  who  shall  prescribe  rules  and  regu- 
lations under  which  such  tests  and  investigations  may  be  made.  All 
moneys  received  from  such  sources  shall  be  paid  into  the  Treasury 
to  the  credit  of  miscellaneous  receipts. 

Sec.  6.  That  this  Act  shall  take  effect  and  be  in  force  on  and 
after  its  passage. 

1913 — Act  of  June  23,  1913  (38  Stat.  L.,  4,  48) — An  Act 
Making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of 
the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  fourteen,  and  for 
other  purposes. 


For  the  purchase  or  lease  of  the  necessary  land,  where  and 
under  such  conditions  as  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  may  direct, 
for  the  headquarters  of  five  mine-rescue  cars  and  for  the  construc- 
tion of  the  necessary  railway  sidings  on  the  same,  $2,000:  Provided, 
That  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  is  hereby  authorized  to  accept 
any  suitable  land  or  lands  that  may  be  donated  for  said  purpose. 

1913— Act  of  March  4,  1913  (37  Stat.  L.,  866,  880,  886)- 
An  Act  To  increase  the  limit  of  cost  of  certain  public 
buildings,  to  authorize  the  enlargement,  extension, 
remodeling,  or  improvement  of  certain  public  build- 
ings, to  authorize  the  erection  and  completion  of 
public  buildings,  to  authorize  the  purchase  of  sites 
for  public  buildings,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*    *    * 

Sec.  9.  That  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  be,  and  he  is 
hereby,  authorized  and  directed  to  cause  to  be  constructed  on 
square  numbered  one  hundred  and  forty-three,  in  the  city  of 
Washington,  District  of  Columbia,  a  fireproof  building  of  modern 
office  building  type  of  architecture  of  sufficient  area  to  afford  when 
ompleted  office  accommodations  for  the  entire  organization  at 
ashington,  District  of  Columbia,  of  the  Geological  Survey,  Rec- 
mation  Service,  Indian  Office,  Bureau  of  Mines,  and  such  other 
ces  and  bureaus  of  the  Interior  Department  as  can  be  accom- 
odated  therein. 

That    the    plans,    specifications,    and    estimates    for    said    building 
all  be  approved  by  a  board  consisting  of  the   Secretary  of  the 


94  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

Treasury,    the    Secretary    of   the    Interior,    and    the    Superintendent 
of  the  Capitol  Building  and  Grounds. 

That  for  the  purpose  of  beginning  the  construction  of  said 
building  the  sum  of  $596,000  is  hereby  authorized,  and  the  unex- 
pended balance  of  the  appropriation  for  the  acquisition  of  said 
square  one  hundred  and  forty-three  is  hereby  made  available  as  a  part 
of  said  authorization  for  the  employment,  at  customary  rates  of 
compensation  without  regard  to  civil-service  laws,  rules,  or  regula- 
tions, of  technical  and  engineering  services  in  the  Office  of  the 
Supervising  Architect,  exclusively  to  aid  in  the  preparation  of  the 
necessary  plans,  specifications,  estimates,  and  toward  the  com- 
mencement of  the  construction  of  said  building. 

That  the  foregoing  authorization  for  the  employment  of  tech- 
nical and  engineering  services  shall  be  in  addition  to  and  independ- 
ent of  the  authorizations  and  appropriations  for  personal  services 
for  the  Office  of  the  Supervising  Architect  otherwise  made:  Pro- 
vided, That  this  authorization  shall  not  be  construed  as  fixing  the 
limit  of  cost  of  said  building  at  the  sum  hereby  named,  but  the 
building  hereby  authorized  shall  be  constructed  or  so  planned  as 
to  cost,  complete,  including  fireproof  vaults,  heating  and  ventilat- 
ing apparatus,  elevators,  lighting  fixtures,  and  approaches,  but  ex- 
clusive of  site,  not  exceeding  $2,596,000. 

That  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  author- 
ized and  directed  to  enter  into  contracts  for  the  construction  of  a 
suitable  building  for  said  purpose  within  the  ultimate  limit  of  cost 
above  mentioned. 
*     *     *     * 

Sec.  26.  That  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  be,  and  he  is 
hereby,  authorized  and  directed  to  enter  into  a  contract  or  contracts 
for  the  erection  and  completion  of  fireproof  laboratories  and  other 
buildings  suitable  and  necessary  for  the  investigations  of  the  Bureau 
of  Mines,  on  a  site  hereinafter  provided,  in  the  city  of  Pitts- 
burgh, Pennsylvania,  within  the  total  limit  of  cost  hereinafter  fixed. 

That  the  said  laboratories  and  other  buildings  shall  be  constructed 
under  the  direction  of  and  in  accordance  with  plans  and  estimates 
to  be  approved  by  a  board  consisting  of  the  Director  of  the  Bureau 
of  Mines,  the  Chief  of  Engineers  of  the  Army,  and  the  Supervis- 
ing Architect  of  the  Treasury,  and  shall  be  so  constructed  as  to 
cost,  complete,  with  the  necessary  railroad  sidings  !  approaches, 
plumbing,  lighting,  heating,  ventilating  and  hoisting  apparatus,  and 
other  necessary  appurtenances,  not  to  exceed  the  sum  of  $500,000, 
of  which  amount  the  sum  of  $250,000  is  hereby  authorized  and 
shall  be  immediately  available  for  the  preparation  of  plans  for 
said  laboratories  and  other  buildings  and  for  carrying  forward  con- 
struction work.  And  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  is  hereby 
authorized  to  employ,  without  regard  to  civil-service  laws,  rules,  or 
regulations  and  to  pay  for  at  customary  rates  of  compensation,  out 
of  this  authorization,  such  technical  and  engineering  services  as 
may  be  recommended  by  the  above  board,  to  serve  exclusively  in 
the  Office  of  the  Supervising  Architect  of  the  Treasury  Department 
to  aid  in  the  preparation  of  plans  and  specifications  for  and  to 
supervise  the  construction  of  the  work  herein  provided  for:  Pro- 
vided, That  the  foregoing  authorization  for  the  employment  of 


LAWS  95 

technical  and  engineering  services  shall  be  in  addition  to  and  in- 
dependent of  the  authorizations  and  appropriations  for  personal 
services  for  the  Office  of  the  Supervising  Architect  otherwise  made. 

That  the  Secretary  of  War  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  authorized  to 
transfer  to  the  city  of  Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania,  or  to  the  board 
of  public  education  of  the  said  city  of  Pittsburgh,  for  public  use, 
that  part  of  the  United  States  arsenal  grounds  in  the  city  of  Pitts- 
burgh lying  between  Thirty-ninth  and  Fortieth  Streets  and  between 
Butler  Street  and  the  tract  of  land  transferred  by  the  Secretary  of 
War  to  the  custody  and  control  of  the  Treasury  Department  for  a 
marine-hospital  site  by  an  instrument  dated  June  first,  nineteen 
hundred  and  four,  under  authority  of  the  sundry  civil  Act  of 
March  third,  nineteen  hundred  and  three,  the  land  to  be  transfer- 
red to  the  said  city  of  Pittsburgh  being  more  particularly  described 
as  follows:  Beginning  at  the  northwest  corner  of  the  said  tract 
of  land  transferred  to  the  custody  and  control  of  the  Treasury 
Department,  and  running  thence  along  Fortieth  Street  in  a  north- 
westerly direction  to  the  intersection  of  said  street  and  Butler 
Street,  one  thousand  one  hundred  and  seventeen  and  one-half  feet, 
more  or  less;  thence  along  Butler  Street  in  a  southwesterly  direc- 
tion to  the  intersection  of  said  street  and  Thirty-ninth  Street,  five 
hundred  and  twenty-three  feet,  more  or  less;  thence  along  Thirty- 
ninth  Street  in  a  southwesterly  direction  to  southwest  corner  of  the 
said  tract  of  land  transferred  to  the  custody  and  control  of  the 
Treasury  Department,  one  thousand  one  hundred  and  one-half  feet, 
more  or  less;  and  thence  along  the  westerly  boundary  of  said  tract 
of  land  in  a  northeasterly  direction  to  the  place  of  beginning,  five 
hundred  and  twenty-three  feet,  more  or  less;  and  containing  thir- 
teen and  one-fourth  acres,  more  or  less,  on  the  transfer  by  the 
board  of  public  education  of  the  city  of  Pittsburgh,  or  by  the  city 
of  Pittsburgh  to  the  United  States,  for  the  use  of  the  Bureau  of 
Mines,  under  the  Department  of  the  Interior,  as  a  site  for  the 
erection  of  the  laboratories  and  other  buildings  hereinbefore  pro- 
vided for,  of  the  tract  of  land  in  the  said  city  of  Pittsburgh,  known 
as  the  Magee  High  School  site,  and  lying  on  Forbes  Street  and 
the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad,  and  more  particularly  described 
as  follows:  Beginning  in  the  center  of  Boundary  Street  at  its 
junction  with  Forbes  Street  and  running  north  eighty-seven 
degrees  thirty-six  minutes  forty-five  seconds  east  parallel  to  Forbes 
Street  for  a 'distance  of  five  hundred  and  thirty-six  and  two-tenths 
feet,  more  or  less,  to  a  stone  monument;  thence  running  south  two 
degrees  twenty-three  minutes  fifteen  seconds  east  for  a  distance  of 
one  hundred  and  fifty  feet,  more  or  less,  to  a  stone  monument; 
thence  rrorth  eigjhty-seven  degrees  thirty-six  minutes  fortyf-fiv-e 
seconds  east  for  a  distance  of  one  hundred  and  fifteen  feet,  more 
or  less,  to  a  stone  monument;  thence  north  two  degrees  twenty- 
hree-minutes  fifteen  seconds  west  for  a  distance  of  fifty-eight 
md  eighty-nine  one-hundredths  feet,  more  or  less,  ^  to  a  stone 

ionument;  thence  south  fifty-two  degrees  twenty-six  minutes  fifteen 
.econds  east  for  a  distance  of  twenty  and  eighty  one-hundredths 
Eeet,  more  or  less,  to  a  pin;  thence  south  fifty  degrees  forty-one 
minutes  fifteen  seconds  east  for  a  distance  of  four  hundred  and 
thirteen  and  eight-tenths  feet,  more  or  less,  to  a  pin;  thence  south 


96  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

fifteen  degrees  twenty-eight  minutes  forty-five  seconds  west  for  a 
distance  of  three  hundred  and  twenty-six  and  seventy  one-hun- 
dredths  feet,  more  or  less,  to  a  pin;  thence  north  seventy-six 
degrees  forty-five  minutes  west  for  a  distance  of  one  thousand 
one  hundred  and  forty-four  and  seventy-five  one-hundredths  feet, 
more  or  less,  to  the  center  of  Boundary  Street,  and  thence  along 
the  center  of  Boundary  Street  north  twenty-eight  degrees  fifteen 
minutes  east  for  a  distance  of  four  hundred  and  forty-four  and 
thirty-eight  one-hundredths  feet,  more  or  less,  to  the  starting  point, 
and  containing  an  area  of  eleven  and  one-half  acres,  more  or  less: 
Provided,  That  before  the  above-described  transfer  by  the  Secretary 
of  War  to  the  city  of  Pittsburgh  shall  become  effective,  and  as  an 
express  further  consideration  for  said  transfer,  and  for  the  sur- 
render by  the  United  States  of  a  perpetual  water  supply  now 
obtained  from  a  reservoir  located  on  the  lands  so  to  be  transferred, 
the  city  of  Pittsburgh,  through  its  proper  officers,  shall  covenant 
and  agree,  at  its  own  expense,  and  within  a  reasonable  time,  to  tap, 
within  that  part  of  the  Pittsburgh  supply  depot  and  reservation 
between  Butler  Street  and  the  Allegheny  River  retained  by  the 
United  States,  the  forty-two  inch  water  main  belonging  to  the  said 
city  which  now  crosses  the  said  reservation  under  a  revocable 
license,  and  thereafter  to  furnish,  in  perpetuity  free  of  charge  to 
the  United  States,  all  the  water  needed  of  good  quality  for  said 
purposes  for  all  purposes  upon  the  said  reservation,  and  shall  also 
agree  to  keep  its  own  water  main,  pipes,  hydrants,  and  other 
necessary  appurtenances  now  located  or  hereafter  to  be  located  upon 
the  same,  in  good  condition  and  repair  at  its  own  expense.  In 
case  of  failure  of  the  city  of  Pittsburgh  to  do  any  and  all  things 
necessary  to  proper  fulfillment  of  this  provision,  the  reservoir,  pipe 
lines,  and  so  much  of  the  land  adjacent  thereto  on  the  part  of  the 
reservation  which  is  to  be  transferred  to  the  said  city  as  may  be 
needed  for  rights  of  way  shall  revert  to  the  United  States. 
[Amended  by  act  of  December  22,  1913.] 

1913 — Act  of  December  22,  1913  (38  Stat.  L.,  251) — An  Act 
Amending  an  Act  entitled  "An  Act  to  increase  the 
limit  of  cost  of  certain  public  buildings,  to  authorize 
the  enlargement,  extension,  remodeling,  or  improve- 
ment of  certain  public  buildings,  to  authorize  the 
erection  of  certain  public  buildings,  to  authorize  the 
erection  and  completion  of  public  buildings,  to 
authorize  the  purchase  of  sites  for  public  buildings, 
and  for  other  purposes,"  approved  March  fourth, 
nineteen  hundred  and  thirteen. 

That  section  twenty-six  of  the  Act  approved  March  fourth, 
nineteen  hundred  and  thirteen,  which  authorizes  the  Secretary^! 
the  Treasury  to  enter  into  a.  co.ntra.ct  or  contracts  for  the  erection 


LAWS  97 

of  fireproof  laboratories  for  the  Bureau  of  Mines  in  the  city  of 
Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania,  and  so  forth,  is  hereby  amended  so  as 
to  authorize  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  in  his  discretion,  to 
accept  and  expend,  in  addition  to  the  limit  of  cost  therein  fixed, 
such  funds  as  may  be  received  by  contribution  from  the  State  of 
Pennsylvania,  or  from  other  sources,  for  the  purpose  of  enlarg- 
ing, by  purchase,  condemnation,  or  otherwise,  and  improving  the 
site  authorized  to  be  acquired  (for  said  Bureau  of  Mines,  or  for 
other  work  contemplated  by  said  legislation:  Provided,  That  the 
acceptance  of  such  contributions  and  the  improvements  made  there- 
with shall  involve  the  United  States  in  no  expenditure  in  excess 
of  the  limit  of  cost  heretofore  fixed. 

1914 — Act  of  July  7,  1914  (38  Stat.  L.,  510) — An  Act  For 
the  purchase  of  a  building  and  lot  as  a  mine  rescue 
station  at  McAlester,  Oklahoma. 

That  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  author- 
ized and  directed  to  purchase,  for  and  on  behalf  of  the  United 
States,  the  following-described  real  estate  in  the  city  of  McAlester, 
county  of  Pittsburg,  State  of  Oklahoma,  to  wit,  the  north  fifty 
feet  of  lot  numbered  two,  in  block  numbered  four  hundred  and 
eighty-seven,  in  the  original  town  site  of  South  McAlester^  the 
dimensions  of  said  lot  being  fifty  feet  by  one  hundred  and  sixty- 
five  feet,  with  fifty  feet  front  to  South  Third  Street,  in  said  city 
of  McAlester,  together  with  the  two-story  brick  building  and  all 
other  improvements  thereon,  for  the  use  of  the  'Bureau  of  Mines 
for  a  mine  rescue  station  and  for  such  other  purposes  as  the  Bureau 
of  Mines  may  from  time  to  time  desire  to  use  the  same,  at  and  for 
the  sum  of  $5,500,  which  said  sum  is  hereby  appropriated  for 
such  purchase  out  of  any  money  in  the  Treasury  not  otherwise 
appropriated. 

1914 — Act  of  August  i,  1914  (38  Stat.  L.,  609,  613,  647) — 
An  Act  Making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  ex- 
penses of  the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending 
June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  fifteen,  and  for 
other  purposes. 

*    *    * 

Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania,  Bureau  of  Mines :  For  technical  services 
and  for  commencement  of  building,  $150,000. 

*  *     *     * 

For  the  fiscal  year  nineteen  hundred  and  sixteen,  and  annually 
thereafter  estimates  shall  be  submitted  specifically  for  all  personal 
services  required  permanently  and  entirely  in  the  Bureau  of  Mines 
at  Washington,  District  of  Columbia,  and  previously  paid  from 
lump  sum  or  general  appropriations.  [Repeated  in  act  of  March  3, 

1915;  38  Stat.  L.,  822,  858.] 

*  *    *    * 


98  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

For  the  purchase  or  lease  of  the  necessary  land,  where  and  under 
such  conditions  as  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  may  direct,  for 
the  headquarters  of  five  mine-rescue  cars  and  for  the  construc- 
tion of  the  necessary  railway  sidings  on  the  same,  $1,000:  Provided, 
That  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  is  authorized  to  accept  any 
suitable  land  or  lands  that  may  be  donated  for  said  purpose. 

1915—  Act  of  March  3,  1915  (38  Stat.  L.,  822,  827,  859)- 
An  Act  Making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  ex- 
penses of  the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending 
June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  sixteen,  and  for 
other  purposes. 

*  *    *    * 

Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania,  laboratories,  Bureau  of  Mines :  For  com- 
pletion, $350,000. 

*  *     *     * 

For  purchase  or  lease  of  necessary  land,  where  and  under  such 
conditions  as  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  may  direct,  for  the 
headquarters  of  mine-rescue  cars  and  construction  of  necessary 
railway  sidings  on  the  same,  $1,000:  Provided,  That  the  Secretary 
of  the  Interior  is  authorized  to  accept  any  suitable  land  or  lands 
that  may  be  donated  for  said  purpose. 

*  *     *     * 

Persons  employed  during  the  fiscal  year  nineteen  hundred  and 
sixteen  in  field  work,  outside  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  under  | 
the  Bureau  of  Mines,  may  be  detailed  temporarily  for  service  in 
Washington,  District  of  Columbia,  for  purposes  of  preparing  results  | 
of  their  field  work;  all  persons  so  detailed  shall  be  paid  in  addi-  j 
tion  to  their  regular  compensation  only  their  actual  traveling  ex- 
penses or  per  diem  in  lieu  of  subsistence  in  going  to  and  return- 
ing therefrom:  Provided,  That  nothing  herein  shall  prevent  the  pay- 
ment to  employees  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines  their  necessary  expenses 
or  per  diem,  in  lieu  of  subsistence  while  on  temporary  detail  in  Wash- 
ington, District  of  Columbia,  for  purposes  only  of  consultation 
or  investigations  on  behalf  of  the  United  States.  All  details  made 
hereunder,  and  the  purposes  of  each,  during  the  preceding  fiscal 
year,  shall  be  reported  in  the  annual  estimates  of  appropriations 
to  Congress  at  the  beginning  of  each  regular  session  thereof. 
[Repeated  in  act  of  July  i,  1916,  39  Stat.  L.,  262,  303;  act  of  June 
12,  1917,  40  Stat.  L.,  105,  147;  act  of  July  i,  1918,  40  Stat.  L.,  634, 
672;  act  of  July  19,  1919,  40  Stat.  L.,  163,  199;  and  act  of  June  5, 
1920,  41  Stat.  L.,  874,  912.] 

1915 — Act  of  March  3,  1915  (38  Stat.  L.,  959) — An  Act  To 
provide  for  the  establishment  and  maintenance  of 
mining  and  experiment  and  mine  safety  stations  for 
making  investigations  and  disseminating  information 
among  employees  in  mining,  quarrying,  metallurgi- 


LAWS  99 

cal,  and  other  mineral  industries,  and  for  other  pur- 
poses. 

[Sec.  i].  That  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  is  hereby  authorized 
and  directed  to  establish  and  maintain  in  the  several  important 
mining  regions  of  the  United  States  and  the  Territory  of  Alaska, 
as  Congress  may  appropriate  for  the  necessary  employees  and 
other  expenses,  under  the  Bureau  of  Mines  and  in  accordance  with  the 
provision  of  the  Act  establishing  said  bureau,  ten  mining  experi- 
ment stations  and  seven  mine  safety  stations,  movable  or  station- 
ary, in  addition  to  those  already  established,  the  province  and  duty 
of  which  shall  be  to  make  investigations  and  disseminate  informa- 
tion with  a  view  to  improving  conditions  in  the  mining,  quarry- 
ing, metallurgical,  and  other  mineral  industries,  safeguarding  life 
among  employees,  preventing  unnecessary  waste  of  resources,  and 
otherwise  contributing  to  the  advancement  of  these  industries: 
Provided,  That  not  more  than  three  mining  experiment  stations 
and  mine  safety  stations  hereinabove  authorized  shall  be  estab- 
lished in  any  one  fiscal  year  under  the  appropriations  made  there- 
for. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  is  hereby  authorized 
to  accept  lands,  buildings,  or  other  contributions  from  the  several 
States  offering  to  cooperate  in  carrying  out  the  purposes  of  this 
Act. 

1916 — Act  of  July  i,  1916  (39  Stat.  L.,  262,  303) — An  Act 
Making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of 
the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  seventeen,  and  for 
other  purposes. 

*  *    *    * 

For  purchase  of  three  additional  mine-rescue  cars,  $53,000. 

*  *     *     * 

For  purchase  or  lease  of  necessary  land,  where  and  under  such 
conditions  as  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  may  direct,  for  the 
headquarters  of  mine  rescue  cars  and  construction  of  necessary 
railway  sidings  and  housing  for  the  same,  or  as  the  site  of  an 
experimental  mine  and  a  plant  for  studying  explosives,  $1,000. 
Provided,  That  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  is  authorized  to  accept 
any  suitable  land  or  lands,  buildings,  or  improvements,  that  may 
be  donated  for  said  purpose,  and  to  enter  into  leases  for  periods 
not  exceeding  ten  years,  subject  to  annual  appropriations  by  Con- 
gress. 

*  *     *     * 

Hereafter  in  the  absence  of  the  Director  of  the  Bureau  of 
Mines  the  assistant  director  of  said  bureau  shall  perform  the  duties 
of  the  director  during  the  latter's  absence,  and  in  the  absence  of 
the  Director  and  of  the  Assistant  Director  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines 
the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  may  designate  some  officer  of  said 
bureau  to  perform  the  duties  of  the  director  during  his  absence. 


ioo  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

1916 — Joint  Resolution  of  July  21,  1916  (39  Stat.  L.,  388) — 
Joint  Resolution  To  authorize  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury  to  accept  from  the  city  of  Pittsburgh  certain 
lands  in  exchange  for  other  lands  of  equal  area. 

That  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  author- 
ized to  accept  from  the  city  of  Pittsburgh,  State  of  Pennsylvania, 
that  certain  lot  or  parcel  of  land  bounded  and  described  as  follows: 

Beginning  at  a  point  on  the  line  dividing  the  properties  owned 
by  the  city  of  Pittsburgh  and  the  United  States  of  America,  oc- 
cupied by  the  Bureau  of  Mines,  at  a  point  north  seventy-six 
degrees  forty-five  minutes  west  forty-two  and  eight-tenths  feet 
from  the  southeast  corner  of  the  said  property  of  the  United 
States  of  America;  thence  south  fifteen  degrees  twenty- four  min- 
utes fifty-five  seconds  west  four  hundred  and  six  one-hundredths 
feet  to  a  point;  thence  north  seventy-four  degrees  thirty-six  min- 
utes fifty-five  seconds  west  eighteen  and  forty-four  one-hundredths 
feet  to  a  point;  thence  south  fifteen  degrees  twenty-eight  minutes 
forty-five  seconds  west  thirty-seven  and  eighty-seven  one  thou- 
sandths feet  to  a  point;  thence  north  seventy- four  degrees  thirty- 
six  minutes  fifty-five  seconds  west  four  hundred  and  forty-nine 
and  sixty-six  one-hundredths  feet  to  a  point;  thence  north  fifteen 
degrees  twenty-eight  minutes  forty-five  seconds  east  twenty-one 
and  seven  hundred  and  twenty-seven  one-thousandths  feet  to  a 
point  on  the  said  line  dividing  the  properties  of  the  city  of  Pitts- 
burgh ancl  the  United  States  of  America;  thence  south  seventy- 
six  degrees  forty-five  minutes  east  nine  hundred  and  seven  and 
thirty-nine  one-hundredths  feet  to  the  place  of  beginning,  contain- 
ing eighteen  thousand  square  feet,  more  or  less,  for  the  use  of  the 
Bureau  of  Mines  of  the  Department  of  the  Interior,  and  to  trans- 
fer to  the  city  of  Pittsburgh  in  exchange  therefor  that  certain 
lot  or  parcel  of  land  now  constituting  a  part  of  the  grounds  of  the 
Bureau  of  Mines  of  the  Department  of  the  Interior  bounded  and 
described  as  follows : 

Beginning  at  a  point  on  the  line  dividing  the  properties  owned 
by  the  city  of  Pittsburgh  and  the  United  States  of  America,  oc- 
cupied by  the  Bureau  of  Mines,  at  a  point  north  seventy-six  degrees 
forty-five  minutes  west  forty-two  and  eight-tenths  feet  from  the 
southeast  corner  of  said  property  of  the  United  States  of  America; 
thence  north  fifteen  degrees  twenty-four  minutes  fifty-five  seconds 
east  three  hundred  and  forty-seven  and  eight-tenths  feet  to  a  point 
on  the  dividing  line  between  the  properties  of  the  United  States  of 
America  and  the  Carnegie  Institute  of  Technology,  a  Pennsylvania 
corporation;  thence  along  said  dividing  line  south  fifty  degrees 
forty-one  minutes  fifteen  seconds  east  forty-seven  and  eighteen 
one-hundredths  feet  to  a  point;  thence  along  the  line  dividing  the 
property  of  the  United  States  of  America  from  the  property  of  the 
said  Carnegie  Institute  of  Technology  and  the  city  of  Pittsburgh 
south  fifteen  degrees  twenty-eight  minutes  forty-five  seconds  west 
three  hundred  and  twenty-seven  and  eight  one-hundredths  feet  to 
a  point;  thence  north  seventy-six  degrees  forty-five  minutes  west 


LAWS  mi 


forty-two  and  eight-tenths  feet  to  the  place  of  beginning;  together 
with  that  part  of  a  circular  tract  lying  west  of  the  above-de- 
scribed tract  of  land  and  included  within  an  arc  struck  with  a 
radius  of  fifty-one  feet  from  a  point  five  feet  east  of  a  point  on 
the  westerly  line  two  hundred  and  fifty-seven  feet  from  the  south- 
west corner  of  the  above-described  tract;  said  lot  or  parcel  of 
ground  comprising  eighteen  thousand  square  feet,  more  or  less. 

1917 — Act  of  June  12,  1917  (40  Stat.  L.,  105,  146) — An  Act 
Making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of 
the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  eighteen,  and  for 
other  purposes. 


That  no  part  thereof  [appropration  "for  inquiries  and  scientific 
and  technologic  investigations  concerning  the  mining,  preparation, 
treatment,  and  utilization  of  ores  and  other  mineral  substances" 
and  ''the  economic  conditions  affecting  these  industries"]  may  be 
used  in  behalf  of  any  private  party.  [Repeated  in  act  of  July  I, 
1918,  40  Stat.  L.,  634,  670;  act  of  July  19,  1919,  41  Stat.  L.,  163, 
198;  and  act  of  June  5,  1920,  41  Stat.  L.,  874,  911.] 

*  *     *     * 

The  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  may  detail  medical  officers  of 
the  Public  Health  Service  for  cooperative  health,  safety,  or  sani- 
tation work  with  the  Bureau  of  Mines,  and  the  compensation  and 
expenses  of  officers  so  detailed  may  be  paid  from  the  applicable 
appropriations  made  herein  for  the  Bureau  of  Mines.  [Repeated 
in  act  of  July  i,  1918,  40  Stat.  L.,  634,  671 ;  act  of  July  19,  1919, 
41  Stat.  L.,  163,  199;  and  act  of  June  5,  1920,  41  Stat.  L.,  874, 

in.] 

*  *  *  * 

For  purchase  of  three  additional  mine-rescue  cars,  $81,750. 

*  *     *     * 

For  purchase  or  lease  of  necessary  land,  where  and  under  such 
conditions  as  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  may  direct,  for  the 
headquarters  of  mine-rescue  cars  and  construction  of  necessary 
railway  sidings  and  housing  for  the  same,  or  as  the  site  of  an 
experimental  mine  and  a  plant  for  studying  explosives,  $1,000:  Pro- 
vided, That  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  is  authorized  to  accept 
any  suitable  land  or  lands,  buildings,  or  improvements,  that  may  be 
donated  for  said  purpose  and  to  enter  into  leases  for  periods  not 
exceeding  ten  years,  subject  to  annual  appropriations  by  Congress. 

1917 — Act  of  October  6,  1917  (40  Stat.  L.,  385) — An  Act 
To  prohibit  the  manufacture,  distribution,  storage, 
use,  and  possession  in  time  of  war  of  explosives, 
providing  regulations  for  the  safe  manufacture,  dis- 


102  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

distribution,  storage,  use,  and  possession  of  the  same, 
and  for  other  purposes. 

[Sec.  i].  That  when  the  United  States  is  at  war1  it  shall  be  un- 
lawful to  manufacture,  distribute,  store,  use,  or  possess  powder, 
explosives,  blasting  supplies,  or  ingredients  thereof,  in  such  manner 
as  to  be  detrimental  to  the  public  safety,  except  as  in  this  Act 
provided. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  words  "explosive"  and  "explosives"  when  used 
herein  shall  mean  gunpowders,  powders  used  for  blasting,  all  forms 
of  high  explosives,  blasting  materials,  fuses,  detonators,  and  other 
detonating  agents,  smokeless  powders,  and  any  chemical  compound 
or  mechanical  mixture  that  contains  any  oxidizing  and  combust- 
ibe  units  or  other  ingredients  in  such  proportions,  quantities  or 
packing  that  ignition  by  fire,  by  friction,  by  concussion,  by  per- 
cussion, or  by  detonation  of,  or  any  part  of,  the  compound  or 
mixture  may  cause  such  a  sudden  generation  of  highly  heated 
gases  that  the  resultant  gaseous  pressures  are  capable  of  producing 
destructive  effects  on  contiguous  objects,  or  of  destroying  life  or 
limb,  but  shall  not  include  small  arms  or  shotgun  cartridges: 
Provided,  That  nothing  herein  contained  shall  be  construed  to  pre- 
vent the  manufacture,  under  the  authority  of  the  Government,  of 
explosives  for,  their  sale  to  or  their  possession  by,  the  military 
or  naval  service  of  the  United  States  of  America. 

Sec.  3.  That  the  word  "ingredients"  when  used  herein  shall  mean 
the  materials  and  substances  capable  by  combination  of  produc- 
ing one  or  more  of  the  explosives  mentioned  in  section  one  hereof. 

Sec.  4.  That  the  word  "person,"  when  used  herein,  shall  include 
States,  Territories,  the  District  of  Columbia,  Alaska,  and  other 
dependencies  of  the  United  v  States,  and  municipal  subdivisions 
thereof,  individual  citizens,  firms,  assocations,  societies  and  cor- 
porations of  the  United  States  and  of  other  countries  at  peace  with 
the  United  States. 

Sec.  5.  That  from  and  after  forty  days  after  the  passage  and 
approval  of  this  Act  no  person  shall  have  in  his  possession  or 
purchase,  accept,  receive,  sell,  give,  barter  or  otherwise  dispose  of 
or  procure  explosives,  or  ingredients,  except  as  provided  in  this 
Act:  Provided,  That  the  purchase  or  possession  of  said  ingredients 
when  purchased  or  held  in  small  quantities  and  not  used  or  in- 
tended to  be  used  in  the  manufacture  of  explosives  are  not  subject 
to  the  provisions  of  this  Act:  Provided  further,  That  the  super- 
intendent, foreman,  or  other  duly  authorized  employee,  at  a  mine, 
quarry,  or  other  work,  may,  when  licensed  so  to  do,  sell  or  issue, 
to  any  workman  under  him,  such  an  amount  of  explosives,  or 
ingredients,  as  may  be  required  by  that  workman  in  the  per- 
formance of  his  duties,  and  the  workman  may  purchase  or  accept 
the  explosives,  or  ingredients,  so  sold  or  issued,  but  the  person 
so  selling  or  issuing  same  shall  see  that  any  unused  explosives, 
or  ingredients,  are  returned,  and  that  no  explosives,  or  ingredients, 
are  taken  by  the  workman  to  any  point  not  necessary  to  the  carry- 
ing on  of  his  duties. 

1  Expired  March  3,  1921.— Jt.  Res.  of  March  3,  1921 ;  41  Stat.  L.,  1359- 


LAWS  103 

Sec.  6.  That  nothing  contained  herein  shall  apply  to  explosives 
or  ingredients  while  being  transported  upon  vessels  or  railroad 
cars  in  conformity  with  statutory  law  or  Interstate  Commerce  Com- 
mission rules. 

Sec.  7.  That  from  and  after  forty  days  after  the  passage  of  this 
Act  no  person  shall  manufacture  explosives  unless  licensed  so  to 
do,  as  hereinafter  provided. 

Sec.  8.  That  any  licensee  or  applicant  for  license  hereunder 
shall  furnish  such  information  regarding  himself  and  his  business, 
so  far  as  such  business  relates  to  or  is  connected  with  explosives 
or  ingredients  at  such  time  and  in  such  manner  as  the  Director  of 
the  Bureau  of  Mines,  or  his  authorized  representative,  may  request, 
excepting  that  those  who  have  been  or  are  at  the  time  of  the 
passage  of  this  Act  regularly  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  ex- 
plosives shall  not  be  compelled  to  disclose  secret  processes,  costs, 
or  other  data  unrelated  to  the  distribution  of  explosives. 

Sec.  9.  That  from  and  after  forty  days  after  the  passage  and 
approval  of  this  Act  every  person  authorized  to  sell,  issue,  or  dis- 
pose of  explosives  shall  keep  a  complete  itemized  and  accurate 
record,  showing  each  person  to  whom  explosives  are  sold,  given, 
bartered,  or  to  whom  or  how  otherwise  disposed  of,  and  the  quan- 
tity and  kind  of  explosives,  and  the  date  of  each  such  sale,  gift, 
barter,  or  other  disposition;  and  this  record  shall  be  sworn  to  and 
furnished  to  the  Director  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines,  or  his  author- 
ized representatives,  whenever  requested. 

Sec.  10.  That  the  Director  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines  is  hereby 
authorized  to  issue  licenses  as  follows: 

(a)  Manufacturer's  license,  authorizing  the  manufacture,  posses- 
sion, and  sale  of  explosives  and  ingredients. 

(6)  Vendor's  license,  authorizing  the  purchase,  possession,  and 
sale  of  explosives  or  ingredients. 

(c)  Purchaser's  license,  authorizing  the  purchase  and  possession 
of  explosives  and  ingredients. 

(d)  Foreman's   license,    authorizing   the   purchase   and   possession 
of   explosives   and    ingredients,    and   the    sale    and   issuance   of   ex- 
plosives and  ingredients  to   workmen  under  the  proviso  to  section 
five  above. 

(e}  Exporters'  license,  authorizing  the  licensee  to  export  ex- 
plosives, but  no  such  license  shall  authorize  exportation  in  violation 
of  any  proclamation  of  the  President  issued  under  any  Act  of 
Congress. 

(/)  Importer's  license,  authorizing  the  licensee  to  import  ex- 
plosives. 

(#)  Analyst's,  educator's,  inventor's,  and  investigator's  licenses 
authorizing  the  purchase,  manufacture,  possession,  testing,  and  dis- 
posal of  explosives  and  ingredients. 

Sec.  ii.  That  the  Director  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines  shall  issue 
licenses,  upon  application  duly  made,  but  only  to  citizens  of  the 
United  States  of  America,  and  to  the  subjects  or  citizens  of  nations 
that  are  at  peace  with  them,  and  to  corporations,  firms,  and  associa- 
tions thereof,  and  he  may,  in  his  discretion,  refuse  to  issue  a 
license  when  he  has  reason  to  believe  from  facts  of  which  he  has 
knowledge  or  reliable  information,  that  the  applicant  is  disloyal  or 


104  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

hostile  to  the  United  States  of  America,  or  that,  if  the  applicant 
is  a  firm,  association,  society,  or  corporation,  its  controlling  stock- 
holders or  members  are  disloyal  or  hostile  to  the  United  States  of 
America.  The  director  may,  when  he  has  reason  to  believe  on  like 
grounds  that  any  licensee  is  so  disloyal  or  hostile,  revoke  any 
license  issued  to  him.  Any  applicant  to  whom  a  license  is  refused 
or  any  licensee  whose  license  is  revoked  by  the  said  director,  may, 
at  any  time  within  thirty  days  after  notification  of  the  rejection  of 
his  application  or  revocation  of  his  license,  apply  for  such  license 
or  the  cancellation  of  such  revocation  to  the  Council  of  National 
Defense,  which  shall  make  its  order  upon  the  director  either  to 
grant  or  to  withhold  the  license. 

Sec.  12.  That  any  person  .desiring  to  manufacture,  sell,  export, 
import,  store,  or  purchase  explosives  or  ingredients,  or  to  keep  explo- 
sives or  ingredients  in  his  possession,  shall  make  application  for  a 
license,  which  application  shall  state,  under  oath,  the  name  of  the 
applicant;  the  place  of  birth;  whether  native  born  or  naturalized 
citizen  of  the  United  States  of  America;  if  a  naturalized  citizen, 
the  date  and  place  of  naturalization;  business  in  which  engaged; 
the  amount  and  kind  of  explosives  or  ingredients  which  during 
the  past  six  months  have  been  purchased,  disposed  of,  or  used  by 
him ;  the  amount  and  kind  of  explosives  or  ingredients  now  on  hand ; 
whether  sales,  if  any,  have  been  made  to  jobbers,  wholesalers,  retailers, 
or  consumers;  the  kind  of  license  to  be  issued,  and  the  kind  and 
amount  of  explosives  or  ingredients  to  be  authorized  by  the  license; 
and  such  further  information  as  the  Director  of  the  Bureau  of 
Mines  may,  by  rule,  from  time  to  time  require. 

Applications  for  vendor's,  purchaser's,  or  foreman's  licenses  shall 
be  made  to  such  officers  of  the  State,  Territory,  or  dependency 
having  jurisdiction  in  the  district  within  which  the  explosives  or 
ingredients  are  to  be  sold  or  used,  and  having  power  to  administer 
oaths  as  may  be  designated  by  the  Director  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines, 
who  shall  issue  the  same  in  the  name  of  such  director.  Such 
officers  shall  be  entitled  to  receive  from  the  applicant  a  fee  of 
25  cents  for  each  license  issued.  They  shall  keep  an  accurate 
record  of  all  licenses  issued  in  manner  and  form  to  be  prescribed 
by  the  Director  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines,  to  whom  they  shall  make 
reports  from  time  to  time  as  may  be  by  rule  issued  by  the  director 
required.  The  necessary  blanks  and  blank  records  shall  be  fur- 
nished to  such  officers  by  the  said  director.  Licensing  officers  shall 
be  subject  to  removal  for  cause  by  the  Director  of  the  Bureau  of 
Mines,  and  all  licenses  issued  by  them  shall  be  subject  to  revoca- 
tion by  the  Director  as  provided  in  section  eleven. 

Sec.  13.  That  the  President,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  con- 
sent of  the  Senate,  may  appoint  in  each  State  and  in  Alaska  an 
explosives  inspector,  whose  duty  it  shall  be,  under  the  direction^  of 
the  Director  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines,  to  see  that  this  Act  is  faith- 
fully executed  and  observed.  Each  such  inspector  shall  receive  a 
salary  of  $2,400  per  annum.  He  may  at  any  time  be  detailed  for 
service  by  said  director  in  the  District  of  Columbia  or  in  any 
State,  Territory,  or  dependency  of  the  United  States^  All  ad- 
ditional employees  required  in  carrying  out  the  provisions  of 
this  Act  shall  be  appointed  by  the  Director  of  the  Bureau  of 


LAWS 


105 


Mines,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior. 
Sec.  14.  That  it  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  person  to  represent 
himself  as  having  a  license  issued  under  this  Act,  when  he  has 
not  such  a  license,  or  as  having  a  license  different  in  form  or  in 
conditions  from  the  one  which  he  in  fact  has,  or  without  proper 
authority  make,  cause  to  be  made,  issue  or  exhibit  anything  pur- 
porting or  pretending  to  be  such  license,  or  intended  to  mislead 
any  person  into  believing  it  is  such  a  license,  or  to  refuse  to  exhibit 
his  license  to  any  peace  officer,  Federal  or  State,  or  representative 
of  the  Bureau  of  Mines. 

Sec.  15.  That  no  inspector  or  other  employee  of  the  Bureau  of 
Mines  shall  divulge  any  information  obtained  in  the  course  of  his 
duties  under  this  Act  regarding  the  business  of  any  licensee,  or 
applicant  for  license,  without  authority  from  the  applicant  for 
license  or  from  the  Director  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines. 

Sec.  16.  That  every  person  authorized  under  this  Act  to  manu- 
facture or  store  explosives  or  ingredients  shall  clearly  mark  and 
define  the  premises  on  which  his  plant  or  magazine  may  be  and 
shall  conspicuously  display  thereon  the  words  "Explosives — Keep 
Off." 

Sec.  17.  That  no  person  without  the  consent  of  the  owner  or 
his  authorized  agents,  except  peace  officers,  the  Director  of  the 
Bureau  of  Mines  and  persons  designated  by  him  in  writing,  shall 
be  in  or  upon  any  plant  or  premises  on  which  explosives  are  manu- 
factured or  stored,  or  be  in  or  upon  any  magazine  premises  on 
which  explosives  are  stored;  nor  shall  any  person  discharge  any 
firearms  or  throw  or  place  any  explosives  or  inflammable  bombs 
at,  on,  or  against  any  such  plant  or  magazine  premises,  or  cause 
the  same  to  be  done. 

Sec.  18.  That  the  Director  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines  is  hereby 
authorized  to  make  rules  and  regulations  for  carrying  into  effect 
this  Act,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior. 

Sec.  19.  That  any  person  violating  any  of  the  provisions  of  this 
Act,  or  any  rules  or  regulations  made  thereunder,  shall  be  guilty 
of  a  misdemeanor  and  shall  be  punished  by  a  fine  of  not  more 
than  $5,000  or  by  imprisonment  not  more  than  one  year,  or  by 
both  such  fine  and  imprisonment. 

Sec.  20.  That  the  Director  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines  is  hereby 
authorized  to  investigate  all  explosions  and  fires  which  may  occur 
in  mines,  quarries,  factories,  warehouses,  magazines,  houses,  cars, 
boats,  conveyances,  and  all  places  in  which  explosives  or  the  ingred- 
ients thereof  are  manufactured,  transported,  stored,  or  used,  and 
shall,  in  his  discretion,  report  his  findings,  in  such  manner  as  he 
may  deem  fit,  to  the  proper  Federal  or  State  authorities,  to  the 
end  that  if  such  explosion  has  been  brought  about  by  a  willful 
act  the  person  or  persons  causing  such  act  may  be  proceeded  against 
and  brought  to  justice;  or,  if  said  explosion  has  been  brought 
about  by  accidental  means,  that  precautions  may  be  taken  to  pre- 
vent similar  accidents  from  occurring.  In  the  prosecution  of  such 
investigations  the  employees  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines  are  hereby 
granted  the  authority  to  enter  the  premises  where  such  explosion  or 
fire  has  occurred,  to  examine  plans,  books,  and  papers,  to  admin- 
ister oaths  to,  and  to  examine  all  witnesses  and  persons  concerned, 


io6  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

without  let  or  hindrance  on  the  part  of  the  owner,  lessee,  operator, 
or  agent  thereof. 

Sec.  21.  That  the  Director  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines,  with  the 
approval  of  the  President,  is  hereby  authorized  to  utilize  such 
agents,  agencies,  and  all  officers  of  the  United  States  and  of  the 
several  States,  Territories,  dependencies,  and  municipalities  thereof, 
and  the  District  of  Columbia,  in  the  execution  of  this  Act,  and 
•all  agents,  agencies,  and  all  officers  of  the  United  States  and  of 
the  several  States  and  Territories,  dependencies,  and  municipal- 
ities thereof,  and  the  District  of  Columbia,  shall  hereby  have  full 
authority  for  all  acts  done  by  them  in  the  execution  of  this  Act 
when  acting  by  the  direction  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines. 

Sec.  22.  That  for  the  enforcement  of  the  provisions  of  this  Act, 
including  personal  services  in  the  District  of  Columbia  and  else- 
where, and  including  supplies,  equipment,  expenses  of  traveling 
and  subsistence,  and  for  the  purchase  and  hire  of  animal-drawn 
or  motor-propelled  passenger-carrying  vehicles,  and  upkeep  of 
same,  and  for  every  other  expense  incident  to  the  enforcement  of 
the  provisions  of  this  Act,  there  is  hereby  appropriated,  out  of  any 
money  in  the  Treasury  not  otherwise  appropriated,  the  sum  of 
$300,000,  or  so  much  thereof  as  may  be  necessary:  Provided,  That 
not  to  exceed  $10,000  shall  be  expended  in  the  purchase  of  motor- 
propelled  passenger-carrying  vehicles.  [Amended  by  act  of  July 
I,  1918.] 

1918 — Act  of  March  28,  1918  (40  Stat.  L.,  490) — An  Act 
Making  appropriations  to  supply  urgent  deficien- 
cies in  appropriations  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
30,  1918,  and  prior  fiscal  years,  on  account  of  war 
expenses,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*    *    *    * 

Bureau  of  Mines.  War  materials  investigation:  For  inquiries 
and  scientific  and  technologic  investigations  concerning  the  min- 
ing, preparation,  treatment,  and  utilization  of  ores  and  other  mineral 
substances  which  are  particularly  needed  for  carrying  on  the  war, 
in  connection  with  military  and  manufacturing  purposes,  and  which 
have  heretofore  been  largely  imported,  with  a  view  to  developing 
domestic  sources  of  supply  and  substitutes  for  such  ores  and  min- 
eral products  as  are  particularly  needed,  and  conserving  resources 
through  the  prevention  of  waste  in  the  mining,  quarrying,  metal- 
lurgical, and  other  mineral  industries;  to  inquire  into  the  economic 
conditions  affecting  these  industries;  and  including  all  equipment, 
supplies,  expenses  of  travel,  and  subsistence,  and  not  exceeding 
$5,340  for  personal  services  in  the  District  of  Columbia;  to  continue 
available  during  the  fiscal  year  nineteen  hundred  and  nineteen, 
$150,000. 

1918— Act  of  July  i,  1918  (40  Stat.  L.,  634,  671,  672)— An 
Act  Making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses 


LAWS 


107 


of  the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  nineteen,  and  for 
other  purposes. 


That  any  license  issued  under  the  Act  of  October  sixth,  nine- 
teen hundred  and  seventeen,  may  be  canceled  by  the  Director  of  the 
Bureau  of  Mines  if  the  person  to  whom  such  license  was  issued 
shall,  after  notice  and  an  opportunity  to  be  heard,  be  found  to 
have  violated  any  of  the  provisions  of  the  Act. 

That  platinum,  iridium,  and  palladium  and  compounds  thereof 
are  hereby  made  subject  to  the  terms,  conditions,  and  limitations 
of  said  Act  of  October  sixth,  nineteen  hundred  and  seventeen,  and 
the  Director  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines  is  hereby  authorized,  under 
rules  and  regulations  approved  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior, 

to  limit  the   sale,  possession,   and   the   use   of  said  material. 

*  *     *     * 

For  purchase  or  lease  of  necessary  land,  where  and  under  such 
conditions  as  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  may  direct,  for  the 
headquarters  of  mine-rescue  cars  and  construction  of  neccessary 
railway  sidings  and  housing  for  the  same,  or  as  the  site  of  an 
experimental  mine  and  a  plant  for  studying  explosives,  $1,000: 
Provided,  That  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  is  authorized  to  ac- 
cept any  suitable  land  or  lands,  buildings,  or  improvements,  that 
may  be  donated  for  said  purpose  and  to  enter  into  leases  for 
periods  not  exceeding  ten  years,  subject  to  annual  appropriations 

by  Congress. 

*  *     *     * 

The  purchase  of  supplies  and  equipment  or  the  procurement  of 
services  for  the  Bureau  of  Mines  outside  of  the  District  of 
Columbia,  hereafter  may  be  made  in  open  market  in  the  manner 
common  among  business  men  when  the  aggregate  amount  of  the 
purchase  does  not  exceed  $50; 

Government  Fuel  Yard:  The  Secretary  of  the  Interior  is  author- 
ized and  directed  to  establish  in  the  District  of  Columbia  storage 
and  distributing  yards  for  the  storage  of  fuel  for  the  use  of  and 
delivery  to  all  branches  of  the  Federal  Service  and  the  municipal 
government  in  the  District  of  Columbia  and  such  parts  thereof  as 
may  be  situated  immediately  without  the  District  of  Columbia  and 
economically  can  be  supplied  therefrom,  and  to  select,  purchase, 
contract  for,  and  distribute  all  fuel  required  by  the  said  services. 
Authority  is  granted  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  in  connection 
with  the  establishment  of  the  said  yards,  to  procure  by  purchase, 
requisition  for  immediate  use,  condemnation,  or  lease  for  such 
period  as  may  be  necessary,  land,  wharves,  and  railroad  trestles 
and  siding  requisite  therefor.  All  branches  of  the  Federal  service 
and  the  municipal  government  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  from 
and  after  the  establishment  of  the  said  fuel  yards,  shall  purchase 
all  fuel  from  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  and  make  payment 
therefor  from  applicable  appropriations  at  the  actual  cost  thereof 
>  the  United  States,  including  all  expenses  connected  therewith; 

For  the  establishment  of  the  fuel  storage  and  distributing  yards 


108  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

herein  authorized,  including  the  procurement  of  the  necssary  land, 
wharves,  railroad  sidings,  and  trestles;  storing,  handling,  and  dis- 
tributing equipment,  including  motor-propelled  passenger-carrying 
vehicles  for  inspectors;  and  all  other  expenses  requisite  for  and 
incident  thereto,  including  personal  services  in  the  District  of 
Columbia;  $432,300,  to  be  available  immediately. 
*  *  *  * 

That  no  part  of  any  moneys  herein  or  hereafter  appropriated 
shall  be  used  for  the  purpose  of  taking  over  or  in  any  way  inter- 
fering with  the  yards  or  coal  dumps  or  other  facilities  for  storage 
and  distribution  of  coal  that  have  been  used  and  occupied  in  the 
past  year  by  coal  dealers  for  supplying  the  general  public. 

1918 — Act  of  October  5,  1918  (40  Stat.  L.,  1009) — An  Act 
To  provide  further  for  the  national  security  and  de- 
fense by  encouraging  the  production,  conserving  the 
supply,  and  controlling  the  distribution  of  those 
ores,  metals,  and  minerals  which  have  formerly  been 
largely  imported,  or  of  which  there  is  or  may  be 
an  inadequate  supply. 

[Sec.  i].  That  by  reason  of  the  existence  of  a  state  war,  it 
is  essential  to  the  national  security  and  defense,  and  to  the  suc- 
cessful prosecution  of  the  war,  and  for  the  support  and  mainten- 
ance of  the  Army  and  Navy,  to  provide  for  an  adequate  and  in- 
creased supply,  to  facilitate  the  production,  and  to  provide  for  an 
equitable,  economical,  and  better  distribution  of  the  following-named 
mineral  substances  and  ores,  minerals,  intermediate  metallurgical 
products,  metals,  alloys,  and  chemical  compounds  thereof,  to  wit: 
Antimony,  arsenic,  ball  clay,  bismuth,  bromine,  cerium,  chalk,  chro- 
mium, cobalt,  corundum,  emery,  fluorspar,  ferrosilicon,  fuller's 
earth,  graphite,  grinding  pebbles,  iridium,  kaolin,  magnesite,  man- 
ganese, mercury,  mica,  molybdenum,  osmium,  sodium,  platinum,  pal- 
ladium, paper  clay,  phosphorus,  potassium,  pyrites,  radium,  sulphur, 
thorium,  tin,  titanium,  tungsten,  uranium,  vanadium,  and  zirconium, 
as  the  President  may  from  time  to  time,  determine  to  be  necessary 
for  the  purposes  aforesaid,  and  as  to  which  there  is  at  the  time  of 
such  determination,  a  present  or  prospective  inadequacy  of  supply. 
The  aforesaid  substances  mentioned  in  any  such  determination  are 
hereinafter  referred  to  as  necessaries. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  President  is  authorized  from  time  to  time  to 
purchase  such  necessaries  and  to  enter  into,  to  accept,  to  transfer, 
and  to  assign  contracts  for  the  production  or  purchase  of  same,  to 
provide  storage  facilities  for  and  store  the  same,  to  provide  or  im- 
prove transportation  facilities,  and  to  use,  distribute,  or  allocate  said 
necessaries,  or  to  sell  the  same  at  reasonable  prices,  but  such  sales 
made  during  the  war  shall  not  be  at  a  price  less  than  the  purchase 
or  cost  of  production  thereof:  Provided,  That  no  such  contract  of 


LAWS  109 

purchase    shall    cover    a    period    longer   than    two   years    after    the 
termination  of  the  war. 

The  President  is  further  authorized,  upon  finding  that  importa- 
tion into  the  United  States  of  any  of  the  necessaries  covered  by  this 
Act  is  likely  to  result  in  a  loss  to  the  United  Sates  on  any  neces- 
saries which  it  may  have  acquired  hereunder,  to  ascertain,  fix,  and 
proclaim  such  rate  of  duty  upon  such  imported  necessaries  as 'shall 
be  sufficient  to  adequately  protect  the  United  States  from  any  such 
loss. 

The  funds  provided  by  section  six  hereof  shall  be  used  in  carrying 
out  the  powers  granted  by  this  section,  and  all  moneys  received  by 
the  United  States  from  or  in  connection  with  the  disposal  of  such 
necessaries,  shall  be  used  as  a  revolving  fund  for  further  carrying 
out  the  purposes  of  this  Act.  Any  balance  of  such  moneys  re- 
maining when  the  object  of  this  Act  has  been  accomplished,  shall, 
as  collected,  received,  and  on  hand  and  available,  be  covered  into 
the  Treasury  as  miscellaneous  receipts. 

Sec.  3.  That  the  President  is  authorized  to  requisition  and 
take  over  any  of  said  necessaries  and  to  use,  distribute,  allocate,  or 
sell  the  same;  and  also  to  requisition  and  take  over  any  unde- 
veloped mine,  and  any  idle  or  partially  operated  smelter,  or  plant, 
or  part  thereof,  producing  or,  in  his  judgment  capable  of 
producing  said  necessaries,  or  either  of  them,  and  to  develop  and 
operate  such  mine  or  deposit  or  such  smelter  or  plant,  either  through 
the  agencies  hereinafter  mentioned,  or  under  lease  or  royalty  agree- 
ment, or  in  any  other  manner,  and  to  store,  use,  distribute,  allocate, 
or  sell  the  products  thereof:  Provided,  That  no  ores  or  metals,  the 
principal  money  value  of  which  consists  in  metals  or  minerals  other 
than  those  specifically  enumerated  in  section  one  hereof,  shall  be 
subject  to  requisition  under  the  provisions  of  this  Act.  Whenever 
the  President  shall  determine  that  the  further  use  or  operation  by 
the  Government  of  any  such  land,  deposit,  mine,  smelter,  or  plant, 
or  part  thereof,  so  acquired,  is  no  longer  essential  for  the  objects 
aforesaid,  the  same  shall  be  returned  to  the  person,  firm  or  corpora- 
tion entitled  thereto.  The  United  States  shall  make  just  compensa- 
tion, determined  by  the  President,  for  the  taking  over,  use,  occupa- 
tion, or  operation  by  the  Government  of  any  such  necessaries,  or 
any  such  land,  deposit,  mine,  smelter,  or  plant,  or  part  thereof. 
If  the  compensation  so  determined  be  unsatisfactory  to  the  person, 
firm,  or  corporation  entitled  thereto,  such  person,  firm,  or  corpora- 
tion shall  be  paid  seventy-five  per  centum  of  the  amount  so  deter- 
mined and  shall  be  entitled  to  sue  the  United  States  to  recover  such 
further  sum  as  added  to  said  seventy-five  per  centum  will  make  up 
such  amount  as  will  be  just  compensation,  in  the  manner  provided 
by  section  twenty-four,  paragraph  twenty,  and  section  one  hundred 
and  forty-five,  of  the  Judicial  Code. 

The  President  is  authorized  to  require  statements  and  reports,  to 
examine  books  and  papers,  and  to  prescribe  such  rules  and  regula- 
tions as  he  may  deem  appropriate  for  carrying  out  the  purposes  of 
this  Act.  The  fund  provided  by  section  six  hereof  may  be  used 
in  carrying  out  the  purposes  of  this  Act,  and  all  moneys  received 
by  the  United  States  from  or  in  connection  with  the  use,  operation, 


no  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

or  disposal  of  any  such  necessaries,  land,  deposit,  mine,  smelter, 
or  plant,  or  part  thereof,  shall  be  used  as  a  revolving  fund  for 
further  carrying  out  the  purposes  of  this  Act.  Any  balance  of  such 
moneys  remaining  when  the  objects  of  this  Act  have  been  ac- 
complished, shall,  as  collected,  received,  and  on  hand  and  available, 
be  covered  into  the  Treasury  as  miscellaneous  receipts. 

Sec.  4.  That  any  person  who  shall  neglect  or  refuse  to  comply 
with  any  order  or  requisition  made  by  the  President  pursuant  to  the 
provisions  of  this  Act,  or  who  shall  obstruct  or  attempt  to  obstruct 
the  enforcement  of  or  the  compliance  with  any  such  requisition  or 
order,  or  who  shall  violate  any  of  the  provisions  of  this  Act,  or 
any  rule  or  regulation  adopted  hereunder,  shall,  upon  conviction, 
be  fined  not  exceeding  $5,000,  or  be  imprisoned  for  not  more  than 
two  years,  or  both. 

Sec.  5.  That  the  sum  of  $500,000  is  hereby  appropriated,  out  of 
any  moneys  in  the  Treasury  not  otherwise  appropriated,  to  be  avail- 
able until  June  thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  nineteen,  for  the 
payment  of  all  administrative  expenses  under  this  Act,  including 
personal  services,  travelling  and  subsistence  expenses,  the  payment 
of  rent,  the  purchase  of  equipment,  supplies,  postage,  printing, 
publications,  and  such  other  articles,  both  in  the  District  of  Colum- 
bia and  elsewhere,  as  the  President  may  deem  essential  and  proper. 

Sec.  6.  That  the  sum  of  $50,000,000  is  hereby  appropriated,  out 
of  any  moneys  in  the  Treasury  not  otherwise  appropriated,  which, 
together  with  all  moneys  received  from  time  to  time  under  the 
provisions  of  this  Act,  all  of  which  shall  be  credited  to  said  ap- 
propriation, shall  be  used  as  a  revolving  fund  for  carrying  out  the 
objects  of  this  Act,  and  for  the  purpose  of  making  all  payments  and 
disbursements,  including  just  compensation  under  section  three,  by 
this  Act  authorized:  Provided,  That  no  part  of  this  appropriation 
shall  be  expended  for  the  purposes  described  in  the  last  preceding 
section:  Provided  further,  That  a  detailed  report  of  all  operations 
under  this  Act,  including  all  receipts  and  disbursements,  shall  be 
filed  with  the  Secretary  of  the  Senate  and  Clerk  of  the  House 
of  Representatives  on  or  'before  the  twenty-fifth  day  of  each  month, 
covering  the  preceding  month's  operation.  Any  balance  of  said 
revolving  fund  remaining  when  the  objects  of  this  Act  have  been 
accomplished,  shall,  as  collected,  received,  and  on  hand  and  available, 
be  covered  into  the  Treasury  as  miscellaneous  receipts. 

Sec.  7.  That  the  President  is  authorized  to  exercise  each,  every, 
or  any  power  and  authority  hereby  vested  in  him,  and  to  expend 
the  moneys  herein  appropriated  or  provided  for,  or  any  part  or 
parts  thereof,  by  and  through  such  officer  or  officers,  department  or 
departments,  board  or  boards,  agent,  agents,  or  agencies  as  he  shall 
create  or  designate,  from  time  to  time,  for  the  purpose.  He  may 
fix  the  reasonable  compensation  for  the  performances  of  such  ser- 
vices, but  no  official  or  employee  of  the  United  States  shall  receive 
any  additional  compensation  for  such  services  except  as  now  per- 
mitted by  law:  Provided,  That  no  person  employed  under  the  pro- 
visions of  this  Act  shall  be  paid  any  salary  or  compensation  in^  excess 
of  that  paid  for  similar  or  like  services  rendered  in  executive  de- 
partments of  the  Government. 


LAWS  in 

Sec.  8.  No  person  having  a  pecuniary  interest  in  any  trans- 
action in  pursuance  of  this  Act  shall  have  any  official  connection 
under  this  Act  with  such  transaction.  Any  person  violating  this 
provision  shall  forfeit  to  the  Government  all  proceeds  which  he  shall 
have  received  from  such  transaction,  and  upon  due  conviction  of 
such  violation  shall  be  fined  not  exceeding  $10,000  or  imprisonment 
not  exceeding  ten  years. 

iSec.  9.  That  the  President  is  authorized,  if  in  his  judgment 
such  action  be  necessary  or  useful  for  the  objects  of  this  Act,  to 
form  one  or  more  corporations  under  the  laws  of  any  State,  Ter- 
ritory, District,  or  possession  of  the  United  States,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  carrying  out  the  powers  or  any  of  the  powers  hereby  author- 
ized. The  capital  stock  of  any  such  corporation  shall  be  such  as 
the  President  may  determine,  but  the  total  capital  stock  for  all  cor- 
porations so  formed  shall  not  exceed  in  the  aggregate  the  appropria- 
tion of  $50,000,000,  made  by  section  six  hereof.  Said  appropriation, 
or  any  part  thereof,  may  be  used  by  the  President  in  subscribing  on 
behalf  of  the  United  States,  through  such  person  or  persons  as  he 
may  designate,  to  the  capital  stock  of  such  corporation  or  cor- 
porations, and  the  capital  and  assets  of  any  such  corporation  or 
corporations,  together  with  all  additions  thereto  under  sections  two 
and  three  hereof,  may  be  used  in  carrying  out  the  objects  of  this 
Act.  The  directorate  and  organization  of  such  corporation  or 
corporations  shall  be  such  as  the  President  may  prescribe,  and 
such  corporation  or  corporations  shall  have  all  such  charter  powers 
as  may  be  deemed  necessary  or  desirable  by  the  President  to 
enable  it  or  them  to  accomplish  the  objects  of  this  Act.  The  capi- 
tal stock  of  any  such  corporation  or  corporations  shall  be  held  and 
voted  for  the  exclusive  benefit  of  the  United  States,  through  such 
person  or  persons  as  the  President  may  designate. 

Sec.  10.  Upon  the  proclamation  of  peace 1  the  President  shall 
proceed  as  rapidly  as  possible  to  wind  up  and  terminate  all  trans- 
actions under  this  Act,  and  to  dispose  as  fast  as  practicable  of  all 
property  acquired  thereunder,  and  after  said  proclamation  of  peace 
no  contracts  shall  be  made,  property  acquired,  or  other  transaction 
performed  under  this  Act  except  such  as  shall  be  necessary  for 
the  purpose  of  this  section  and  incidental  thereto,  and  two  years 
after  such  proclamation  of  peace  this  Act  shall  cease  to  have  effect 
and  all  powers  conferred  thereby  shall  end:  Provided,  That  the 
termination  of  this  Act  shall  not  prevent  the  subsequent  collection 
of  any  moneys  due  the  United  States,  nor  shall  it  affect  any  act 
done  or  any  right  or  obligation  accrued  or  accruing,  or  any  suit  or 
proceeding  had  or  commenced  before  such  termination,  but  all  such 
collections,  rights,  obligations,  suits,  and  proceedings  shall  continue 
as  if  this  Act  had  not  terminated,  and  any  offense  committed  or 
liability  incurred  prior  thereto  shall  be  prosecuted  in  the  same  man- 
ner and  with  the  same  punishment  and  effect  as  if  this  Act  had 
not  terminated. 

Sec.  ii.  That  employment  under  the  provisions  of  this  Act  shall 
not  exempt  any  person  from  military  service  under  the  provisions  of 
the  selective  draft  law  approved  May  eighteenth,  nineteen  hun- 
dred and  seventeen,  or  any  Act  amendatory  thereto. 

1  July  2,  1921. 


112  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

Sec.  12.  That  if  any  section  or  provision  of  this  Act  shall  be 
declared  invalid  for  any  reason  whatsoever,  such  invalidity  shall 
not  be  construed  to  affect  the  validity  of  any  other  section  or 
provision  hereof.1 

1919 — Act  of  February  25,  1919  (40  Stat.  L.,  1154) — An 
Act  Authorizing  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  to 
make  investigations,  through  the  Bureau  of  Mines, 
of  lignite  coals  and  peat,  to  determine  the  practicabil- 
ity of  their  utilization  as  a  fuel  and  in  producing 
commercial  products. 

[Sec.  i]  .  That  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  is  hereby  author- 
ized and  directed  to  make  experiments  and  investigations, 
through  the  Bureau  of  Mines,  of  lignite  coals  and  peat,  to 
determine  the  commercial  and  economic  practicability  of  their 
utilization  in  producing  fuel  oil,  gasoline  substitutes,  ammonia,  tar 
solid  fuels,  gas  for  power  and  other  purposes ;  and  there  is  hereby 
appropriated,  out  of  the  funds  in  the  Treasury  not  otherwise  ap- 
propriated, the  sum  of  $100,000,  or  so  much  thereof  as  may  be  needed, 
to  conduct  such  experiments  and  investigations,  including  personal 
services  in  the  District  of  Columbia  and  elsewhere,  and  including  sup- 
plies, equipment,  expenses  of  traveling  and  subsistence,  and  for  every 
other  expense  incident  to  this  work. 

Sec.  2.  The  Secretary  of  the  Interior  is  authorized  and  directed 
to  sell  or  otherwise  dispose  of  any  property,  plant,  or  machinery 
purchased  or  acquired  under  the  provisions  of  this  Act,  as  soon 
as  the  experiments  and  investigations  hereby  authorized  have  been 
concluded,  and  report  the  results  of  such  experiments  and  investiga- 
tions to  Congress. 

1919 — Act  of  March  2,  1919  (40  Stat.  L.,  1272) — An  Act 
To  provide  relief  in  cases  of  contracts  connected 
with  the  prosecution  of  the  war,  and  for  other  pur- 
poses. 


Sec.  5.  That  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  be,  and  he  hereby 
is,  authorized  to  adjust,  liquidate,  and  pay  such  net  losses  as  have 
been  suffered  by  any  person,  firm,  or  corporation,  by  reason  of 
producing  or  preparing  to  produce,  either  manganese,  chrome,  pyrites, 

^"By  executive  order  of  November  n,  1918,  the  administration  of 
the  act  was  delegated  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior.  On  that  date 
the  armistice  ended  hostilities.  As  the  act  primarily  provided  for  in- 
suring production  for  war  purposes,  it  was  not  a  reconstruction  meas- 
ure and  further  legislation  was  required  for  that  purpose." — Bureau  of 
Mines,  Annual  Report,  1919,  p.  64. 


LAWS 

or  tungsten  in  compliance  with  the  request  or  demand  of  the  De- 
partment of  the  Interior,  the  War  Industries  Board,  the  War  Trade 
Board,  the  Shipping  Board,  or  the  Emergency  Fleet  Corporation 
to  supply  the  urgent  needs  of  the  Nation  in  the  prosecution  of  the 
war;  said  minerals  being  enumerated  in  the  Act  of  Congress  ap- 
proved October  fifth,  nineteen  hundred  and  eighteen,  entitled  "An 
Art  to  provide  further  for  the  national  security  and  defense  by 
encouraging  the  production,  conserving  the  supply,  and  controlling 
the  distribution  of  those  ores,  metals,  and  minerals  which  have 
formerly  been  largely  imported,  or  of  which  there  is  or  may  be  an 
inadequate  supply." 

The  said  Secretary  shall  make  such  adjustments  and  payments 
in  each  case  as  he  shall  determine  to  be  just  and  equitable;  that  the 
decision  of  said  Secretary  shall  be  conclusive  and  final,  subject  to 
the  limitation  hereinafter  provided;  that  all  payments  and  expenses 
incurred  by  said  Secretary,  including  personal  services,  traveling 
and  subsistence  expenses,  supplies,  postage,  printing,  and  all  other 
expenses  incident  to  the  proper  prosecution  of  this  work,  both  in 
the  District  of  Columbia  and  elsewhere,  as  the  Secretary  of  the 
Interior  may  deem  essential  and  proper,  shall  be  paid  from  the 
funds  appropriated  by  the  said  Act  of  October  fifth,  nineteen  hun- 
dred and  eighteen,  and  that  said  funds  and  appropriations  shall 
continue  to  be  available  for  said  purpose  until  such  time  as  the 
said  Secretary  shall  have  fully  exercised  the  authority  herein  granted 
and  performed  and  completed  the  duties  hereby  provided  and  im- 
posed: Provided,  however,  That  the  payments  and  disbursements 
made  under  the  provisions  of  this  section  for  and  in  connection 
with  the  payments  and  settlements  of  the  claims  herein  described, 
and  the  said  expenses  of  administration  shall  in  no  event  exceed 
the  sum  of  $8,500,000:  And  provided  further,  That  said  Secretary 
shall  consider,  approve,  and  dispose  of  only  such  claims  as  shall 
be  made  hereunder  and  filed  with  the  Department  of  the  Interior 
within  three  monhts  from  and  after  the  approval  of  this  Act:  And 
provided  further,  That  no  claim  shall  be  allowed  or  paid  by  said 
Secretary  unless  it  shall  appear  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  said  Secre- 
tary that  the  expenditures  so  made  or  obligations  so  incurred  by 
the  claimant  were  made  in  good  faith  for  or  upon  property  which 
contained  either  manganese,  chrome,  pyrites,  or  tungsten  in  suffi- 
cient quantities  to  be  of  commercial  importance:  And  provided 
further,  That  no  claims  shall  be  paid  unless  it  shall  appear  to  the 
satisfaction  of  said  Secretary  that  moneys  were  invested  or  obliga- 
tions were  incurred  subsequent  to  April  sixth,  nineteen  hundred 
and  seventeen,  and  prior  to  November  twelfth,  nineteen  hundred  and 
eighteen,  in  a  legitimate  attempt  to  produce  either  manganese,  chrome, 
pyrites,  or  tungsten  for  the  needs  of  the  Nation  for  the  prosecution 
of  the  war,  and  that  no  profits  of  any  kind  shall  be  included  in  the 
allowance  of  any  of  said  claims,  and  that  no  investment  for  merely 
speculative  purposes  shall  be  recognized  in  any  manner  by  said  Secre- 
tary :  And  provided  further,  That  the  settlement  of  any  claim  arising 
under  the  provisions  of  this  section  shall  not  bar  the  United  States 
Government,  through  any  of  its  duly  authorized  agencies,  or  any 
committee  of  Congress  hereafter  duly  appointed,  from  the  right 


ii4  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

of  review  of  such  settlement,  nor  the  right  to  recover  any  money 
paid  by  the  Government  to  any  party  under  and  by  virtue  of  the 
provisions  of  this  section,  if  the  Government  has  been  defrauded,  and 
the  right  of  recovery  in  all  such  cases  shall  extend  to  the  executors, 
administrators,  heirs,  and  assigns  of  any  party. 

That  a  report  of  all  operations  under  this  section,  including 
receipts  and  disbursements,  shall  be  made  to  Congress  on  or  before 
the  first  Monday  in  December  of  each  year. 

_  That  nothing  in  this  section  shall  be  construed  to  confer  jurisdic- 
tion upon  any  court  to  entertain  a  suit  against  the  United  States: 
Provided  further,  That  in  determining  the  net  losses  of  any  claim- 
ant the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  shall,  among  other  things,  take 
into  consideration  and  charge  to  the  claimant,  the  then  market  value 
of  any  ores  or  minerals  on  hand  belonging  to  the  claimant,  and 
also  the  salvage  or  usable  value  of  any  machinery  or  other  ap- 
pliances which  may  be  claimed  was  purchased  to  equip  said  mine 
for  the  purpose  of  complying  with  the  request  or  demand  of  the 
agencies  of  the  Government  above  mentioned  in  the  manner  afore- 
said.1 

1919 — Act  of  July  19,  1919  (41  Stat.  L.,  163,  199) — An  Act 
Making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of 
the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 
1920,  and  for  other  purposes. 


For  the  purchase  or  lease  of  necessary  land,  where  and  under 
such  conditions  as  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  may  direct,  for 
headquarters  of  mine-rescue  cars  and  construction  of  necessary 
railway  sidings  and  housing  for  the  same,  or  as  the  site  of  an  ex- 
perimental mine  and  a  plant  for  studying  explosives,  $1,000:  Provided, 
That  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  is  authorized  to  accept  any  suit- 
able land  or  lands,  buildings,  or  improvements,  that  may  be  donated 
for  said  purpose  and  to  enter  into  leases  for  periods  not  exceeding 
ten  years,  subject  to  annual  appropriation  by  Congress. 

1920 — Act  of  February  25,  1920  (41  Stat.  L.,  437) — An  Act 
To  promote  the  mining  of  coal,  phosphate,  oil,  oil 
shale,  gas,  and  sodium  on  the  public  domain. 

[Sec.  i].  That  deposits  of  coal,  phosphate,  sodium,  oil,  oil  shale, 
or  gas,  and  lands  containing  such  deposits  owned  by  the  United 

1  "For  the  execution  of  this  provision  a  commission  of  three  members, 
known  as  the  War  Minerals  Relief  Commission,  was  appointed  by  the 
Secretary  of  the  Interior  for  the  purpose  of  reviewing  the  claims  and 
making  recommendations  to  the  Secretary,  in  whom  final  action  is  vested. 
*  *  *  The  Director  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines  is  authorized  to  conduct 
examination  of  properties,  accounting  investigations,  office  routine,  and 
the  administrative  work  of  the  Commission." — Bureau  of  Mines,  Annual 
Report,  1920,  p.  31. 


LAWS  115 

States,  including  those  in  national  forests,  but  excluding  lands  ac- 
quired under  the  Act  known  as  the  Appalachian  Forest  Act,  approved 
March  i,  1911  (Thirty-sixth  Statutes,  page  961),  and  those  in 
national  parks,  and  in  lands  withdrawn  or  reserved  for  military  or 
naval  uses  or  purposes,  except  as  hereinafter  provided,  shall  be  subject 
to  disposition  in  the  form  and  manner  provided  by  this  Act  to 
citizens  of  the  United  States,  or  to  any  association  of  such  per- 
sons, or  to  any  corporation  organized  under  the  laws  of  the  United 
States,  or  of  any  State  or  Territory  thereof,  and  in  the  case  of 
coal,  oil,  oil  shale,  or  gas,  to  municipalities:  Provided,  That  the 
United  States  reserves  the  right  to  extract  helium  from  all  gas 
produced  from  lands  permitted,  leased,  or  otherwise  granted  under 
the  provisions  of  this  Act,  under  such  rules  and  regulations  as 
shall  be  prescribed  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior :  Provided  further, 
That  in  the  extraction  of  helium  from  gas  produced  from  such 
lands,  it  shall  be  so  extracted  as  to  cause  no  substantial  delay  in 
the  delivery  of  gas  produced  from  the  well  to  the  purchaser  thereof: 
And  provided  further,  That  citizens  of  another  country,  the  laws, 
customs,  or  regulations  of  which,  deny  similar  or  like  privileges  to 
citizens  or  corporations  of  this  country,  shall  not  by  stock  owner- 
ship, stock  holding,  or  stock  control,  own  any  interest  in  any  lease 
acquired  under  the  provisions  of  this  Act. 

COAL 

Sec.  2.  That  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  is  authorized  to,  and 
upon  the  petition  of  any  qualified  applicant  shall,  divide  any  of  the 
coal  lands  or  the  deposits  of  coal,  classified  and  unclassified,  owned 
by  the  United  States,  outside  of  the  Territory  of  Alaska,  into  leas- 
ing tracts  of  forty  acres  each,  or  multiples  thereof,  and  in  such 
form  as,  in  the  opinion  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  will  permit 
the  most  economical  mining  of  the  coal  in  such  tracts,  but  in  no 
case  exceeding  two  thousand  five  hundred  and  sixty  acres  in  any 
one  leasing  tract,  and  thereafter  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  shall, 
in  his  discretion,  and  upon  the  request  of  any  qualified  applicant 
or  on  his  own  motion,  from  time  to  time,  offer  such  lands  or 
deposits  of  coal  for  leasing,  and  shall  award  leases  thereon  by  com- 
petitive bidding  or  by  such  other  methods  as  he  may  by  general 
regulations  adopt,  to  any  qualified  applicant:  Provided,  That  the 
Secretary  is  hereby  authorized,  in  awarding  leases  for  coal  lands 
heretofore  improved  and  occupied  or  claimed  in  good  faith,  to  con- 
sider and  recognize  equitable  rights  of  such  occupants  or  claimants: 
Provided  further,  That  where  prospecting  or  exploratory  work  is 
necessary  to  determine  the  existence  or  workability  of  coal  deposits 
in  any  unclaimed,  undeveloped  area,  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  may 
issue,  to  applicants  qualified  under  this  Act,  prospecting  permits 
for  a  term  of  two  years,  for  not  exceeding  two  thousand  five  hun- 
dred and  sixty  acres;  and  if  within  said  period  of  two  years  there- 
after, and  permittee  shows  to  the  Secretary  that  the  land  contains 
coal  in  commercial  quantities,  the  permittee  shall  be  entitled  to  a 
lease  under  this  Act  for  all  or  part  of  the  land  in  his  permit:  And 
provided  further,  That  no  lease  of  coal  under  this  Act  shall  be 


u6  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

approved  or  issued  until  after  notice  of  the  proposed  lease,  or  offer- 
ing for  lease,  has  been  given  for  thirty  days  in  a  newspaper  of 
general  circulation  in  the  county  in  which  the  lands  or  deposits  are 
situated:  And  provided  further,  That  no  company  or  corporation 
operating  a  common  carrier  railroad  shall  be  given  or  hold  a  permit 
or  lease  under  the  provisions  of  this  Act  for  any  coal  deposits  except 
for  its  own  use  for  railroad  purposes;  and  such  limitations  of 
use  shall  be  expressed  in  all  permits  and  leases  issued  to  such  com- 
panies or  corporations,  and  no  such  company  or  corporation  shall 
receive  or  hold  more  than  one  permit  or  lease  for  each  two  hundred 
miles  of  its  railroad  line  within  the  State  in  which  said  property 
is  situated,  exclusive  of  spurs  of  switches  and  exclusive  of  branch 
lines  built  to  connect  the  leased  coal  with  the  railroad,  and  also 
exclusive  of  parts  of  the  railroad  operated  mainly  by  power  produced 
otherwise  than  by  steam :  And  provided  further,  That  nothing  herein 
shall  preclude  such  a  railroad  of  less  than  two  hundred  miles  in 
length  from  securing  and  holding  one  permit  or  lease  hereunder. 

Sec.  3.  That  any  person,  association,  or  corporation  holding 
a  lease  of  coal  lands  or  coal  deposits  under  this  Act  may,  with  the 
approval  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  upon  a  finding  by  him 
that  it  will  be  for  the  advantage  of  the  lessee  and  the  United  States, 
secure  modifications  of  his  or  its  original  lease  by  including  additional 
coal  lands  or  coal  deposits  contiguous  to  those  embraced  in  such 
lease,  but  in  no  event  shall  the  total  area  embraced  in  such  modified 
lease  exceed  in  the  aggregate  two  thousand  five  hundred  and  sixty 
acres. 

Sec.  4.  That  upon  satisfactory  showing  by  any  lessee  to  the 
Secretary  of  the  Interior  that  all  of  the  workable  deposits  of  coal 
within  a  tract  covered  by  his  or  its  lease  will  be  exhausted,  worked 
out,  or  removed  within  three  years  thereafter,  the  Secretary  of  the 
Interior  may,  within  his  discretion,  lease  to  such  lessee  an  additional 
tract  of  land  or  coal  deposits,  which  including  the  coal  area  remain- 
ing in  the  existing  lease,  shall  not  exceed  two  thousand  five  hun- 
dred and  sixty  acres,  through  the  same  procedure  and  under  the 
same  conditions  as  in  the  case  of  an  original  lease. 

Sec.  5.  That  if,  in  the  judgment  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior, 
the  public  interest  will  be  subserved  thereby,  lessees  holding  under 
lease  areas  not  exceeding  the  maximum  permitted  under  this  Act 
may  consolidate  their  leases  through  the  surrender  of  the  original 
leases  and  the  inclusion  of  such  areas  in  a  new  lease  of  not  to 
exceed  two  thousand  five  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  contiguous 
lands. 

Sec.  6.  That  where  coal  or  phosphate  lands  aggregating  two 
thousand  five  hundred  and  sixty  acres  and  subject  to  lease  here- 
under do  not  exist  as  contiguous  areas,  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior 
is  authorized,  if,  in  his  opinion  the  interest  of  the  public  and  of 
the  lessee  will  be  thereby  subserved,  to  embrace  in  a  single  lease 
noncontiguous  tracts  which  can  'be  operated  as  a  single  mine  or 
unit. 

Sec.  7.  That  for  the  privilege  of  mining  or  extracting  the  coal 
in  the  lands  covered  by  the  lease  the  lessee  shall  pay  to  the  United 
States  such  royalties  as  may  be  specified  in  the  lease,  which  shall 
be  fixed  in  advance  of  offering  the  same,  and  which  shall  not  be  less 


LAWS  117 

than  5  cents  per  ton  of  two  thousand  pounds,  due  and  payable  at  the 
end  of  each  third  month  succeeding  that  of  the  extraction  of  the 
coal  from  the  mine,  and  an  annual  rental,  payable  at  the  date  of 
such  lease  and  annually  thereafter,  on  the  lands  or  coal  deposits 
covered  by  such  lease,  at  such  rate  as  may  be  fixed  by  the  Secretary 
of  the  Interior  prior  to  offering  the  same,  which  shall  not  be  less  than 
25  cents  per  acre  for  the  first  year  thereafter,  not  less  than  50 
cents  per  acre  for  the  second,  third,  fourth,  and  fifth  years,  respec- 
tively, and  not  less  than  $i  per  acre  for  each  and  every  year  there- 
after during  the  continuance  of  the  lease,  except  that  such  rental 
for  any  year  shall  be  credited  against  the  royalties  as  they  accrue 
for  that  year.  Leases  shall  be  for  indeterminate  periods  upon  con- 
dition of  diligent  development  and  continued  operation  of  the 
mine  or  mines,  except  when  such  operation  shall  be  interrupted  by 
strikes,  the  elements,  or  casualties  not  attributable  to  the  lessee,  and 
upon  the  further  condition  that  at  the  end  of  each  twenty-year 
period  succeeding  the  date  of  the  lease  such  readjustment  of  terms 
and  conditions  may  be  made  as  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  may 
determine,  unless  otherwise  provided  by  law  at  the  time  of  the 
expiration  of  such  periods:  Provided,  That  the  Secretary  of  the 
Interior  may,  if  in  his  judgment  the  public  interest  will  be  sub- 
served thereby,  in  lieu  of  the  provision  herein  contained  requiring 
continuous  operation  of  the  mine  or  mines,  provide  in  the  lease 
for  the  payment  of  an  annual  advance  royalty  upon  a  minimum 
number  of  tons  of  coal,  which  in  no  case  shall  aggregate  less  than 
the  amount  of  rentals  herein  provided  for:  Provided  further,  That 
the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  may  permit  suspension  of  operation 
under  such  lease  for  not  to  exceed  six  months  at  any  one  time 
when  market  conditions  are  such  that  the  lease  can  not  be  operated 
except  at  a  loss. 

Sec.  8.  That  in  order  to  provide  for  the  supply  of  strictly 
local  domestic  needs  for  fuel,  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  may, 
under  such  rules  and  regulations  as  he  may  prescribe  in  advance, 
issue  limited  licenses  or  permits  to  individuals  or  associations  of 
individuals  to  prospect  for,  mine,  and  take  for  their  use  but  not 
for  sale,  coal  from  the  public  lands  without  payment  of  royalty  for 
the  coal  mined  or  the  land  occupied,  on  such  conditions  not  in- 
consistent with  this  Act  as  in  his  opinion  will  safeguard  the  public 
interests:  Provided,  That  this  privilege  shall  not  extend  to  any 
corporations:  Provided  further,  That  in  the  case  of  municipal  cor- 
porations the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  may  issue  such  limited 
license  or  permit,  for  not  to  exceed  three  hundred  and  twenty  acres 
for  a  municipality  of  not  less  than  one  hundred  thousand  popula- 
tion, and  not  to  exceed  one  thousand  two  hundred  and  eighty  acres 
for  a  municipality  of  not  less  than  one  hundred  thousand  and  not 
more  than  one  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  population  and  not  to 
exceed  two  thousand  five  hundred  and  sixty  acres  for  a  municipality 
of  one  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  population  or  more,  the  land  to 
be  selected  within  the  State  wherein  the  municipal  applicant  may  be 
located,  upon  condition  that  such  municipal  corporations  will  mir 
the  coal  therein  under  proper  conditions  and  dispose  of  the  same 
without  profit  to  residents  of  such  municipality  for  household  use: 


: 


US  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

And  provided  further,  That  the  acquisition  or  holding-  of  a  lease 
under  the  preceding  sections  of  this  Act  shall  be  no  bar  to  the  hold- 
ing of  such  tract  or  operation  of  such  mine  under  said  limited 
license. 


PHOSPHATES 

-Sec.  9.  That  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  is  hereby  authorized 
to  lease  to  any  applicant  qualified  under  this  Act  any  lands  belonging 
to  the  United  'States  containing  deposits  yof  phosphates,  under 
such  restrictions  and  upon  such  terms  as  <are  herein  specified, 
through  advertisement,  competitive  bidding,  or  such  other  methods 
as  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  may  by  general  regulation  adopt. 

Sec.  10.  That  each  lease  shall  be  for  not  to  exceed  two  thou- 
sand five  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  land  to  be  described  by  the 
legal  subdivisions  of  the  public  land  surveys,  if  surveyed;  if  unsur- 
veyed,  to  be  surveyed  by  the  Government  at  the  expense  of  the 
applicant  for  lease,  in  accordance  with  rules  and  regulations  pre- 
scribed by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  with  the  lands  leased  shall 
be  conformed  to  and  taken  in  accordance  with  the  legal  subdivisions 
of  such  survey;  deposits  made  to  cover  expense  of  surveys  shall 
be  deemed  appropriated  for  -that  purpose;  and  any  excess  deposits 
shall  be  repaid  to  the  person,  association,  or  corporation  making 
such  deposits  or  their  legal  representatives:  Provided,  That  the 
land  embraced  in  any  one  lease  shall  be  in  compact  form,  the  length 
of  which  shall  not  exceed  two  and  one  half  times  its  width. 

Sec.  ii.  That  for  the  privilege  of  mining  or  extracting  the 
phosphates  or  phosphate  rock  covered  by  the  lease  the  lessee  shall 
pay  to  the  United  States  such  royalties  as  may  be  specified  in  the 
lease,  which  shall  be  fixed  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  in  ad- 
vance of  offering  the  same,  which  shall  not  be  less  than  2  per  centum 
of  the  gross  value  of  the  output  of  phosphates  or  phosphate  rock 
at  the  mine,  due  and  payable  at  the  end  of  each  third  month  suc- 
ceeding that  of  the  sale  or  other  disposition  of  the  phosphates  or 
phosphate  rock,  and  an  annual  rental  payable  at  the  date  of  such 
lease  and  annually  thereafter  on  the  area  covered  by  such  lease 
at  such  rate  as  may  be  fixed  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  prior 
to  offering  the  lease,  which  shall  be  not  less  than  25  cents  per  acre 
for  the  first  year  thereafter,  50  cents  per  acre  for  the  second,  third, 
fourth,  and  fifth  years,  respectively,  and  $i  per  acre  for  each  and 
every  year  thereafter  during  the  continuance  of  the  lease,  except 
that  such  rental  for  any  year  shall  be  credited  against  the  royalties 
as  they  accrue  for  that  year.  Leases  shall  be  for  indeterminate 
periods  upon  condition  of  a  minimum  annual  production,  except  when 
operation  shall  be  interrupted  by  strikes,  the  elements,  or  casualties 
not  attributable  to  the  lessee,  and  upon  the  further  condition  that 
at  the  end  of  each  twenty-year  period  succeeding  the  date  of  the 
lease  such  readjustment  of  terms  and  conditions  shall  be  made  as 
the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  shall  determine  unless  otherwise 
provided  by  law  at  the  time  of  the  expiration  of  such  periods: 
Provided,  That  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  may  permit  suspen- 
sion of  operation  under  such  lease  for  not  exceeding  twelve  months 


LAWS  119 

at  any  one  time  when  market  conditions  are  such  that  the  lease  can 
not  be  operated  except  at  a  loss. 

Sec.  12.  That  any  qualified  applicant  to  whom  the  Secretary 
of  the  Interior  may  grant  a  lease  to  develop  and  extract  phosphates, 
or  phosphate  rock,  under  the  provisions  of  this  Act  shall  have 
the  right  to  use  so  much  of  the  surface  of  unappropriated  and 
unentered  lands,  not  exceeding  forty  acres,  as  may  be  determined  by 
the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  to  be  necessary  for  the  proper  prospec- 
ting for  or  development,  extraction,  treatment,  and  removal  of 
such  mineral  deposits. 

OIL  AND  GAS 

Sec.  13.  That  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  is  hereby  author- 
ized, under  such  necessary  and  proper  rules  and  regulations  as  he 
may  prescribe,  to  grant  to  any  applicant  qualified  under  this  Act 
a  prospecting  permit,  which  shall  give  the  exclusive  right,  for  a 
period  not  exceeding  two  years,  to  prospect  for  oil  or  gas  upon 
not  to  exceed  two  thousand  five  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  land 
wherein  such  deposits  belong  to  the  United  States  and  are  not  within 
any  known  geological  structure  of  a  producing  oil  or  gas  field  upon 
condition  that  the  permittee  shall  begin  drilling  operations  within 
six  months  from  the  date  of  the  permit,  and  shall,  within  one  year 
from  and  after  the  date  of  permit,  drill  one  or  more  wells  for  oil 
or  gas  to  a  depth  of  not  less  than  five  hundred  feet  each,  unless 
valuable  deposits  of  oil  or  gas  shall  be  sooner  discovered,  and  shall, 
within  two  years  from  date  of  the  permit,  drill  for  oil  or  gas  to 
an  aggregate  depth  of  not  less  than  two  thousand  feet  unless  valu- 
able deposits  of  oil  or  gas  shall  be  sooner  discovered.  The  Secre- 
tary of  the  Interior  may,  if  he  shall  find  that  the  permittee  has  been 
unable  with  the  exercise  of  diligence  to  test  the  land  in  the  time 
granted  by  the  permit,  extend  any  such  permit  for  such  time,  not  ex- 
ceeding two  years,  and  upon  such  conditions  as  he  shall  prescribe. 
Whether  the  lands  sought  in  any  such  application  and  permit  are 
surveyed  or  unsurveyed  the  applicant  shall,  prior  to  filing  his  ap- 
plication for  permit,  locate  such  lands  in  a  reasonably  compact 
form  and  according  to  the  legal  subdivisions  of  the  public  land 
surveys  if  the  land  be  surveyed;  and  in  an  approximately  square  or 
rectangular  tract  if  the  land  be  an  unsurveyed  tract,  the  length  of 
which  shall  not  exceed  two  and  one-half  times  its  width,  and  if 
he  shall  cause  to  be  erected  upon  the  land  for  which  a  permit  is 
sought  a  monument  not  less  than  four  feet  high,  at  some  conspicu- 
ous place  thereon,  and  shall  post  a  notice  in  writing  on  or  near 
said  monument,  stating  that  an  application  for  permit  will  be  made 
within  thirty  days  after  date  of  posting  said  notice,  the  name  of 
the  applicant,  the  date  of  the  notice,  and  such  a  general  description 
of  the  land  to  be  covered  by  such  permit  by  reference  to  courses 
and  distances  from  such  monument  and  such  other  natural  objects 
and  permanent  monuments  as  will  reasonably  identify  the  land,  stat- 
ing the  amount  thereof  in  acres,  he  shall  during  the  period  of  thirty 
days  following  such  marking  and  posting,  be  entitled  to  preference 
right  over  others  to  a  permit  for  the  land  so  identified.  The  ap- 


120  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

plicant  shall,  within  ninety  days  after  receiving  a  permit  mark  each 
of  the  corners  of  the  tract  described  in  the  permit  upon  the  ground 
with  substantial  monuments,  so  that  the  boundaries  can  be  readily 
traced  on  the  ground,  and  shall  post  in  a  conspicuous  place  upon 
the  lands  a  notice  that  such  permit  has  been  granted  and  description 
of  the  lands  covered  thereby:  Provided,  That  in  the  Territory  of 
Alaska  prospecting  permits  not  more  than  five  in  number  may  be 
granted  to  any  qualified  applicant  for  periods  not  exceeding  four 
years,  actual  drilling  operations  shall  begin  within  two  years  from 
date  of  permit,  and  oil  and  gas  wells  shall  be  drilled  to  a  depth 
of  not  less  than  five  hundred  feet,  unless  valuable  deposits  of  oil 
or  gas  shall  be  sooner  discovered,  within  three  years  from  date  of 
the  permit  and  to  an  aggregate  depth  of  not  less  than  two  thousand 
feet  unless  valuable  deposits  of  oil  or  gas  shall  be  sooner  discovered, 
within  four  years  from  date  of  permit:  Provided  further,  That  in 
said  Territory  the  applicant  shall  have  a  preference  right  over  others 
to  a  permit  for  land  identified  by  temporary  monuments  and  notice 
posted  on  or  near  the  same  for  six  months  following  such  marking 
and  posting,  and  upon  receiving  a  permit  he  shall  mark  the  corners 
of  the  tract  described  in  the  permit  upon  the  ground  with  substantial 
monuments  within  one  year  after  receiving  such  permit. 

Sec.  14.  That  upon  establishing  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Interior  that  valuable  deposits  of  oil  or  gas  have  been 
discovered  within  the  limits  of  the  land  embraced  in  any  permit,  the 
permittee  shall  be  entitled  to  a  lease  for  one-fourth  of  the  land 
embraced  in  the  prospecting  permit:  Provided,  That  the  permittee 
shall  be  granted  a  lease  for  as  much  as  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres 
of  said  lands,  if  there  be  that  number  of  acres  within  the  permit. 
The  area  to  be  selected  by  the  permittee,  shall  be  in  compact  form 
and,  if  surveyed,  to  be  described  by  the  legal  subdivisions  of  the 
public-land  surveys ;  if  unsurveyed,  to  be  surveyed  by  the  Government 
at  the  expense  of  the  applicant  for  lease  in  accordance  with  rules 
and  regulations  to  be  prescribed  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior 
and  the  lands  leased  shall  be  conformed  to  and  taken  in  accordance 
with  the  legal  subdivisions  of  such  surveys;  deposits  made  to  cover 
expense  of  surveys  shall  be  deemed  appropriated  for  that  purpose, 
and  any  excess  deposits  may  be  repaid  to  the  person  or  persons 
making  such  deposit  or  their  legal  representatives.  Such  leases 
shall  be  for  a  term  of  twenty  years  upon  a  royalty  of  5  per  centum 
in  amount  or  value  of  the  production  and  the  annual  payment  in  ad- 
vance of  a  rental  of  $i  per  acre,  the  rental  paid  for  any  one  year  to  be 
credited  against  the  royalties  as  they  accrue  for  that  year,  with 
the  right  of  renewal  as  prescribed  in  section  17  hereof.  The  per- 
mittee shall  also  be  entitled  to  a  preference  right  to  a  lease  for 
the  remainder  of  the  land  in  his  prospecting  permit  at  a  royalty  of 
not  less  than  \2l/2  per  centum  in  amount  or  value  of  the  production, 
and  under  such  other  conditions  as  are  fixed  for  oil  or  gas  leases 
in  this  Act,  the  royalty  to  be  determined  by  competitive  bidding  or 
fixed  by  such  other  method  as  the  Secretary  may  by  regulations 
prescribe:  Provided,  That  the  Secretary  shall  have  the  right  to  reject 
any  or  all  bids. 

Sec.    15.     That  until  the   permittee  shall  apply   for  lease  to  the 


LAWS  121 

one  quarter  of  the  permit  area  heretofore  provided  for  he  shall  pay 
to  the  United  States '20  per  centum  of  the  gross  value  of  all  oil  or 
gas  secured  by  him  from  the  lands  embraced  within  his  permit  and 
sold  or  otherwise  disposed  of  or  held  by  him  for  sale  or  other  dis- 
position. 

Sec.  16.  That  all  permits  and  leases  of  lands  containing  oil 
or  gas,  made  or  issued  under  the  provisions  of  this  Act,  shall  be 
subject  to  the  condition  that  no  wells  shall  be  drilled  within  two 
hundred  feet  of  any  of  the  outer  boundaries  of  the  lands  so  per- 
mitted or  leased,  unless  the  adjoining  lands  have  been  patented  or 
the  title  thereto  otherwise  vested  in  private  owners,  and  to  the 
further  conditions  that  the  permittee  or  lessee  will,  in  conducting  his 
explorations  and  mining  operations,  use  all  reasonable  precautions 
to  prevent  waste  of  oil  or  gas  developed  in  the  land,  or  the  en- 
trance of  water  through  wells  drilled  by  him  to  the  oil  sands  or 
oil-bearing  strata,  to  the  destruction  or  injury  of  the  oil  deposits. 
Violations  of  the  provisions  of  this  section  shall  constitute  grounds 
for  the  forfeiture  of  the  permit  or  lease,  to  be  enforced  through 
appropriate  proceedings  in  courts  of  comnetent  jurisdiction. 

Sec.  17.  That  all  unappropriated  deposits  of  oil  or  gas  situated 
within  the  known  geologic  structure  of  a  producing  oil  or  gas 
field  and  the  unentered  lands  containing  the  same,  not  subject  to 
preferential  lease,  may  be  leased  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior 
to  the  highest  responsible  bidder  by  competitive  bidding  under  gen- 
eral regulations  to  qualified  applicants  in  areas  not  exceeding 
six  hundred  and  forty  acres  and  in  tracts  which  shall  not  exceed  in 
length  two  and  one-half  times  their  width,  such  leases  to  be  con- 
ditioned upon  the  payment  by  the  lessee  of  such  bonus  as  may  be  ac- 
cepted and  of  such  royalty  as  may  be  fixed  in  the  lease,  which  shall 
not  be  less  than  i2l/2  per  centum  in  amount  or  value  of  the  produc- 
tion, and  the  payment  in  advance  of  a  rental  of  not  less  than  $i  per 
acre  per  annum  thereafter  during  the  continuance  of  the  lease,  the 
rental  paid  for  any  one  year  to  be  credited  against  the  royalties  as 
they  accrue  for  that  year.  Leases  shall  be  for  a  period  of  twenty 
years,  with  the  preferential  right  in  the  lessee  to  renew  the  same  for 
successive  periods  of  ten  years  upon  such  reasonable  terms  and 
conditions  as  may  be  prescribed  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior, 
unless  otherwise  provided  by  law  at  the  time  of  the  expiration  of  such 
periods.  Whenever  the  average  daily  production  of  any  oil  well 
shall  not  exceed  ten  barrels  per  day,  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  is 
authorized  to  reduce  the  royalty  on  future  production  when  in  his 
judgment  the  wells  can  not  be  successfully  operated  upon  the 
royalty  fixed  in  the  lease.  The  provisions  of  this  paragraph  shall 
apply  to  all  oil  and  gas  leases  made  under  this  Act. 

Sec.  18.  That  upon  relinquishment  to  the  United  States,  filed 
in  the  General  Land  Office  within  six  months  after  approval  of  this 
Act,  of  all  right,  title,  and  interest  claimed  and  possessed  prior  to 
July  3,  1910,  and  continuously  since  by  the  claimant  or  his  pre- 
decessor in  interest  under  the  preexisting  placer  mining  law  to  any 
oil  or  gas  bearing  land  upon  which  there  has  been  drilled  one  or 
more  oil  -or  gas  wells  to  discovery  embraced  in  the  Executive  order 
of  withdrawal  issued  September  27,  1909,  and  not  within  any  naval 


122  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

petroleum  reserve,  and  upon  payment  as  royalty  to  the  United  States 
of  an  amount  equal  to  the  value  at  the  time  of  production  of  one- 
eighth  of  all  the  oil  or  gas  already  produced  except  oil  or  gas  used 
for  production  purposes  on  the  claim,  or  unavoidably  lost,  from  such 
land,  the  claimant,  or  his  successor,  if  in  possession  of  such  land, 
undisputed  by  any  other  claimant  prior  to  July  I,  1919,  shall  be  en- 
titled to  a  lease  thereon  from  the  United  States  for  a  period  of 
twenty  years,  at  a  royalty  of  not  less  than  12^2  per  centum  of  all 
the  oil  or  gas  produced  except  oil  or  gas  used  for  production  pur- 
poses on  the  claim,  or  unavoidably  lost :  Provided,  That  not  more 
than  one-half  of  the  area,  but  in  no  case  to  exceed  three  thousand  two 
hundred  acres,  within  the  geologic  oil  or  gas  structure  of  a  pro- 
ducing oil  or  gas  field  shall  be  leased  to  any  one  claimant  under 
the  provision  of  this  section  when  the  area  of  such  geologic  oil 
structure  exceeds  six  hundred  and  forty  acres.  Any  claimant  or 
his  successor,  subject  to  this  limitation,  shall,  however,  have  the 
right  to  select  and  receive  the  lease  as  in  this  section  provided  for 
that  portion  of  his  claim  or  claims  equal  to,  but  not  in  excess  of, 
said  one-half  of  the  area  of  such  geologic  oil  structure,  but  not 
more  than  three  thousand  two  hundred  acres. 

All  such  leases  shall  be  made  and  the  amount  of  royalty  to  be 
paid  for  oil  and  gas  produced,  except  oil  or  gas  used  for  produc- 
tion purposes  on  the  claim,  or  unavoidably  lost,  after  the  execu- 
tion of  such  lease  shall  be  fixed  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior 
under  appropriate  rules  and  regulations:  Provided,  however,  That 
as  to  all  like  claims  situated  within  any  naval  petroleum  reserve  the 
producing  wells  thereon  only  shall  be  leased,  together  with  an  area 
of  land  sufficient  for  the  operation  thereof,  upon  the  terms  and 
payment  of  royalties  for  past  and  future  production  as  herein  pro- 
vided for  in  the  leasing  of  claims.  No  wells  shall  be  drilled  in 
the  land  subject  to  this  provision  within  six  hundred  and  sixty  feet 
of  any  such  leased  well  without  the  consent  of  the  lessee:  Provided, 
however,  That  the  President  may,  in  his  discretion,  lease  the  re- 
mainder or  any  part  of  any  such  claim  upon  which  such  wells  have 
been  drilled,  and  in  the  event  of  such  leasing  said  claimant  or  his 
successor  shall  have  a  preference  right  to  such  lease:  And  provided 
further,  That  he  may  permit  the  drilling  of  additional  wells  by  the 
claimant  or  his  successor  within  the  limited  area  of  six  hundred 
and  sixty  feet  theretofore  provided  for  upon  such  terms  and  con- 
ditions as  he  may  prescribe. 

No  claimant  for  a  lease  who  has  been  guilty  of  any  fraud  or 
who  had  knowledge  or  reasonable  grounds  to  know  of  any  fraud,  or 
who  has  not  acted  honestly  and  in  good  faith,  shall  be  entitled  to 
any  of  the  benefits  of  this  section. 

Upon  the  delivery  and  acceptance  of  the  lease,  as  in  this  section 
provided,  all  suits  brought  by  the  Government  affecting  such  lands 
may  be  settled  and  adjusted  in  accordance  herewith  and  all  moneys 
impounded  in  such  suits  or  under  the  Act  entitled  'An  Act  to 
amend  an  Act  entitled  An  Act  to  protect  the  locators  in  good  faith 
of  oil  and  gas  lands  who  shall  have  effected  an  actual  discovery 
of  oil  or  gas  on  the  public  lands  of  the  United  States,  or  their  succes- 
sors in  interest/  approved  March  2,  1911,"  approved  August  25,  1914 


LAWS  123 

(Thirty-eighth  Statutes  at  Large,  page  708),  shall  be  paid  over  to 
the  parties  entitled  thereto.  In  case  of  conflicting  claimants  for 
leases  under  this  section,  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  is  authorized 
to  grant  leases  to  one  or  more  of  them  as  shall  be  deemed  just. 
All  leases  hereunder  shall  inure  to  the  benefit  of  the  claimant  and 
all  persons  claiming  through  or  under  him  by  lease,  contract,  or 
otherwise,  as  their  interests  may  appear,  subject,  however,  to  the 
same  limitation  as  to  area  and  acreage  as  is  provided  for  claimant 
in  this  section :  Provided,  That  no  claimant  acquiring  any  interest 
in  such  lands  since  September  i,  1919,  from  a  claimant  on  or  since 
said  date  claiming  or  holding  more  than  the  maximum  allowed  claim- 
ant under  this  section  shall  secure  a  lease  thereon  or  any  interest 
therein,  but  the  inhibition  of  this  proviso  shall  not  apply  to  an  ex- 
change of  any  interest  in  such  lands  made  prior  to  the  ist  day  of 
January,  1920,  which  did  not  increase  or  reduce  the  area  or  acreage 
held  or  claimed  in  excess  of  said  maximum  by  either  party  to  the  ex- 
change: Provided  further,  That  no  lease  or  leases  under  this  section 
shall  be  granted,  nor  shall  any  interest  therein,  inure  to  any  person, 
association,  or  corporation  for  a  greater  aggregate  area  or  acreage 
than  the  maximum  in  this  section  provided  for. 

Sec.  i8a.  That  whenever  the  validity  of  any  gas  or  petroleum 
placer  claim  under  preexisting  law  to  land  embraced  in  the  Execu- 
tive order  of  withdrawal  issued  September  27,  1909,  has  been  or 
may  hereafter  be  drawn  in  question  on  behalf  of  the  United  States 
in  any  departmental  or  judicial  proceedings,  the  President  is  hereby 
authorized  at  any  time  within  twelve  months  after  the  approval 
of  this  Act  to  direct  the  compromise  and  settlement  of  any  such 
controversy  upon  such  terms  and  conditions  as  may  be  agreed  upon, 
to  be  carried  out  by  an  exchange  or  division  of  land  or  division 
of  the  proceeds  of  operation. 

Sec.  19.  That  any  person  who  on  October  I,  1919,  was  a  bona 
fide  occupant  or  claimant  of  oil  or  gas  lands  under  a  claim  initiated 
while  such  lands  were  not  withdrawn  from  oil  or  gas  location  and 
entry,  and  who  had  previously  performed  all  acts  under  then  exis- 
ting laws  necessary  to  valid  locations  thereof  except  to  make  dis- 
covery, and  upon  which  discovery  had  not  been  made  prior  to  the 
passage  of  this  Act,  and  who  has  performed  work  or  expended  on  or 
for  the  benefit  of  such  locations  an  amount  equal  in  the  aggregate 
of  $250  for  each  location  if  application  therefor  shall  be  made  within 
six  months  from  the  passage  of  this  Act  shall  be  entitled  to  pros- 
pecting permits  thereon  upon  the  same  terms  and  conditions,  and 
limitations  as  to  acreage,  as  other  permits  provided  for  in  this  Act, 
or  where  any  such  person  has  heretofore  made  such  discovery, 
he  shall  be  entitled  to  a  lease  thereon  under  such  terms  as  the 
Secretary  of  the  Interior  may  prescribe  unless  otherwise  provided 
for  in  section  18  hereof:  Provided,  That  where  such  prospecting 
permit  is  granted  upon  land  within  any  known  geologic  structure 
of  a  producing  oil  or  gas  field,  the  royalty  to  be  fixed  in  any  lease 
thereafter  granted  thereon  or  any  portion  thereof  shall  be  not  less 
than  12^2  per  centum  of  all  the  oil  or  gas  produced  except  oil  or  gas 
used  for  production  purposes  on  the  claim,  or  unavoidably  lost: 
Provided,  however,  That,  the  provisions  of  this  section  shall  not 


i24  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

apply  to  lands  reserved  for  the  use  of  the  Navy:  Provided,  however, 
That  no  claimant  for  a  permit  or  lease  who  has  been  guilty  of  any 
fraud  or  who  had  knowledge  or  reasonable  grounds  to  know  of  any 
fraud,  or  who  has  not  acted  honestly  and  in  good  faith,  shall  be  en- 
titled to  any  of  the  benefits  of  this  section. 

All  permits  or  leases  hereunder  shall  inure  to  the  benefit  of 
the  claimant  and  all  persons  claiming  through  or  under  him  by  lease, 
contract,  or  otherwise,  as  their  interests  may  appear. 

Sec.  20.  In  the  case  of  lands  bona  fide  entered  as  agricultural, 
and  not  withdrawn  or  classified  as  mineral  at  the  time  of  entry, 
but  not  including  lands  claimed  under  any  railroad  grant,  the  entry- 
man  or  patentee,  or  assigns,  where  assignment  was  made  prior 
to  January  i,  1918,  if  the  entry  has  been  patented  with  the  mineral 
right  reserved,  shall  be  entitled  to  a  preference  right  to  a  permit 
and  to  a  lease,  as  herein  provided,  in  case  of  discovery;  and  within 
an  area  not  greater  than  a  township  such  entryman  and  patentees, 
or  assigns  holding  restricted  patents  may  combine  their  holdings, 
not  to  exceed  two  thousand  five  hundred  and  sixty  acres  for  the  pur- 
pose of  making  joint  application.  Leases  executed  under  this  section 
and  embracing  only  lands  so  entered  shall  provide  for  the  payment 
of  a  royalty  of  not  less  than  12^/2  per  centum  as  to  such  areas 
within  the  permit  as  may  not  be  included  within  the  discov- 
ery lease  to  which  the  permittee  is  entitled  under  section  14  there- 
of. 

OIL  SHALE 

Sec.  21.  That  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  is  hereby  authorized 
to  lease  to  any  person  or  corporation  qualified  under  this  Act  any 
deposits  of  oil  shale  belonging  to  the  United  States  and  the  surface 
of  so  much  of  the  public  lands  containing  such  deposits,  or  land 
adjacent  thereto,  as  may  be  required  for  the  extraction  and  reduc- 
tion of  the  leased  minerals,  under  such  rules  and  regulations,  not 
inconsistent  with  this  Act,  as  he  may  prescribe;  that  no  lease  here- 
under shall  exceed  five  thousand  one  hundred  and  twenty  acres  of 
land,  to  be  described  by  the  legal  subdivisions  of  the  public-land 
surveys,  or  if  unsurveyed,  to  be  surveyed  by  the  United  States,  at 
the  expense  of  the  applicant,  in  accordance  with  regulations  to  be 
prescribed  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior.  Leases  may  be  for  in- 
determinate periods,  upon  such  conditions  as  may  be  imposed  by  the 
Secretary  of  the  Interior,  including  covenants  relative  to  methods 
of  mining,  prevention  of  waste,  and  productive  development.  For 
the  privilege  of  mining,  extracting,  and  disposing  of  the  oil  or  other 
minerals  covered  by  a  lease  under  this  section  the  lessee  shall  pay 
to  the  United  States  such  royalties  as  shall  be  specified  in  the  lease 
and  an  annual  rental,  payable  at  the  beginning  of  each  year,  at  the 
rate  of  50  cents  per  acre  per  annum,  for  the  lands,  included  in  the 
lease,  the  rental  paid  for  any  one  year  to  be  credited  against  the 
royalties  accruing  for  that  year;  such  royalties  to  be  subject  to  re- 
adjustment at  the  end  of  each  twenty-year  period  by  the  Secretary  of 
the  Interior:  Provided,  That  for  the  purpose  of  encouraging  the 
production  of  petroleum  products  from  shales  the  Secretary  may,  in 


LAWS  125 

his  discretion,  waive  the  payment  of  any  royalties  and  rental  during 
the  first  five  years  of  any  lease;  Provided,  That  any  person  having 
a  valid  claim  to  such  minerals  under  existing  laws  on  January  i,  1919, 
shall,  upon  the  relinquishment  of  such  claim,  be  entitled  to  a  lease 
under  the  provisions  of  this  section  for  such  area  of  the  land  re- 
linquished as  shall  not  exceed  the  maximum  area  authorized  by  this 
section  to  be  leased  to  an  individual  or  corporation:  Provided,  how- 
ever, That  no  claimant  for  a  lease  who  has  been  guilty  of  any  fraud 
or  who  had  knowledge  or  reasonable  grounds  to  know  of  any  fraud, 
or  who  has  not  acted  honestly  and  in  good  faith,  shall  be  entitled 
to  any  of  the  benefits  of  this  section :  Provided  -further,  That  not  more 
than  one  lease  shall  be  granted  under  this  section  to  any  one  person, 
association,  or  corporation. 

ALASKA  OIL  PROVISO 

Sec.  22.  That  any  bona  fide  occupant  or  claimant  of  oil  or  gas 
bearing  lands  in  the  Territory  of  Alaska,  who,  or  whose  predeces- 
sors in  interest,  prior  to  withdrawal  had  complied  otherwise  with  the 
requirements  of  the  mining  laws,  but  had  made  no  discovery  of  oil 
or  gas  in  wells  and  who  prior  to  withdrawal  had  made  substantial 
improvements  for  the  discovery  of  oil  or  gas  on  or  for  each  loca- 
tion or  had  prior  to  the  passage  of  this  Act  expended  not  less  than 
$250  in  improvements  on  or  for  each  location  shall  be  entitled,  upon 
relinquishment  or  surrender  to  the  United  States  within  one  year 
from  the  date  of  this  Act,  or  within  six  months  after  denial  or  with- 
drawal of  application  for  patent,  to  a  prospecting  permit  or  per- 
mits, lease  or  leases,  under  this  Act  covering  such  lands,  not  ex- 
ceding  five  permits  or  leases  in  number  and  not  exceeding  an  ag- 
gregate of  one  thousand  two  hundred  and  eighty  acres  each :  Provided, 
That  leases  in  Alaska  under  this  Act  whether  as  a  result  of  pros- 
pecting permits  or  otherwise  shall  be  upon  such  rental  and  rovalties 
as  shall  be  fixed  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  and  specified  in 
the  lease,  and  be  subject  to  readjustment  at  the  end  of  each  twenty- 
year  period  of  the  lease:  Provided  further,  That  for  the  purpose 
of  encouraging  the  production  of  petroleum  products  in  Alaska 
the  Secretary  may,  in  his  discretion,  waive  the  payment  of  any 
rental  or  royalties  not  exceeding  the  first  five  years  of  any  lease. 

No  claimant  for  a  lease  who  has  been  guilty  of  any  fraud  or  who 
had  knowledge  or  reasonable  grounds  to  know  of  any  fraud,  or 
who  has  not  acted  honestly  and  in  good  faith,  shall  be  entitled 
to  any  of  the  benefits  of  this  section. 

SODIUM 

Sec.  23.  That  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  is  hereby  authorized 
and  directed,  under  such  rules  and  regulations  as  he  may  prescribe,  to 
grant  to  any  qualified  applicant  a  prospecting  permit  which  shall 
give  the  exclusive  right  to  prospect  for  chlorides,  sulphates,  car- 
bonates, borates,  silicates,  or  nitrates  of  sodium  dissolved  in  and 
soluble  in  water,  and  accumulated  by  concentration,  in  lands  belong- 
ing to  the  United  States  for  a  period  of  not  exceeding  two  years : 


126  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

Provided,  That  the  area  to  be  included  in  such  a  permit  shall  be 
not  exceeding  two  thousand  five  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  land 
in  reasonably  compact  form:  Provided  further,  That  the  provisions 
of  this  section  shall  not  apply  to  lands  in  San  Bernardino  County, 
California. 

Sec.  24.  That  upon  showing  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Interior  that  valuable  deposits  of  one  of  the  substances 
enumerated  in  section  23  hereof  has  been  discovered  by  the  per- 
mittee within  the  area  covered  by  his  permit  and  that  such  land 
is  chiefly  valuable  therefor  the  permittee  shall  be  entitled  to  a  lease 
for  one-half  of  the  land  embraced  in  the  prospecting  permit,  at  a 
royalty  of  not  less  than  one-eighth  of  the  amount  or  value  of  the 
production,  to  be  taken  and  described  by  legal  subdivisions  of  the 
public-land  surveys,  or  if  the  land  be  not  surveyed  by  survey  exe- 
cuted at  the  cost  of  the  permittee  in  accordance  with  the  rules  and 
regulations  to  be  prescribed  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior.  The 
permittee  shall  also  have  the  preference  right  to  lease  the  remainder 
of  the  lands  embraced  within  the  limits  of  his  permit  at  a  royalty 
of  not  less  than  one-eighth  of  the  amount  or  value  of  the  production 
to  be  fixed  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior.  Lands  known  to  contain 
such  valuable  deposits  as  are  enumerated  in  section  23  hereof  and 
not  covered  by  permits  or  leases,  except  such  lands  as  are  situated 
in  said  county  of  San  Bernardino,  shall  be  held  subject  to  lease,  and 
may  be  leased  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  through  advertise- 
ment, competitive  bidding,  or  such  other  methods  as  he  may  by  gen- 
eral regulations  adopt,  and  in  such  areas  as  he  shall  fix,  not  exceed- 
ing two  thousand  five  hundred  and  sixty  acres;  all  leases  to  be 
conditioned  upon  the  payment  by  the  lessee  of  such  royalty  of  not  less 
than  one-eighth  of  the  amount  or  value  of  the  production  as  may 
be  fixed  in  the  lease,  and  the  payment  in  advance  of  a  rental  of 
50  cents  per  acre  for  the  first  calendar  year  or  fraction  thereof 
and  $i  per  acre  per  annum  thereafter  during  the  continuance  of 
the  lease,  the  rental  paid  for  any  one  year  to  be  credited  on  the  royalty 
for  that  year.  Leases  may  be  for  indeterminate  periods,  subject 
to  readjustment  at  the  end  of  each  twenty-year  period,  upon  such 
conditions  not  inconsistent  herewith  as  may  be  incorporated  in  each 
lease  or  prescribed  in  general  regulation  theretofore  issued  by  the 
Secretary  of  the  Interior,  including  covenants  relative  to  mining 
methods,  waste,  period  of  preliminary  development,  and  minimum 
production,  and  a  lessee  under  this  section  may  be  lessee  of  the  re- 
maining lands  in  his  permit. 

Sec.  25.  That  in  addition  to  areas  of  such  mineral  land  which 
may  be  included  in  any  such  prospecting  permits  or  leases,  the 
Secretary  of  the  Interior,  in  his  discretion,  may  grant  to  a  permittee 
or  lessee  of  lands  containing  sodium  deposits,  and  subject  to  the 
payment  of  an  annual  rental  of  not  less  than  25  cents  per  acre,  the 
exclusive  right  to  use,  during  the  life  of  the  permit  or  lease,  a 
tract  of  unoccupied  nonmineral  public  land,  not  exceeding  forty 
acres  in  area,  for  camp  sites,  refining  works,  and  other  purposes  con- 
nected with  and  necessary  to  the  proper  development  and  use  of 
the  deposits  Covered  by  the  permit  or  lease. 


LAWS  127 

GENERAL  PROVISIONS  APPLICABLE  TO  COAL, 

PHOSPHATES,  SODIUM,  OIL,  OIL  SHALE,  AND 

GAS  LEASES 

Sec.  26.  That  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  shall  reserve  and 
may  exercise  the  authority  to  cancel  any  prospecting  permit  upon 
failure  by  the  permittee  to  exercise  due  diligence  in  the  prosecution 
of  the  prospecting  work  in  accordance  with  the  terms  and  conditions 
stated  in  the  permit,  and  shall  insert  in  every  such  permit  issued 
under  the  provisions  of  this  Act  appropriate  provisions  for  its 
compilation  by  him. 

Sec.  27.  That  no  person,  association,  or  corporation,  except  as 
herein  provided,  shall  take  or  hold  more  than  one  coal,  phosphate, 
or  sodium  lease  during  the  life  of  such  lease  in  any  one  State;  no 
person,  association,  or  corporation  shall  take  or  hold,  at  one  time, 
more  than  three  oil  or  gas  leases  granted  hereunder  in  any  one  State, 
and  not  more  than  one  lease  within  the  geologic  structure  of  the  same 
producing  oil  or  gas  field;  no  corporation  shall  hold  any  interest  as 
a  stockholder  of  another  corporation  in  more  than  such  number  of 
leases;  and  no  person  or  corporation  shall  take  or  hold  any  interest 
or  interests  as  a  member  of  an  association  or  associations  or  as  a 
stockholder  of  a  corporation  or  corporations  holding  a  lease  under 
the  provisions  hereof,  which,  together  with  the  area  embraced  in  any 
direct  holding  of  a  lease  under  this  Act,  or  which,  together  with 
any  other  interest  or  interests,  as  a  member  of  an  association  or 
associations  or  as  a  stockholder  of  a  coporation  or  corporations  hold- 
ing a  lease  under  the  provisions  hereof,  for  any  kind  of  mineral 
leased  hereunder,  exceeds  in  the  aggregate  an  amount  equivalent 
to  the  maximum  number  of  acres  of  the  respective  kinds  of  minerals 
allowed  to  any  one  lessee  under  this  Act.  Any  interests  held  in 
violation  of  this  Act  shall  be  forfeited  to  the  United  States  by  ap- 
propriate proceedings  instituted  by  the  Attorney  General  for  'that 
purpose  in  the  United  States  district  court  for  the  district  in  which 
the  property  or  some  part  thereof,  is  located,  except  that  any  own- 
ership or  interest  forbidden  in  this  Act  which  may  be  acquired  by 
descent,  will,  judgment,  or  decree  may  be  held  for  two  years  and  not 
longer  after  its  acquisition :  Provided,  That  nothing  herein  contained 
shall  be  construed  to  limit  sections  18,  i8-a,  19,  and  22  or  to  prevent 
any  number  of  lessees  under  the  provisions  of  this  Act  from  combin- 
ing their  several  interests  so  far  as  may  be  necessary  for  the  pur- 
poses of  constructing  and  carrying  on  the  business  of  a  refinery,  or 
of  establishing  and  constructing  as  a  common  carrier  a  pipe  line 
or  lines  of  railroads  to  be  operated  and  used  by  them  jointly  in  the 
transportation  of  oil  from  their  several  wells,  or  from  the  wells  of 
other  lessees  under  this  Act,  or  the  transportation  of  coal :  Provided 
further,  That  any  combination  for  such  purpose  or  purposes  shall  be 
subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  on  applica- 
tion to  him  for  permission  to  form  the  same :  And  provided _  further, 
THat  if  any  of  the  lands  or  deposits  leased  under  the  provisions  of 
this  Act  shall  be  subleased,  trusteed,  possessed,  or  controlled  by  any 
devise  permanently,  temporarily,  directly,  indirectly,  tacitly,  or  in  any 
manner  whatsoever,  so  that  they  form  the  part  of,  or  are  in  anywise 


128  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

controlled  by,  any  combination  in  the  form  of  an  unlawful  trust, 
with  consent  of  lessee,  or  form  the  subject  of  any  contract  or  con- 
spiracy in  restraint  of  trade  in  the  mining  or  selling  of  coal,  phos- 
phate, oil,  oil  shale,  gas,  or  sodium  entered  into  by  the  lessee,  or  any 
agreement  or  understanding  written,  verbal  or  otherwise  to  which 
such  lessee  shall  be  a  party,  of  which  his  or  its  output  is  to  be  or 
become  the  subject,  to  control  the  price  or  prices  thereof  or  of  any 
holding  of  such  lands  by  any  individual,  partnership,  association,  cor- 
poration, or  control,  in  excess  of  the  amounts  of  lands  provided  in 
this  Act,  the  lease  thereof  shall  be  forfeited  by  appropriate  court 
proceedings. 

Sec.  28.  That  rights  of  way  through  the  public  lands,  including  the 
forest  reserves,  of  the  United  States  are  hereby  granted  for  pipe  line 
purposes  for  the  transportation  of  oil  or  natural  gas  to  any  applicant 
possessing  the  qualifications  provided  in  section  i  of  this  Act,  to  the 
extent  of  the  ground  occupied  by  the  said  pipe  line  and  twenty-five 
feet  on  each  side  of  the  same  under  such  regulations  as  to  survey, 
location,  application,  and  use  as  may  be  prescribed  by  the  Secretary 
of  the  Interior  and  upon  the  express  condition  that  such  pipe  lines 
shall  be  constructed,  operated,  and  maintained  as  common  carriers : 
Provided,  That  the  Government  shall  in  express  terms  reserve  and 
shall  provide  in  every  lease  of  oil  lands  hereunder  that  the  lessee, 
assignee,  or  beneficiary,  if  owner,  or  operator  or  owner  of  the  con- 
trolling interest  in  any  pipe  line  or  of  any  company  operating  the 
same  which  may  be  operated  accessible  to  the  oil  derived  from 
under  such  lease,  shall  at  reasonable  rates  and  without  discrimination 
accept  and  convey  the  oil  of  the  Government  or  of  any  citizen  or 
company  not  the  owner  of  any  pipe  line,  operating  a  lease  or  pur- 
chasing gas  or  oil  under  the  provisions  of  this  Act :  Provided  further, 
That  no  right  of  way  shall  hereafter  be  granted  over  said  lands 
for  the  transportation  of  oil  or  natural  gas  except  under  and  subject 
to  the  provisions,  limitations,  and  conditions  of  this  section.  Failure 
to  comply  with  the  provisions  of  this  section  or  the  regulations  pre- 
scribed by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  shall  be  ground  for  for- 
feiture of  the  grant  by  the  United  States  district  court  for  the  dis- 
trict in  which  the  property,  or  some  part  thereof  is  located  in  an 
appropriate  proceeding. 

Sec.  29.  That  any  permit,  lease,  occupation,  or  use  permitted 
under  this  Act  shall  reserve  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  the 
right  to  permit  upon  such  terms  as  he  may  determine  to  be  just, 
for  joint  or  several  use,  such  easements  or  rights  of  way,  including 
easements  in  tunnels  upon,  through,  or  in  the  lands  leased,  occupied, 
or  used  as  may  be  necessary  or  appropriate  to  the  working  of  the 
same,  or  of  other  lands  containing  the  deposits  described  in  this  Act, 
and  the  treatment  and  shipment  of  the  products  thereof  by  or  under 
authority  of  the  Government,  its  lessees,  or  permittees,  and  for  other 
public  purposes:  Provided,  That  said  Secretary,  in  his  discretion,  in 
making  any  lease  under  this  Act,  may  reserve  to  the  United  States 
the  right  to  lease,  sell,  or  otherwise  dispose  of  the  surface  of  the 
lands  embraced  within  such  lease  under  existing  law  or  laws  here- 
after enacted,  in  so  far  as  said  surface  is  not  necessary  for  use  of  the 
lessee  in  extracting  and  removing  the  deposits  therein :  Provided  fur- 


LAWS  129 

ther,  That  if  such  reservation  is  made  it  shall  be  so  determined  be- 
fore the  offering  of  such  lease :  And  provided  further,  That  the  said 
Secretary,  during  the  life  of  the  lease,  is  authorized  to  issue  such 
permits  for  easements  herein  provided  to  be  reserved. 

Sec.  30.  That  no  lease  issued  under  the  authority  of  this  Act 
shall  be  assigned  or  sublet,  except  with  the  consent  of  the  Secretary 
of  the  Interior.  The  lessee  may,  in  the  discretion  of  the  Secretary 
of  the  Interior,  be  permitted  at  any  time  to  make  written  relinquish- 
ment  of  all  rights  under  such  a  lease,  and  upon  acceptance  thereof  be 
thereby  relieved  of  all  future  obligations  under  said  lease,  and  may 
with  like  consent  surrender  any  legal  subdivision  of  the  area  included 
within  the  lease.  Each  lease  shall  contain  provisions  for  the  purpose 
of  insuring  the  exercise  of  reasonable  diligence,  skill,  and  care  in 
the  operaton  of  said  property;  a  provision  that  such  rules  for  the 
safety  and  welfare  of  the  miners  and  for  the  prevention  of  undue 
waste  as  may  be  prescribed  by  said  Secretary  shall  be  observed,  in- 
cluding a  restriction  of  the  workday  to  not  exceeding  eight  hours 
in  any  one  day  for  underground  workers  except  in  cases  of  emer- 
gency; provisions  prohibiting  the  employment  of  any  boy  under  the 
age  of  sixteen  or  the  employment  of  any  girl  or  woman,  without  re- 
gard to  age,  in  any  mine  below  the  surface;  provisions  securing  the 
workmen  complete  freedom  of  purchase ;  provision  requiring  the  pay- 
ment of  wages  at  least  twice  a  month  in  lawful  money  of  the  United 
States,  and  providing  proper  rules  and  regulations  to  insure  the  fair 
and  just  weighing  and  measurement  of  the  coal  mined  by  each  miner, 
and  such  other  provisions  as  he  may  deem  necessary  to  insure  the 
sale  of  the  production  of  such  leased  lands  to  the  United  States  and 
to  the  public  at  reasonable  prices,  for  the  protection  of  the  interests 
of  the  United  States,  for  the  prevention  of  monopoly,  and  for  the 
safeguarding  of  the  public  welfare:  Provided,  That  none  of  such 
provisions  shall  be  in  conflict  with  the  laws  of  the  State  in  which  the 
leased  property  is  situated. 

Sec  31.  That  any  lease  issued  under  the  provisions  of  this  Act 
may  be  forfeited  and  cancelled  by  an  appropriate  proceeding  in  the 
United  States  district  court  for  the  district  in  which  the  property, 
or  some  part  thereof  is  located  whenever  the  lessee  fails  to  comply 
with  any  of  the  provisions  of  this  Act,  of  the  lease,  or  of  the  general 
regulations  promulgated  under  this  Act  and  in  force  at  the  date  of 
the  lease ;  and  the  lease  may  provide  for  resort  to  appropriate  methods 
for  the  settlement  of  disputes  or  for  remedies  for  breach  of  specified 
conditions  thereof. 

Sec.  32.  That  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  is  authorized  to  pre- 
scribe necessary  and  proper  rules  and  regulations  and  to  do  any  and 
all  things  necessary  to  carry  out  and  accomplish  the  purposes  of  this 
Act,  also  to  fix  and  determine  the  boundary  lines  of  any  structure,  or 
oil  or  gas  field,  for  the  purposes  of  this  Act :  Provided,  That  nothing 
in  this  Act  shall  be  construed  or  held  to  affect  the  rights  of  the 
States  or  other  local  authority  to  exercise  any  rights  which  they 
may  have,  including  the  right  to  levy  and  collect  taxes  upon  improve- 
ments, output  or  mines,  or  other  rights,  property,  or  assets  of  any 
lessee  of  the  United  States. 

Sec.  33.     That  all  statements,  representations,  or  reports  required 


130  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  under  this  Act  shall  be  upon  oath, 
unless  otherwise  specified  by  him,  and  in  such  form  and  upon  such 
blanks  as  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  may  require. 

Sec.  34.  That  all  provisions  of  this  Act  shall  also  apply  to  all 
deposits  of  coal,  phosphate,  sodium,  oil,  oil  shale,  or  gas  in  the 
lands  of  the  United  States,  which  lands  may  have  been  or  may  be 
disposed  of  under  laws  reserving  to  the  United  States  such  deposits, 
with  the  right  to  prospect  for,  mine,  and  remove  the  same,  subject  to 
such  conditions  as  are  or  may  hereafter  be  provided  by  such  laws 
reserving  such  deposits. 

Sec.  35.  That  10  per  centum  of  all  money  received  from  sales, 
bonuses,  royalties,  and  rentals  under  the  provisions  of  this  Act  ex- 
cepting those  from  Alaska,  shall  be  paid  into  the  Treasury  of  the 
United  States  and  credited  to  miscellaneous  receipts;  for  past  pro- 
duction 70  per  centum,  and  for  future  production  52^  per  centum  of 
the  amounts  derived  from  such  bonuses,  royalties,  and  rentals  shall 
be  paid  into,  reserved,  and  appropriated  as  a  part  of  the  reclamation 
fund  created  by  the  Act  of  Congress,  known  as  the  Reclamation  Act, 
approved  June  17,  1902,  and  for  past  production  20  per  centum,  and 
for  future  production  37^  per  centum  of  the  amounts  derived  from 
such  bonuses,  royalties,  and  rentals  shall  be  paid  by  the  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury  after  the  expiration  of  each  fiscal  year  to  the 
State  within  the  boundaries  of  which  the  leased  lands  or  deposits 
are  or  were  located,  said  moneys  to  be  used  by  such  State  or  sub- 
divisions thereof  for  the  construction  and  maintenance  of  public 
roads  or  for  the  support  of  public  schools  or  other  public  educational 
institutions,  as  the  legislature  of  the  State  may  direct:  Provided, 
That  all  moneys  which  may  accrue  to  the  United  States  under 
the  provisions  of  this  Act  from  lands  within  the  naval  petroleum 
reserves  shall  be  deposited  in  the  Treasury  as  "Miscellaneous  re- 
ceipts." 

Sec.  36.  That  all  royalty  accruing  to  the  United  States  under 
any  oil  or  gas  lease  or  permit  under  this  Act  on  demand  of  the 
Secretary  of  the  Interior  shall  be  paid  in  oil  or  gas. 

Upon  granting  any  oil  or  gas  lease  under  this  Act,  and  from  time 
to  time  thereafter  during  said  lease,  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior 
shall,  except  whenever  in  his  judgment  it  is  desirable  to  retain  the 
same  for  the  use  of  the  United  States,  offer  for  sale  for  such  period 
as  he  may  determine,  upon  notice  and  advertisement  on  sealed  bids 
or  at  public  auction,  all  royalty  oil  and  gas  accruing  or  reserved 
to  the  United  States  under  such  lease.  Such  advertisement  and 
sale  shall  reserve  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  the  right  to  re- 
ject all  bids  whenever  within  his  judgment  the  interest  of  the  United 
States  demands,  and  in  cases  where  no  satisfactory  bid  is  received 
or  where  the  accepted  bidder  fails  to  complete  the  purchase,  or 
where  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  shall  determine  that  it  is  un- 
wise in  the  public  interest  to  accept  the  offer  of  the  highest  bidder, 
the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  within  his  discretion,  may  readvertise 
such  royalty  for  sale,  or  sell  at  private  sale  at  not  less  than  the  market 
price  for  such  period,  or  accept  the  value  thereof  from  the  lessee: 
Provided,  however,  That  pending  the  making  of  a  permanent  con- 
tract for  the  sale  of  any  royalty,  oil  or  gas  as  herein  provided,  the 


LAWS 

Secretary  of  the  Interior  may  sell  the  current  product  at  private 
sale,  at  not  less  than  the  market  price:  And  provided  further,  That  any 
royalty,  oil,  or  gas  may  be  sold  at  not  less  than  the  market  price 
at  private  sale  to  any  department  or  agency  of  the  United  States. 

Sec.  37.  That  the  deposits  of  coal,  phosphate,  sodium,  oil,  oil 
shale,  and  gas,  herein  referred  to,  in  lands  valuable  for  such  min- 
erals, including  lands  and  deposits  described  in  the  joint  resolution 
entitled  "Joint  resolution  authorizing  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior 
to  permit  the  continuation  of  coal  mining  operations  on  certain  lands 
in  Wyoming,"  approved  August  I,  1912  (Thirty-seventh  Statutes 
at  Large,  page  1346),  shall  be  subject  to  disposition  only  in  the  form 
and  manner  provided  in  this  Act,  except  as  to  valid  claims  existent 
at  date  of  the  passage  of  this  Act  and  thereafter  maintained  in  com- 
pliance with  the  laws  under  which  initiated,  which  claims  may  be 
perfected  under  such  laws,  including  discovery. 

Sec.  38.  That,  until  otherwise  provided,  the  Secretary  of  the 
Interior,  shall  be  authorized  to  prescribe  fees  and  commissions  to 
be  paid  registers  and  receivers  of  the  United  States  land  offices  on 
account  of  business  transacted  under  the  provisions  of  this  Act. 

1920 — Act  of  June  5,  1920  (41  Stat.  L.,  874,  912) — An 
Act  Making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses 
of  the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
30,  1921,  and  for  other  purposes. 

*    *    *    * 

Persons  employed  during  the  fiscal  year  1921  in  field  work  out- 
side of  the  District  of  Columbia  under  the  Bureau  of  Mines  may  be 
detailed  temporarily  for  service  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  for  pur- 
poses of  preparing  results  of  their  field  work :  all  persons  so  detailed 
shall  be  paid  in  addition  to  their  regular  compensation  only  their 
actual  traveling  expenses  or  per  diem  in  lieu  of  subsistence  in  going 
to  and  returning  therefrom :  Provided,  That  nothing  herein  shall 
prevent  the  payment  to  employees  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines  of  their 
necessary  expenses,  or  per  diem  in  lieu  of  subsistence  while  on  tem- 
porary detail  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  for  purposes  only  of 
consultation  or  investigations  on  behalf  of  the  United  States.  All 
details  made  hereunder  and  the  purposes  of  each,  during  the  preceding 
fiscal  year  shall  be  reported  in  the  annual  estimates  of  appropriations 
to  Congress  at  the  beginning  of  each  regular  session  thereof; 

Government  fuel  yards:  For  the  purchase  and  transportation  of 
fuel;  storing  and  handling  of  fuel  in  yards;  maintenance  and  opera- 
tion of  yards  and  equipment,  including  motor-propelled  passenger- 
carrying  vehicles  for  inspectors,  purchase  of  equipment,  rentals,  and 
all  other  expenses  requisite  for  and  incident  thereto,  including  per- 
sonal services  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  the  unexpended  balance 
of  the  appropriation  made  for  these  purposes  for  the  fiscal  year 
1921  is  reappropriated  and  made  available  for  such  purposes  for  the 
fiscal  year  1922,  and  of  such  sum  not  exceeding  $500  shall  be  avail- 
able to  settle  claims  for  damages  caused  to  private  property  by  motor 
vehicles  used  in  delivering  fuel:  Provided,  That  all  moneys  re- 


132  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

ceived  from  the  sales  of  fuel  during  the  fiscal  year  1922  shall  be 
credited  to  this  appropriation  and  be  available  for  the  purposes  of  this 
paragraph ; 

Hereafter  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  may  have  sand,  gravel, 
stone,  and  other  material  hauled  for  the  municipal  government  of 
the  District  of  Columbia,  and  for  branches  of  the  Federal  service 
in  the  District  of  Columbia,  whenever  it  may  be  practicable  and 
economical  to  have  such  work  performed  by  using  trucks  of  the 
Government  fuel  yard  not  needed  at  the  time  for  the  hauling  of 
fuel.  Payment  for  such  work  shall  be  made  on  the  basis  of  the 
actual  cost  to  the  Government  fuel  yards; 

Hereafter  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  is  authorized  to  deliver 
during  the  months  of  April,  May,  and  June  of  each  year,  to  all 
branches  of  the  Federal  service  and  the  municipal  government  in  the 
District  of  Columbia,  such  quantities  of  fuel  for  their  use  during 
the  following  fiscal  year  as  it  may  be  practicable  to  store  at  the 
points  of  consumption,  payment  therefor  to  be  made  by  these  branches 
of  the  Federal  service  and  municipal  government  from  their  ap- 
plicable appropriations  for  such  fiscal  year; 

During  the  fiscal  year  1921,  the  head  of  any  department  or  inde- 
pendent establishment  of  the  Government  having  funds  available  for 
scientific  investigations  and  requiring  cooperative  work  by  the  Bureau 
of  Mines  on  scientific  investigations  within  the  scope  of  the  func- 
tions of  that  bureau  and  which  it  is  unable  to  perform  within  the 
limits  of  its  appropriations,  may,  with  the  approval  of  the  Secretary 
of  the  Interior,  transfer  to  the  Bureau  of  Mines  such  sums  as  may 
be  necessary  to  carry  on  such  investigations.  The  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury  shall  transfer  on  the  books  of  the  Treasury  Department 
any  sums  which  may  be  authorized  hereunder  and  such  amounts 
shall  be  placed  to  the  credit  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines  for  the  per- 
formance of  work  for  the  department  or  establishment  from  which 
the  transfer  is  made. 

1921 — Act  of  March  4,  1921  (41  Stat.  L.,  1367,  1400) — An 
Act  Making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses 
of  the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
30,  1922,  and  for  other  purposes. 

That  the  following  sums  are  appropriated,  out  of  any  money  in 
the  Treasury  not  otherwise  appropriated,  for  the  fiscal  year  ending 
June  30,  1921,  namely: 


BUREAU  OF  MINES 

For  general  expenses,  including  pay  of  the  director  and  necessary 
assistants,  clerks,  and  other  employees,  in  the  office  in  the  District 
of  Columbia,  and  in  the  field,  and  every  other  expense  requisite  for 
and  incident  to  the  general  work  of  the  bureau  in  the  District  of 
Columbia,  and  in  the  field,  to  be  expended  under  the  direction  of 
the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  $76,900; 


LAWS  133 

For  investigations  as  to  the  causes  of  mine  explosions,  methods 
of  mining,  especially  in  relation  to  the  safety  of  miners,  the  ap- 
pliances best  adapted  to  prevent  accidents,  the  possible  improvement 
of  conditions  under  which  mining  operations  are  carried  on,  the 
use  of  explosives  and  electricity,  the  prevention  of  accidents,  and 
other  inquiries  and  technologic  investigations  pertinent  to  the  mining 
industry,  and  including  all  equipment,  supplies,  and  expenses  of 
travel  and  subsistence,  and  for  the  erection  of  a  garage  for  mine- 
rescue  truck  at  Norton,  Virginia;  $409,065; 

For  investigation  of  mineral  fuels  and  unfinished  mineral  pro- 
ducts belonging  to  or  for  the  use  of  the  United  States,  with  a  view 
to  their  most  efficient  mining,  preparation,  treatment,  and  use,  and 
to  recommend  to  various  departments  such  changes  in  selection 
and  use  of  fuel  as  may  result  in  greater  economy,  and  including  all 
equipment,  supplies,  and  expenses  of  travel  and  subsistence,  $142,510; 

For  inquiries  and  scientific  and  technologic  investigations  concern- 
ing the  mining,  preparation,  treatment,  and  utilization  of  ores  and 
other  mineral  substances,  with  a  view  to  improving  health  con- 
ditions and  increasing  safety,  efficiency,  economic  development,  and 
conserving  resources  through  the  prevention  of  waste  in  the  mining, 
quarrying,  metallurgical,  and  other  mineral  industries;  to  inquire  into 
the  economic  conditions  affecting  these  industries;  and  including  all 
equipment,  supplies,  expenses  of  travel  and  subsistence:  Provided, 
That  no  part  thereof  may  be  used  for  investigation  in  behalf  of  any 
private  party,  $125,000; 

For  inquiries  and  investigations  concerning  the  mining,  prepara- 
tion, treatment,  and  utilization  of  petroleum  and  natural  gas,  with 
a  view  to  economic  development  and  conserving  resources  through 
the  prevention  of  waste;  to  inquire  into  the  economic  conditions 
affecting  the  industry,  including  equipment,  supplies,  and  expenses 
of  travel  and  subsistence,  $135,000: 

Not  exceeding  20  per  centum  of  the  preceding  sums  for  investiga- 
tion as  to  the  causes  of  mine  explosions;  for  inquiries  and  scientific 
and  technologic  investigations  concerning  the  mining,  preparation, 
treatment,  and  utilization  of  ores  and  other  mineral  substances;  for 
inquiries  and  investigations  concerning  the  mining,  preparation,  treat- 
ment, and  utilization  of  petroleum  and  natural  gas;  and  not  ex- 
ceeding 30  per  centum  of  the  preceding  sums  for  investigation  of 
mineral  fuels  and  unfinished  mineral  products  'belonging  to  or 
for  the  use  of  the  United  States  may  be  used  during  the  fiscal  year 
1922  for  personal  service  in  the  District  of  Columbia; 

The  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  may  detail  medical  officers  of  the 
Public  Health  Service  for  cooperative  health,  safety,  or  sanitation 
work  with  the  Bureau  of  Mines,  and  the  compensation  and  expenses 
of  the  officers  so  detailed  may  be  paid  from  the  applicable  appropria- 
tions made  herein  for  the  Bureau  of  Mines; 

For  the  employment  of  personal  services  and  all  other  expenses  in 
connection  with  the  establishment,  maintenance,  and  operation  of 
mining  experiment  stations,  authorized  by  the  Act  approved  March 
3,  1915,  $200,000; 

For  care  and  maintenance  of  the  buildings  and  grounds  at  Pitts- 
burgh, Pennsylvania,  including  personal  services,  the  operation,  main- 


134  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

tenance,  and  repair  of  passenger  automobiles  for  official  use,  and 
all  other  expenses  requisite  for  and  incident  thereto,  $50,000; 

For  operation  of  mine-rescue  cars,  including  personal  services, 
traveling  expenses  and  subsistence,  equipment  and  supplies,  author- 
ized by  the  Act  approved  March  3,  1915;  to  be  available  for  ex- 
penditure on  any  preliminary  work  that  may  be  found  necessary  in 
connection  with  such  cars  as  are  to  be  purchased  prior  to  the  time 
of  their  actual  delivery,  $160,000; 

For  one  mine  inspector  for  duty  in  Alaska,  $3,000; 

For  clerk  to  mine  inspector  of  Alaska,  $1,500; 

For  per  diem,  subject  to  such  rules  and  regulations  as  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Interior  may  prescribe,  in  lieu  of  subsistence,  at  a  rate 
not  exceeding  $4  when  absent  on  official  business  from  his  designated 
headquarters,  and  for  actual  necessary  traveling  and  contingent 
expenses  of  said  inspector  and  clerk,  $2,825 ; 

For  technical  and  scientific  books  and  publications  and  books  of 
reference,  $1,500; 

*  *    *     * 

In  all,  Bureau  of  Mines,  $1,439,300. 

1921 — Act  of  March  4,  1921  (41  Stat.  L.,  1444,  1445) — An 
Act  To  amend  an  Act  entitled  "An  Act  to  codify, 
revise,  and  amend  the  penal  laws  of  the  United 
States,"  approved  March  4,  1909  (Thirty-fifth 
Statutes  at  Large,  page  1134). 

*  *    *    * 

Sec.  233.  ...  In  the  execution  of  the  provisions  of  the  Act  [as  to 
transportation  of  explosives]  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission 
may  utilize  the  services  of  the  bureau  for  the  safe  transportation  of 
explosives  and  other  dangerous  articles,  and  may  avail  itself  of 
the  advice  and  assistance  of  any  department,  commission,  or  board 
of  the  Government,  but  no  official  or  employee  of  the  United  States 
shall  receive  any  additional  compensation  for  such  service  except  as 
now  permitted  by  law. 

1921 — Act  of  June  16,  1921  (Pub.  No.  18,  6/th  Congress)  — 
An  Act  Making  appropriations  to  supply  deficien- 
cies in  appropriations  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
30,  1921,  and  prior  fiscal  years,  and  for  other  pur- 
poses. 


BUREAU  OF  MINES 

For    inquiries    and    scientific    and    technologic    investigations    con- 
cerning the  mining,  preparation,  treatment,  and  utilization  of  heavy 


LAWS  135 

clay  products,  cement,  feldspar,  slate,  and  other  nonmetallics ;  includ- 
ing all  equipment,  supplies,  expenses  of  travel  and  subsistence;  fiscal 
year  1922,  $35,000;  Provided,  That  no.  part  thereof  may  be  used 
for  investgation  in  behalf  of  any  private  party. 


APPENDIX  6 

FINANCIAL  STATEMENTS 
EXPLANATORY  NOTE 

Statements  showing  appropriations,  receipts,  expenditures, 
and  other  financial  data  for  a  series  of  years  constitute  the 
most  effective  single  means  of  exhibiting  the  growth  and  de- 
velopment of  a  service.  Due  to  the  fact  that  Congress  has 
adopted  no  uniform  plan  of  appropriations  for  the  several 
services  and  that  the  latter  employ  no  uniform  plan  in  respect 
to  the  recording  and  reporting  of  their  receipts  and  expendi- 
tures, it  is  impossible  to  present  data  of  this  character  ac- 
cording to  any  standard  scheme  of  presentation.  In  the  case 
of  some  services  the  administrative  reports  contain  tables 
showing  financial  conditions  and  operations  of  the  service  in 
considerable  detail;  in  others  financial  data  are  almost  wholly 
lacking.  Careful  study  has  in  all  cases  been  made  of  such 
data  as  are  available,  and  the  effort  has  been  made  to  present 
the  results  in  such  a  form  as  will  exhibit  the  financial  opera- 
tions of  the  service  in  the  most  effective  way  that  circum- 
stances permit. 

Appropriations.  While  the  Bureau  of  Mines  receives  ap- 
propriations from  Congress  in  its  own  name,  it  also  benefits 
from  appropriations  for  the  Department  of  the  Interior  which 
are  either  specifically  designated  for  the  sole  use  of  the  bureau, 
designed  for  allotment  among  the  various  branches  of  the 
department,  or  made  applicable  for  departmental  ' 'overhead" 
expenses,  such  as  rent,  light,  stationery,  etc.  In  common  with 
the  other  branches  of  the  national  organization  the  bureau  has 
benefited  from  the  use  of  new  buildings  constructed  out  of 

136 


FINANCIAL  STATEMENTS  137 

funds  provided  in  appropriations  for  the  Treasury  Depart- 
ment. During  the  war  the  bureau  received  appropriations 
out  of  general  funds  appropriated  subject  to  allotment.  In 
the  following  table,  unless  otherwise  indicated,  only  those 
appropriations  are  included  which  are  specifically  stated 
to  be  for  the  sole  use  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines.  It  in- 
cludes all  deficiency  appropriations  excepting  those  items 
known  as  "auditors'  certified  claims."  These  are  usually 
small,  and  in  most  cases  their  inclusion  would  involve  duplica- 
tion. To  prevent  duplication  also,  reappropriations  of  unex- 
pended balances  have  been  indicated  in  footnotes  and  not  in- 
cluded in  the  body  of  the  statement. 

Expenditures.  For  the  fiscal  years  .1911  to  1918,  inclusive 
the  expenditures  listed  in  the  following  statements  are  figured 
on  the  accrual  basis.  That  is,  the  amount  given  as  expended 
out  of  a  specific  appropriation  represents  the  total  expenditure 
out  of  that  appropriation  regardless  of  whether  the  money 
was  expended  during  the  current  fiscal  year  or  during  the  two 
succeeding  years  in  which  the  money  was  available.  The  ex- 
penditures for  1919  and  1920  are  figured  on  a  cash  basis,  and 
therefore,  represent  the  amounts  expended  out  of  the  various 
appropriations  during  the  current  fiscal  years  only.  The 
total  of  the  expenditures  for  1918  is  somewhat  increased  by 
the  inclusion  of  the  expenditures  on  account  of  the  various 
war  allotments. 

Repayments.  For  all  work  done  for  other  branches  of 
the  national  government,  the  Bureau  of  Mines  receives  ' 're- 
payments" or  credit  items  applied  to  the  appropriation  accounts 
to  which  the  respective  activities  were  charged.  Such  repay- 
ments are  available  for  re-expenditure  by  the  bureau  for  the 
duration  of  the  original  appropriation. 

Miscellaneous  Receipts.  Since  1912  the  bureau  has  been 
authorized  to  charge  and  collect  a  reasonable  fee  covering  the 


138  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

necessary  expenses  for  tests  or  investigations  authorized  by 
the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  other  than  those  performed  for 
the  government  of  the  United  States  or  a  state  government, 
such  fees  being  charged  according  to  a  schedule  prepared  by 
the  Director  of  the  Bureau  and  approved  by  the  Secretary  and 
collections  being  paid  into  the  Treasury  to  the  credit  of  mis- 
cellaneous receipts.  Under  the  act  of  October  20,  1914  (38 
Stat.  L.,  741)  the  bureau  supervises  coal  mining  operations 
on  leased  government  lands  in  Alaska.  Under  the  act  of 
February  25,  1920  (41  Stat.  L.,  437)  the  bureau  supervises 
mining  operations  with  reference  to  coal,  oil,  gas,  etc.,  on 
leased  government  lands  and  calculates  royalties  due  the  Gov- 
ernment as  the  result  of  such  operations.  The  royalties  re- 
ceived under  these  acts,  however,  are  paid  into  the  Receivers 
of  Public  Moneys  of  the  local  land  offices,  under  the  juris- 
diction of  the  General  Land  Office. 


FINANCIAL  STATEMENTS 


139 


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FINANCIAL  STATEMENTS 


141 


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APPENDIX  7 

BIBLIOGRAPHY 

BUREAU  OF  MINES 

EXPLANATORY  NOTE 

The  bibliographies  appended  to  the  several  monographs  aim  to 
list  only  those  works  which  deal  directly  with  the  services  to  which 
they  relate,  their  history,  activities,  organization,  methods  of  busi- 
ness, problems,  etc.  They  are  intended  primarily  to  meet  the  needs 
of  those  persons  who  desire  to  make  a  further  study  of  the  services 
from  an  administrative  standpoint.  They  thus  do  not  include  the 
titles  of  publications  of  the  services  themselves,  except  in  so  far  as 
they  treat  of  the  services,  their  work  and  problems.  Nor  do  they 
include  books  or  articles  dealing  merely  with  technical  features 
other  than  administrative  of  the  work  of  the  services.  In  a  few 
cases  explanatory  notes  have  been  appended  where  it  was  thought 
they  would  aid  in  making  known  the  character  or  value  of  the 
publication  to  which  they  relate. 

After  the  completion  of  the  series  the  bibliographies  may  be  as- 
sembled and  separately  published  as  a  bibliography  of  the  Adminis- 
trative Branch  of  the  National  Government. 

BIBLIOGRAPHIES 

U.  S.  Bureau  of  mines.  Fuel  efficiency  publications  of  the 
Bureau  of  mines.  March,  1913.  [Washington,  Govt. 
print,  off.,  1913]  8  p. 

The  publications  of  the  Bureau  of  mines.  Nov., 

1920.  [Washington,  Govt.  print,  off.,  1920]  76  p. 

Superintendent  of  documents.  Mines  and  mining  pub- 
lications of  United  States  Bureau  of  mines  for  sale  by  the 
Superintendent  of  documents,  Washington,  D.  C.  [3d 
ed.]  [Washington,  Govt.  print,  off.]  1915.  18  p. 
(Price  list  58-3d  ed.) 

OFFICIAL  PUBLICATIONS 

ark,  Harold  H.     The  electrical  section  of  the  Bureau  of 
mines,    its    purpose    and    equipment.     Washington,    Govt. 

1  Compiled  by  M.  Alice  Matthews. 

146 


BIBLIOGRAPHY  147 

print,  off.,  1911.  12  p.  (U.  S.  Bureau  of  mines.  Tech- 
xflical  paper  4) 

UDavis,  Joseph  D.  The  fuel-inspection  laboratory  of  the 
Bureau  of  mines.  (In  Pope,  G.  S.  Government  coal  pur- 
chases. Washington,  1912.  p.  74-91.  U.  S.  Bureau  of 

mines.     Bulletin  41) 

[Describes  equipment  and  method  of  procedure  used  in  the  labora- 
tory in  making  a  coal  analysis.  For  the  use  of  the  layman] 

Illinois.  Coal  mining  investigations  (Cooperative  agreement) 
Bulletin  i-  Urbana,  University  of  Illinois,  1913- 

[Cooperative  agreement  between  the  State  geological  survey,  the 
Department  of  mining  engineering,  University  of  Illinois,  and 
the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  mines] 

Illinois.  Coal  mining  investigations  (Cooperative  agree- 
ment). Preliminary  report  on  organization  and  method  of 
investigations.  Urbana,  University  of  Illinois,  1913.  71  p. 

Manning,  Van  H.  Mine  safety  devices  developed  by  the 
United  States  Bureau  of  mines,  illus.  ( In  Smithsonian  in- 
stitution. Annual  report  .  .  .  1916.  Washington,  1917 

P-  533-44) 
U.    S.     Bureau   of  mines.     Annual   report  of   the   director. 

1910-11-     Washington,  Govt.  print,  off.,  1912. 
Exhibits  of  United  States  Bureau  of  mines  in 

Mines  and  metallurgy  palace,  Panama-Pacific  international 

exposition,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  n.p.,  1915.     15  p. 
Experiment  stations  of  the  Bureau  of  mines,  by 

Van  H.   Manning.     Washington,   Govt.  print,   off.,    1919. 

1 06  p.     (Its  Bulletin,  no.   175) 
Manual  of  regulations  of  the  Bureau  of  mines. 


(Washington,  Govt.  print,  off.,  1915.     114  p. 

Report  of  the  conference  of  state  and  govern- 


ment officials  regarding  the  standardization  of  mining 
statistics  and  mine  regulations,  Washington,  D.  C.,  Febru- 
ary 24  and  25,  1916.  Washington,  Govt.  print,  off.,  1916. 

3-85  p. 


148  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

[One  of  the  principal  objects  of  the  meeting  was  to  bring  about 
a  cooperative  agreement  between  the  various  state  organizations 
and  Federal  bureaus  interested  in  the  collection  of  statistics  re- 
lating to  the  mining  industry] 

War  work  of  the  Bureau  of  mines.     Washing- 


ton, Govt.  print,  off.,  1919.  106  p.  [in  4  parts]  Its  Bul- 
letin no.  178) 

Contents :  War  gas  investigations ;  War  minerals,  nitrogen 
fixation,  and  sodium  cyanide ;  Petroleum  investigation  and  pro- 
duction of  helium;  Explosives  and  miscellaneous  investigations. 

—7 —    Yearbook  of  the  Bureau  of  mines,  1916,  by  Van 

^H.  Manning.     Washington,  Govt.  print,  off.,   1917.     174  p. 
(Its  Bulletin  no.  141) 
[Describes  all  the  activities  of  the  Bureau]. 

Congress.     House.     Committee  on  mines  and  mining. 

Bureau  of  geology  and  mining.  Report  to  accompany  H. 
R.  14611.  Washington,  Govt.  print  off.,  1906.  3  p. 
(59th  Cong.,  ist  sess.  House.  Rept.  1184)  Serial  no.  4906. 

[The  passage  of  a  bill  providing  a  Bureau  of  geology  and  mining 
in  the  Department  of  commerce  and  labor  was  unanimously  recom- 
mended by  the  committee] 

Bureau  of  mines.     Report   [to  accompany 

H.  R.  13915]  [Washington,  Govt.  print,  off.,  1909] 
2  p.  (6ist  Cong.,  2d  sess.  House  Rept.  no.  33) 

Serial  no.  5591. 

[Passage  of  bill  urgently  recommended] 


Bureau    o>f    mines    and    mining.     Report. 

Apr.  17,  1882.  [Washington,  Govt.  print,  off.,  1882] 
12  p.  (47th  Cong.,  ist  sess.  House.  Rept.  1065) 

Serial  no.  2068. 

[The  committee  reported  that  the  only  legislation  needed  was  to 
enlarge  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Geological  survey;  no  separate 
Bureau  of  mines  and  mining  was  deemed  necessary] 


—     Bureau    of    mines  .  .  .  Report.      [To  ac- 
company H.   R.    17260]      [Washington,   Govt.   print,   off., 


BIBLIOGRAPHY  149 

1912]     7  p.     (62d  Cong.,  2nd  sess.     House.  Rept.  243) 

Serial  no.  6129. 

U.  S.  Congress.  House.  Committee  on  mines  and  mining. 
Establishing  Bureau  of  mines  in  Interior  department.  Re- 
port. [To  accompany  H.  R.  20883]  [Washington,  1908] 
2  p.  (6oth  Cong.,  ist  sess.  House.  Rept.  no.  1453) 

Serial  no.  5226. 

[Recommends  passage  of  the  bill] 

Hearings  before  the  Committee  on  mines 

and  mining  .  .  .  of  the  House  of  Representatives  to  con- 
sider the  question  of  the  establishment  of  a  Bureau  of  mines 
.  .  .  March  9  ...  12  ...  23  ...  30,  1908.  Wash- 
ington, Govt.  print,  off.,  1908.  140  p. 

[W.  F.  Englebright,  chairman  of  subcommittees  in  charge  of  hear- 
ings] 

Hearings    before    the    subcommittee  .  .  . 

to  consider  the  question  of  the  establishment  of  a  Bureau  of 
Mines.  Mar.  9  ...  1908.  [Washington,  Govt.  print, 
off.,  1908]  54  p. 

Mines    and    mining.     Hearing  .  .  .  Dec. 


4,    1913.     [H.  bill  6063  and  3988]     Washington,   Govt. 
print,  off.,   1913.     19  p. 

[Reference  to  mining  experiment  stations] 

Mines    and    mining.     Hearings  .  .  .April 


28  and  May  2,  1914.  [H.  R.  15869]  Washington,  Govt. 
print,  off.,  1914.  39  p. 

[The  bill  provides  for  mining  experiment  and  mine  safety  stations] 

Mining-experiment  and  mine-safety  sta- 
tions. Report,  [to  accompany  H.  R.  15869]  [Washington, 
Govt.  print,  off.,  1914]  28  p.  (63d  Cong.,  2d  sess.  House 
Rept.  no.  694)  Serial  no.  6559. 

[To  establish  10  mining  experiment  stations  .  .  .  and  15  movable 
mine-safety  stations  for  rescue  cars] 

Mining    experiment    station    in    Colorado. 


150  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

Hearings  before  the  Committee  on  mines  and  mining,  House 
of  representatives,  Monday,  December  18,  1911  [and 
Thursday,  January  n,  1912]  Washington,  Govt.  print, 
off.,  1912.  29  p.,  n,  31-48  p. 

Senate.     Committee     on     mines     and     mining. 


Bureau  of  mines.  Hearing  .  .  .  on  H.  R.  17260,  an  act 
to  amend  an  act  entitled  "An  act  to  establish  in  the  Depart- 
ment of  the  Interior  a  Bureau  of  mines"  .  .  .  June  12, 
1912.  Washington,  Govt.  print,  off.,  1912.  19  p. 

[Bill  proposes  more  adequate  provisions  for  the  metal-mining 
interests] 

U.  S.  Congress.  Senate.  Committee  on  mines  and  mining. 
Bureau  of  mines  .  .  .  Report.  [To  accompany  H.  R. 
I39I5]  •  •  •  [Washington,  Govt.  print,  off.,  1910]  41  p. 
(6ist  Cong.,  2d  sess.  Senate,  Rept.  353)  Serial  no.  5583. 
Bureau  of  mines  .  .  .  Report.  (To  ac- 
company H.  R.  17260)  Washington,  Govt.  print,  off., 
1912.  13  p.  (62d  Cong.,  2d  sess.  Senate.  Rept.  951) 

Serial  no.  6122. 
Establishing  Bureau  of  mines  in  Interior 


department  .  .  .  Report.  [To  accompany  H.  R.  20883] 
[Washington,  Govt.  print,  off.,  1908]  27  p.  (6oth  Cong., 
ist  sess.  Senate.  Rept.  692)  Serial  no.  5219. 

[Recommends  passage  of  bill] 

Select  committee  on  reconstruction  and  produc- 
tion. Hearings  .  .  .  Washington,  Govt.  print,  off.,  1921. 
2361  p. 

[Statement  of  Mr.  George  S.  Pope,  chief  engineer  of  the 
Government  fuel  yard,  Washington,  D.  C.,  p.  2063-80.] 
Dept.  of  the  interior.  Bureau  of  mines.  Letter  from 


the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  transmitting  estimates  for 
appropriations  for  the  Bureau  of  mines  for  the  fiscal  year 
ending  June  30,  1911.  [Washington,  Govt.  print,  off., 
1910]  5  p.  (6ist  Cong.,  2d.  sess.  House.  Doc.  935) 

Serial  no.  5836. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY  151 

Work  of  the  Bureau  of  mines  in  states  west  of 

the  Mississippi  River.  Letter  from  the  Secretary  .  .  . 
transmitting  .  .  .  information  relative  to  the  work  of  the 
Bureau  of  mines  for  the  metal-mining  industries  in  states 
west  of  the  Mississippi  River.  June  5,  1912.  [Washing- 
ton, Govt.  print,  off.,  1912]  8  p.  (62d  Cong.,  2d  sess. 
Senate  Doc.  no.  762)  Serial  no.  6178. 

Geological   survey.     Division    of    mines   and   mining, 

United  States  Geological  survey.     Letter  from  the  Director 
.  .  .  transmitting  a  report  on  joint  resolution  (S.  R.  205) 
to  provide  for  a  division  of  mines  and  mining  in  the  United 
States  Geological  survey.      [Washington,  Govt.  print,  off., 
1898]      12  p.     (5 5th  Cong.,  3d  sess.  Senate.  Doc.  no.  40) 

Serial  no.  3378. 

[Director  thinks  a  division  or  Bureau  of  mines   should  be  estab- 
lished] 

Laws,  statutes,  etc.     An  act  to  establish  in  the  Depart- 
ment of  the  interior  a  Bureau  of  mines.      [Public  -no.  179. 
H.   R.   13915]     Approved,  May   16,   1910.     2  p. 

An   act   to   provide    for  the  establishment   and 


maintenance  of  mining  experiment  and  mine  safety  stations 
for  making  investigations  and  disseminating  information 
among  employees  in  mining,  quarrying,  metallurgical,  and 
other  mineral  industries,  and  for  other  purposes.  [Public 
-no.  283-  63d  Congress.  H.  R.  15869]  Approved,  Mar. 

IP- 

Mining  bureau  [An  act  authorizing  the  establish- 


ment of  a  bureau  for  mining  the  precious  metals,  and  pro- 
viding for  its  inauguration  and  support.  [Washington, 
1869?]  26  p. 

UNOFFICIAL  PUBLICATIONS 

American  mining  congress.  Resolution  no.  i  (Introduced  by 
E.  R.  Buckley)  for  the  establishment  of  a  National  bureau 
of  mines.  (In  its  Proceedings,  1909.  Denver,  1909.  p. 

36) 


1 52  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

Bartlett,  George  A.  Federal  legislation  as  it  affects  the  min- 
ing industry.  (In  American  mining  congress.  Proceed- 
ings, 1909.  Denver,  1909.  p.  168-73) 

[Urges  establishment  of  a  Bureau  of  mines] 

Clement,  J.  K.  The  work  of  the  chemical  laboratories  of  the 
Bureau  of  mines.  1911.  9  p. 

[Reprinted  from  the  Journal  of  industrial  and  engineering  chemis- 
try, v.  3,  no.  2.    Feb.  1911] 

Englebright,  W.  F.  A  federal  bureau  of  mines  (In  Amer- 
ican mining  congress.  Proceedings,  1909.  Denver,] 

1909.  p.   162-7) 

Foster,  M.  D.  The  federal  government  and  the  mining  indus- 
try. (In  American  mining  congress.  Proceedings,  1913. 
Denver,  1914.  p.  370-4) 

[Work  of  the  Bureau  of  mines] 

Holmes,  J.  A.  The  Bureau  of  mines  and  its  work.  (In 
American  mining  congress.  Proceedings,  1910.  Denver, 

1910.  p.  219-27) 

[Address  of  the  Director  of  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  mines] 

The    national   phases    of    the    mining    industry.     (In 

International  congress  of  applied  chemistry.     Proceedings. 
Washington,    1912    [Concord,   N.    H.]      1912-13.    v.    26: 
733-50) 

[Some  reference  to  the  functions  of  the  Bureau  of  mines] 

Statement  .  .  .  concerning  the  work  and  plans  of  the 

Bureau  of  mines.     (In  American  mining  congress.     Pro- 
ceedings, 1912.     Denver  [1912]     p.  118-9) 

International  mining  congress.  [Discussion  relative  to  a  De- 
partment of  mines  and  mining]  (In  its  Proceedings,  1898. 
Salt  Lake  City,  1898.  p.  152-8) 

Manning,  Van  H.  What  the  Bureau  of  mines  is  doing  and 
hopes  to  do  for  the  metalliferous  mining  industry.  (In 


BIBLIOGRAPHY  153 

American  mining  congress.  Proceedings,  1915.  Wash- 
ington, 1916.  p.  103-13) 

Mine  inspectors  institute  of  the  United  States  of  America. 
Department  of  the  Interior,  Bureau  of  mines,  demonstra- 
tions and  exhibitions.  Thursday,  June  n,  1914.  Program 
(In  its  Convention  book  of  the  seventh  annual  meeting. 
Pittsburgh,  1914.  p  5-7) 

Visit  to  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  mines  station  and  mine; 

program.  (In  American  mining  congress.  Proceedings, 
1914.  Pittsburgh,  1914.  p.  130*2) 

Paul,  James  W.  Mine  rescue  and  first  aid  operations.  (In 
American  mining  congress.  Proceedings,  1913.  Denver, 
1914.  p.  281-7) 

[Includes  description  of  the  work  of  the  Bureau  of  mines  in  re- 
ducing mine  accidents] 

Walcott,  C.  D.  The  work  of  the  United  States  Geological 
survey  in  relation  to  the  mineral  resources  of  the  United 
States.  (In  American  institute  of  mining  engineers. 
Transactions,  1901.  New  York,  1901.  p.  3-26) 

[Recommends  a  Division  of  mines  and  mining  in  the  Geological 
survey,  to  be  changed  later,  if  deemed  desirable,  to  a  Department 
of  mines  and  mining] 

Walsh,  Thomas  F.  Letter  to  the  Committee  on  mines  and 
mining  .  .  .  favoring  establishment  of  a  Bureau  of  mines 
and  mining  and  referring  to  the  importance  of  the  develop- 
ment and  production  of  the  rarer  metals  .  .  .  n.p.  [1908] 
4  p. 

PERIODICAL  ARTICLES 

Assistance  in  expanding  our  coal  trade  by  Bureau  of  mines. 
Mining  and  engineering  world.  Sept.  19,  1914,  v.4i  -S37- 

[Summarizes  a  bulletin  printed  in  Spanish,  Portugese  and  English, 
which  describes  the  various  coals  of  the  country  available  for 
foreign  shipment] 

The  Bureau  of  mines  act.  Engineering  and  mining  journal, 
Mar.  22,  1913,  95:625. 


154  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

[Essential  features  of  the  law] 
Bureau  of  mines  and  a   new   problem.     Survey,    Aug.    16, 


[Plans  of  the  Mine  sanitation  section  recently  organized] 
Bureau  of  mines  and  American  radium  production.     Metal- 
lurgical and  chemical  engineering,    Sept.    15,    1916,   ¥.15: 
275-6. 

[Cooperative  work  of  the  Bureau  of  mines  and  the  National 
radium  institute] 

The  Bureau  of  mines  as  a  national  force.  Coal  age,  Oct.  n, 
1913,  ¥.4:543-4. 

[Article  states  that  the  "Bureau  of  mines  has  obtained  a  most 
commanding  position  largely  because  of  its  diplomatic  combina- 
tion of  mere  scientific  research  with  institutional  activity"] 

Bureau  of  mines  cooperative  work  with  states  proving  suc- 
cessful. Mining  congress  journal,  Aug.  1915,  v.  1:374. 

Bureau  of  mines  exhibit  one  of  Fair's  features.  Mining  con- 
gress journal,  June,  1915,  v.i:  p.  265-6. 

["Bureau's  exhibit  at  Panama-Pacific  exposition  the  banner  dis- 
play"] 

Bureau  of  mines  library  contains  11,000  volumes.  Mining 
congress  journal,  Nov.,  1916,  ¥.2:500. 

[The  main  library  in  Washington  is  a  clearing  house  for  its 
various  branches,  giving  practical  service  to  eight  branches  under 
supervision  of  the  main  library] 

Bureau  of  mines  reorganized.     Chart.     Engineering  and  min- 

ing journal,  Aug.  2,  1919,  v.  108:  192. 

[Shows     divisions     into     investigations     and     operations 

branches] 
[Chamberlain,    T.    C]     Are   there    line    fences    in    science? 

Journal  of  geology,  Nov.  1910,  v.i8:  764-76. 

[Concerns  the  Bureau  of  mines  and  its  inquiry  into  protection  of 
life  against  preventable  disaster] 

Coal  mining  investigations.  Coal  age,  Aug.  il-  Sept.  i, 
1917,  ¥.12:240-1,  276-8,  318-9,  364-7. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY  155 

Cottrell,  F.  G.  Relation  of  the  Bureau  of  mines  to  the  oil 
industry.  Engineering  and  mining  journal,  Oct.  2,  1920. 
¥.110:678-9. 

What  the  Bureau  of  mines  purposes  to  do  on  behalf 

of  the  coal  industry,  illiis.  Coal  age,  Oct.  7,  1920,  v.i8: 

731-5- 

Dedication  of  the  Pittsburgh  experiment  station  of  the  Bureau 
of  mines.  Scientific  monthly,  Nov.  1919,  ¥.9:476-8. 

The  destiny  of  the  Bureau  of  mines.  Engineering  and  min- 
ing journal,  May  22,  1920,  ¥.109:149-50. 

[It  will  develop  along  inherited  lines,  viz.,  that  of  a  laboratory 
organization] 

Eddy,  Lewis  H.  Mine-rescue  car  in  California.  Engineer- 
ing and  mining  journal,  Nov.  14,  1914,  ¥.98:867-8. 

[The  trip  through  California  of  U.  S.  Mine-rescue  car  No.  5  is 
described,  and  good  results  set  forth] 

English  technical  papers  profuse  in  compliments,   [for  the  U. 

S.  Bureau  of  mines  and  the  Geological  survey]     Mining 

congress  journal,  Oct.,  1915,  ¥.1:543-4. 
Enlarged  activites  of  Bureau  of  mines  [metallurgical  work  in 

1916]     Iron  age,  Nov.  15,  1917,  ¥.100:1194-5. 
First  aid  work,  war  preparation.     Coal  age,  Oct.  30,   1915, 

¥.8  726. 

[Director  of  Bureau  of  mines  says  that  "in  48  hours,  50,000 
trained  first-aid-to-the-injured  experts  could  be  mobilized  in  the 
great  mining  states  of  the  country  [from]  trained  mine-rescue 
crews"] 

Geological  sur¥ey  and  Bureau  of  mines  assets  in  case  of  war. 
Mining  congress  journal,  April,  1916,  ¥.2:161-4. 

Go¥ernment's  safety-first  train  being  ¥isited  by  50,000  weekly. 
Bureau  of  mines  exhibit,  which  occupies  an  entire  car  at- 
tracting popular  attention.  Mining  congress  journal,  June, 
1916,  ¥.2:269.70. 

Crier,  C.  D.  Electric  furnace  laboratory  of  the  Bureau  of 
mines  [at  Seattle  station],  illus.  Chemical  and  metallur- 
gical engineering,  Oct.  29,  1919,  ¥.21:574-6. 


156  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

Holmes,  J.  A.  The  work  of  the  United  States  Bureau  of 
mines.  American  labor  legislation  review,  Feb.  1912, 
v.2 1125-30. 

Hood,  O.  P.  Fuel  conservation  by  the  Bureau  of  mines; 
with  discussion.  American  society  of  mechanical  engi- 
neers. Journal,  April,  1918,  v.4O:3o8-io. 

Improvised  mine  fires  on  an  experimental  scale.  Scientific 
American  supplement,  Mar.  21,  1914,  v.77:  188. 

["The  Bureau  of  mines  has  installed  at  its  Pittsburgh  experiment 
station,  an  underground  chamber,  or  furnace,  in  which  to  carry 
on  experiments  relating  to  mine  fires  and  spontaneous  combustion 
as  ocurring  in  mines"] 

Lynott,  W.  A.  Bureau  of  mines  studies  of  occupational  dis- 
eases. Journal  of  industrial  and  engineering  chemistry, 
Nov.  1916,  v.8 11062-4. 

[Symposium  of  important  studies  of  occupational  diseases  among 
miners  and  metallurgical  workers] 

Manning,  Van.  H.  The  Bureau  of  mines  in  1915.  Coal 
age,  Jan.  15,  1916,  v.  9:  12^-9. 

["A  summary  of  results  obtained  by  the  Bureau  in  1915  along 
lines  of  safety  and  efficiency.  Coal  dust,  portable  electric  mine 
lamps,  breathing  apparatus  and  electricity  were  investigated  care- 
fully, while  explosives  were  the  subject  of  minute  research"] 

Coal  industry  and  the  Bureau  of  mines.     Coal  age,  Jan. 

15,  1920,  v.  17:80-1. 

Coal-mining  work  of  the  Bureau  of  mines  in  1916. 

Coal  age,  Jan.  13,  1917,  v.  n:  106-7. 

Development  o-f  gas  warfare  work  by  the  Bureau  of 

mines.     American  institute  of  mining  engineers.     Bulletin. 
Sept.  1918,  v.i4i :  sup.xi-xiii. 

Hazards  to  men  increase  as  mines  become  larger  and 

employ  more  men.     Mining  congress  journal,  April,  1916, 
^2:169-73. 

[References  in  address  to  work  of  Bureau  of  mines  in  reducing 
accidents] 

— —    Principal  achievements  of  Bureau  of  mines  during 


BIBLIOGRAPHY  157 

year   summed   up.     Mining   congress   journal,   Jan.    1917, 
v.  3:  17-18. 

[Concise  summing  up  of  the  work  of  the  year  in  annual  report] 

Work  of  the   Bureau  of  mines   during   1918.     Coal 

age,  Jan.  16,  1919,  ¥.15:105-7. 
Methods    of    testing    explosives.     Coal   age,    Nov.    4,    1911, 

v.i : 1 14-9. 
Mine  experiments  stations  named.     Engineering  and  mining 

journal.     Aug.  12,  1916,  ¥.102:294. 

[The  first  two  experiment  stations  will  be  situated  at  Fairbanks, 
Alaska,  and  at  Tucson,  Arizona] 

Mitchell,  G.  E.     The  new  Bureau  of  mines.     World  today, 

Oct.    1910,  ¥.19:1150-5;   Steam  shovel  and  dredge,   Oct., 

1910,  ¥.14:851-4. 
Moore,  R.  B.     Low  temperature  laboratory  of  the  Bureau  of 

mines.     Science,  Nov.  19,  1920,  ^8.52:483-4. 
National   bureau  of  mines.     New   England   engineer,    No¥., 

1909,  ¥.2  :i7. 

[Resolution  adopted  by  the  American  mining  congress] 

National  mine  safety  demonstrations.  Coal  age,  Oct,  1911- 
Mar.,  1912,  ¥.1:48,  49,  57,  91,  no,  122,  124,  129,  149, 
285,  286,  445,  518,  676. 

[Description  of  demonstration  at   Pittsburgh  plant] 
The    new    Bureau    of    mines.     American    mining    congress. 

Monthly  bulletin,  Mar.  1913,  ¥.16:  no.  3,  p.  35-8. 
New  work  of  the  Bureau  of  mines  [in  metal-mining  regions] 
Engineering  and  mining  journal,  March  17,   1917,  v.    103: 

450- 1- 

Oil  industry  of  United  States  sa¥ed  $50,000,000  by  an  ap- 
propriation of  $35,000.  Mining  congress  journal,  No¥. 
1916,  ¥.2  :479-8o. 

["Hostility  which  marked  entrance  of  Bureau  of  mines  into  oil 
fields  disappears  when  the  logic  of  its  conservation  policy  be- 
comes evident — ambitious  oil  program  being  carried  out  by 
Bureau"] 


158  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

Page,  A.  W.  Safety  first  underground :  new  Bureau  of  mines 
and  its  life  saving  campaign.  World's  work,  Mar.,  1912, 

v.23 1549-63. 

Parker,  D.  J.  Government  mine-rescue  cars.  Coal  age,  Oct. 
20,  1917,  v.i2:678-8i. 

Parsons,  C.  L.  On  the  extraction  of  radium,  etc.,  by  the  U. 
S.  Bureau  of  mines.  Journal  of  industrial  and  engineer- 
ing chemistry.  May,  1916,  v.8 1469-73. 

[Reply  to  letter  of  C.  H.  Viol  in  the  March  issue  of  the  Journal] 

Parsons,  C.  L.,  Moore,  ,R.  B.  [and  others].  Extraction  and 
recovery  of  radium,  uranium  and  vanadium  from  carnotite. 
Journal  of  industrial  and  engineering  chemistry.  Jan.  1916, 
v.8 148-53- 

[Describes  methods  used  in  cooperative  investigation  of  the 
Bureau  of  mines  and  the  National  radium  institute  in  extract- 
ing radium] 

Pittsburgh  experiment  station  of  the  Bureau  of  mines. 
Science,  April  10,  1914,  v.39:  527-9. 

[Plans  for  the  proposed  $500,000  experiment  station  of  the  U.  S. 
Bureau  of  mines  to  be  located  at  Pittsburgh,  Pa.] 

Pope,  George  S.  Bureau  of  mines  would  supervise  use  of 
government  fuel  .  .  .  [statement]  before  Committee  on 
mines  and  mining  of  the  House  of  representatives.  (Min- 
ing congress  journal,  Mar.  1917.  v. 3  192-3). 

Proposed  gasoline  specifications  of  Bureau  of  mines.  Metal- 
lurgical and  chemical  engineering,  Nov.  15,  1916,  v.i5: 
557-9- 

[Tentative  specifications  prepared  at  request  of  General  supply 
committee  of  the  executive  departments  of  the  federal  government 
.  .  .  for  specifications  to  govern  the  purchase  of  gasoline  in  the 
District  of  Columbia] 

Raymond,  R.  W.  Proposed  bureau  of  safety  in  the  Depart- 
ment of  labor.  Engineering  and  mining  journal,  Nov.  21, 
1914,^98:903-4. 

[Article  opposes  changes  as  liable  to  affect  adversely  the  work 
of  the  Bureau  of  mines] 


BIBLIOGRAPHY  159 

Reynolds,  W.  H.  Is  the  Mines  bureau  worth  while?  Coal 
age,  Dec.  21,  1912,  v.  2  1874-6. 

[Author  thinks  criticism  of  Bureau  of  mines  is  unjustified  and 
harmful  to  the  bureau] 

Saving  human  life  in  mines;  the  work  of  the  United  States 
Bureau  of  mines.  Scientific  American  supplement,  April 
29,  1911,  v.7i  1264-5. 

[Description  of  the  life-saving  service  for  the  rescue  of  miners 
in  time  of  disaster;  the  oxygen  helmet;  ambulance  car;  hospital 
car] 

Shields,  M.  J.  Illustrations  of  first-aid  work.  Coal  age,  Nov. 
4,  1911,  v.i  :i2O2. 

["Describing  in  detail  the  most  approved  methods  of  treating 
injured  miners.  The  illustrations  present  actual  work  performed 
in  the  government  mine  at  Bruceton,  Pennsylvania"] 

Spurr,  J.  E.  Reconstruction  and  post-war  work  of  the  Bu- 
reau of  mines  as  regards  metal  mining.  Mining  congress 
journal,  Dec.  1918,  v,4  1473-5. 

Sundry  civil  bill  increases  appropriation  for  Bureau  of  mines 

$207,705.      Makes   total   for  bureau  close  to  $1,000,000. 

/  Mining  congress  journal,  June,  1916,  v.2  1267. 

v  Taylor,  G.  R.     Underground  America:  the  Bureau  of  mines 

and  its  work  of  salvage  and  invention.     Survey,  Feb.   5, 


Technicians  in  government  service.     War  minerals  investiga- 

tion committee.     Engineering  and  mining  journal,  Feb.  I, 

1919,  v.  107:225-6. 
Tucson,  Arizona,  and  Fairbanks,  Alaska,  get  mining  experi- 

ment stations.     Mining  congress  journal,  Aug.   1916,  v.2: 

355-6- 

[Two  of  the  three  mining  experiment  stations  .  .  .  provided  for 
by  Congress.     Under  direction  of  Bureau  of  mines] 

Two  important  discoveries  by  Chemistry  department,  Bureau 
of  mines.  Mining  and  engineering  world,  Mar.  13,  1915, 
v.42  :499- 


160  THE  BUREAU  OF  MINES 

[Account  of  Dr.  Walter  F.  Rittman's  discoveries  with  regard  to 
gasoline  and  toluol  and  benzol] 

Unconditional  cooperation  with  Bureau  of  mines  promised  in 
West.  Mining  congress  journal,  Nov.  1915,  ¥.1:589. 

The  U.  S.  Bureau  of  mines.  Engineering  magazine,  July, 
1910,  ¥.39:581-2. 

[A  critical  discussion  of  its  purpose,  powers,  and  influence] 

The  U.  S.  Bureau  of  mines.  Some  good  things  it  has  accom- 
plished, as  shown  in  its  second  annual  report.  Colliery 
engineer,  Feb.  1913,  ¥.33:380-1. 

Urge  cooperation  with  the  Bureau  of  mines.  Mining  congress 
journal,  Mar.  1916,  ¥.2:117. 

[Committee  report  of  United  mine  workers  of  America] 

Viol,  C.  H.  Remarks  on  production  of  radium  by  the  Bureau 
of  mines.  Journal  of  industrial  and  engineering  chemistry. 
Mar.,  and  July,  1916,  ¥.8:284-6;  660-2. 

[Charges   misstatements   in   the  public  press   with   regard   to  the 
work  of  the  Bureau  of  mines  in  the  production  of  radium,  etc.] 

''Williams,  H.  S.     Staged  mine  explosion.     Hearst's  magazine, 

May,  1912,  ¥.21 :228i-2. 
Work  and  purpose  of  mining  bureau.     Coal  age,  No¥.  4,  1911, 

¥.1 :  102-8. 

[Describes    methods    used    in    cooperative    investigation    of    the 
Bureau  of  mines] 

Work  of  the  Bureau  of  mines.     Metallurgical  and  chemical 

engineering,  Jan.  19,  1917,  ¥.16:111-13. 
Scrap  book  [of  the  Bureau  of  mines]    1914 — . 

[Volumes   for   each   year — consist  of  press   clippings   relating  to 
the  Bureau  of  mines] 


INDEX 


Accidents,  investigation  and  pre- 
vention of,  3-6,  8-1 1,  13-14,  i6» 
44;  statistics  of,  16,  43. 

Administration,  general,  39-45. 

Alaska,  inspection  of  coal  mines 

in,  5,  47- 
Assistant    Director,    powers    and 

duties  of,  39,  45- 
Assistant  to  the  Director,  powers 

and  duties  of,  39. 

Chief   Clerk,   powers   and  duties 

of,  40-41. 
Chief  Surgeon,  powers  and  duties 

of,  46. 
Coal,  investigation  and  testing  of, 

2-4,  22-25,  48-49. 
Cooperative  relations,  7,  19-20,  21, 

27>  29-33. 


Explosives,  investigation  and  test- 
ing of,  3-5,  9-10,  16,  17,  33,  46. 

Fees,  for  investigations,  5,  138-9. 
Field  offices,  6,  48,  50,  79-81. 
Fire-prevention,  6,  16,  26. 
First-aid,  training  in,  3,  12,  15,  44. 
Fuels,  testing  of,  5,  24,  27. 
Fuels  Division,  48-49. 

Gas,  natural,  investigation  of,  25, 
26,  4J8,  49. 

Geological  Survey,  mining  tech- 
nological work  of,  1-4;  coopera- 
tion with,  18,  24,  28. 

Government  Fuel  Yard,  opera- 
tion of,  34-35,  45,  77-78. 

Hygiene,  promotion  of,  I,  5,  n- 
J3,  19,  33,  43- 


Director,     appointment    of,    37;  Indian  Affairs,  Office  of,  coopera- 

compensation    of,    37;    powers  tion  with 

and  duties  of,  39 Qualifications  jnspector    'of  'coal     mines     for 

of>  37-  Alaska,  5,  47. 

Districts,  mining,  47;  safety,  44-  Interior,    Secretary  of,   may   au- 


45- 


thorize  tests  on  a  fee  basis,  5, 
139;  may  requisition  additional 
copies  of  publications,  75. 
Investigations  Branch,  45-50. 


Leasing    Act,    administration    of 


Education  and  Information,  Divi- 
sion of,  41-43. 

Electricity,  promotion  of  safe  use 
of,  5-6,  lo-n. 

Equipment,  investigation  and  test-          regulations  under,  32-33,  139. 
ing  of,  4,  6,  8,  10-11,  16-18,  46-      Lignite,  investigation  of,  23,  49. 

47,  49- 

Experimental  mine,  9-10,  81.  Metallurgical  Division,  48. 

Explosions,  investigation  and  pre-      Metalurgy,  investigations  in,  4-6, 

vention  of,  3,  4,  8-10,  16,  44-  7,  21,  48. 

161 


162 


INDEX 


Mine    inspection    in    Alaska,    5, 

31-32. 

Mine  leases,  inspection  of,  32-33. 
Mine-Rescue   Cars  and  Stations, 

Division  of,  43-45. 
Mine-safety    cars,    13-15,    44-45> 

78-82. 
Mineral  Technology,  Division  of, 

47-48. 
Mineral  technology,  investigations 

in,  4-6,  20-21,  47-48. 
Mining  Division,  44,  46-47. 
Mining  experiment  stations,  6,  20, 

43,  47,  49-50,  78-82. 
Mining  Experiment  Stations,  Di- 
vision of,  49-50. 

Mining  laws,  compilations  of,  35. 
Mining  methods,  investigation  of, 

4-6,  7,  16-20,  46-47. 

Office    Administration,    Division 

of,  39-41. 
Operations  Branch,  39-45. 

Peat,  investigation  of,  5,  23,  49. 
Petroleum  and  Natural  Gas,  Divi- 
sion of,  49. 


Petroleum,  investigation  and  test- 
ing of,  25-29,  48,  49. 

Public  Health  Service,  coopera- 
tion with,  12-13,  46. 

Publications,  15-16,  18,  27,  35,  42, 
73-76. 

Quarry  methods,  investigation  of, 
18,  46. 

Radium  investigations,  20-21. 

Safety,   promotion    of,    i-n,    16- 

20,  33,  43-45»  46,  49- 
Specifications  for  fuel,  2,  24,  27- 

9- 

Standards,  Bureau  of,  structural 
materials  work  assumed  by,  5; 
cooperation  with,  18. 

Statistics,  of  accidents,  16,  43; 
of  explosives,  43;  of  petroleum 
and  petroleum  products,  27. 

War  Minerals  Relief  Commission, 

cooperation  with,  34. 
War  work,  20,  22,  28,  33-34,  35- 

36. 


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